University of Alabama at Birmingham



BY 123 SI 08-31-15 AnswersChapter 1Be able to list all 7 properties of life. Order, evolutionary adaptation, response to the environment, reproduction, regulation, energy processing, growth and developmentThemes of Biology:1. New Properties Emerge at Each Level in the Biological Hierarchy. a. Be able to organize from complex -> simple and simple -> complex.Biosphere, ecosystems, communities, populations, organisms, organs, organ systems, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules b. Define emergent properties, reductionism, and systems biology. ?emergent properties – new properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increasesreductionism – the approach of reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to studya balance of both emergent properties and reductionism lends to systems biology – an approach that attempts to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system’s parts2. Organisms Interact with other Organisms and the Physical Environment. 3. Life Requires Energy Transfer and Transformation. a. Examples?Leaves harness sunlight to create energy heavy molecules; consumers feed on producers; consumer uses food to power movements and loses energy through heat4. Structure and Function are Correlated at all levels of Biological Organization. a. Examples?Bird; intestinal villi; a lot of things5. The Cell of an Organism’s Basic Unit of Structure and Function a. What are the two different types?Prokaryotic and eukaryotic b. List their main differences.pro – no membrane bound nucleus; no membrane bound organelles; more simpleeu – membrane bound nucleus; membrane bound organelles; more complex6. The Continuity of Life is Based on Heritable Information in the Form of DNA. 7. Feedback Mechanisms Regulate Biological Systems a. Two different types?Negative and positive b. Think of some good examples. Why do Biological Systems need this?Regulation of the complex metabolic pathways in the living systems; conservation of energy; managementNegative – atp feeds back and inhibits enzyme; insulinPositive – blood clotting, oxytocinOverarching Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life.Define taxonomy.Naming and classifying lifeWhat are the three domains of life? Classify Eukarya to less inclusive groups.Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya (eukarya can be unicellular or multicellular, the multicellular kingdoms are grouped based on modes of nutrition (plantae, fungi, animalia))What are the parts of the scientific method?Observation, forming hypotheses, testing, data, inference/conclusionWhat are the grounds for a hypothesis? Can you prove a hypothesis?Must be testable and falsifiable, you cannot prove it.What are the two different types of data?Qualitative (descriptions that can’t be written in terms of numbers) and quantitative (measurable values)Contrast the experimental and control groups.A control is needed bc you don’t know if it’s the experimental variable affecting it or some other factor; experimental groups are subject to the different factors and variables whereas the control is observed in comparison to the pare and contrast a hypothesis and a theory.A theory is broader in scope; more general; can lead to more new testable hypotheses; supported by a large body of evidence in comparison; should be able to repeat this theoryScientists do not collaborate and exchange ideas to formulate new hypotheses and develop their own ideas. T/FWhy do scientists like to pick rats to research?A) they are model organismsB) they can reproduce easilyC) they can sustain through experimental conditionsD) all of the aboveWhich of the following is a correct match of cell type with structure? A) nerve cell-closely joined B) skin cell-has a large volume C) intestinal cell-has a large volume D) intestinal cell-closely joined E) muscle cell-has proteins that slide back and forthWhat name is given to organisms that convert the carbon in organic compounds into carbon in carbon dioxide? A) autotrophs B) heterotrophs C) plants D) recyclers E) decomposersWhy are unicellular protists and bacteria grouped into different domains?Protists are eukaryotic, bacteria are prokaryotic even if several protists are unicellularWhich of the following is NOT associated with properties of living things?A) growth and developmentB) the ability to create viable offspringC) stimulation by the environmentD) orderE) none of the aboveWhich of these is a correct representation of the hierarchy of biological organization from least to most complex? A) hydrogen, water, liver cell, liver cell nucleus, liver tissue, liver, human B) hydrogen, water, liver cell nucleus, liver cell, liver, liver tissue, human C) hydrogen, water, liver cell nucleus, liver cell, liver tissue, liver, human D) water, hydrogen, liver cell nucleus, liver cell, brain tissue, brain, human E) liver nucleus, hydrogen, water, liver cell, liver, liver tissue, human ................
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