Many of you may be familiar with MLA and APA style citations



Many of you may be familiar with MLA and APA style citations. However, there is also a lesser know style of citation that you may be asked to use: Chicago/Turabian. This citation style varies substantially from MLA and APA style in that there are two systems, author-date or notes-bibliography, to reference sources. This handout will give you some basic information about the notes-bibliography format.

General Formatting for Either System Used (first page, heading, etc.)

• The title page should include the title of the paper, the writer’s name, the title of the course, the instructor’s name, and the date.

• Headings: Each page after the title page should include the writer’s last name and the page number in the upper right hand corner.

• Margins should be set at 1” on each side of the document.

• Block quotations are indented one tab (5 spaces) and double spaced. Omit quotations marks.

• Notes and the bibliography are separate. Notes will be on one page and formatted a specific way, while the bibliography will be on another page and formatted a separate, specific way from the notes page.

Notes-bibliography Format

1. Place a footnote after each source used in the text. Continuously number your source throughout the essay; do not start renumbering for each page.

• Example: According to Professor Smith, “Students should study a minimum of three hours for each hour they are in class.”[i]

2. At the bottom of the page, create footnotes OR at the end of the essay, create a notes page. Ask your professor which style to use.

3. In the endnotes or on the notes page, you will list in numerical order the sources you used throughout the essay. Use the following rules to format your notes/endnotes.

• The first time you cite a source, the note should include publishing information for that work as well as the page number on which the passage being cited may be found.

1. Peter Burchard, One Gallant Rush: Robert Gould Shaw and His

Brave Black Regiment (New York: St. Martin's, 1965), 85.

• For subsequent references to a source you have already cited, you may simply give the author's last name, a short form of the title, and the page or pages cited. A short form of the title of a book is italicized; a short form of the title of an article is put in quotation marks.

4. Burchard, One Gallant Rush, 31.

• When you have two consecutive notes from the same source, you may use "Ibid." (meaning "in the same place") and the page number for the second note. Use "Ibid." alone if the page number is the same.

5. Jack Hurst, Nathan Bedford Forrest: A Biography (New York:

Knopf, 1993), 8.

6. Ibid., 174.

4. On the bibliography page, you will list all sources used in alphabetical order. Please see the attached bibliography as an example. Also, check out the “Author-date Format” handout for examples of different types of sources and how each is cited.

For an example of an entire essay in this style, please visit: .

Go to for more information on Chicago Style Citation.

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