1) Which of the following correctly lists the levels of ...



General BiologyThe sum of all Earth's ecosystems is called the __________. stratosphere lithosphere biosphere hydrosphere troposphere The specific place in which an organism lives is its _____. ecosystem biome habitat community environment What is the ultimate source of energy for nearly all surface terrestrial and shallow water ecosystems? sunlight wind organic compounds water hydrothermal vents Which of these types of organisms produce the biosphere's food supply? autotrophs consumers heterotrophs prokaryotes. All living things come from… Asexual Reproduction Too Much Sexual Reproduction Plants And Their Decay Protists Fungi ab. Outer Spaceac. Volcano’sad. Other Living Things ae. Dead StuffWhat is the molecular commonality that is the basis of life's variety?protein DNA the ecosystem natural selection mutation Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things? A) evolutionary adaptations B) energy processing C) responding to the environment D) growth and reproduction E) all of the above Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level? A) organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism B) cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle C) organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ D) ecosystem, cell, population, tissue, organism, organ system E) molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most to the least complex level? A) organelle, cell, organ system, population, community, ecosystem B) ecosystem, community, organism, tissue, cell, organelle C) biosphere, population, organism, cell, tissue, molecule D) biosphere, community, tissue, organ system, molecule, organelle E) organism, population, organ system, tissue, molecule, cell What is a localized group of organisms that belong to the same species? A) biosystem B) community C) population D) ecosystem E) organ system A maple leaf is at which level in the hierarchy of biological organization? A) tissue B) cell C) organelle D) organ E) organ system Chemistry Match the term with its corresponding symbol#TERMCODESYMBOL________Carbon Dioxide EOxygen BEPhosphate CDPotassium ADABCDEABACADAEBCBDBECDCEDECC6 H12 O6CaClCO2CuH2KMgN2NaO2PO3S2Si There are _____ naturally occurring elements.92 45 25 108 A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical procedures is a(n) _____. molecule element compound buffer cell Cell ReproductionABC DEABReferring to the micrographs of cell division above, match the appropriate name of the phase listed below.____ metaphase D____ telophase AB____ interphase BSEX, GENETICS and INHERITANCEThe human X and Y chromosomes are A) both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike. B) of approximately equal size. C) almost entirely homologous, despite their different names. D) called "sex chromosomes" because they determine an individual's sexWhich of these statements is false? A) In humans, each of the 22 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome. B) In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX) or male (XY). C) Single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (2n), single-celled zygote. D) At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis. E) Sexual life cycles differ with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization. In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in A) spores. B) gametophytes. C) zygotes. D) sporophytes. E) clonesA fruit is most commonly A) a mature ovary. B) a thickened style. C) an enlarged ovule. D) a modified root. E) a mature female gametophyte. P = purple, pp = white. The offspring of a cross between two heterozygous purple-flowering plants (Pp × Pp) results in A) all purple-flowered plants. B) purple-flowered plants and white-flowered plants. C) two types of white-flowered plants: PP and Pp. D) all white-flowered plants. E) all pink-flowered plants. A woman has six sons. The chance that her next child will be a daughter is A) 1. B) 0. C) 1/2. D) 1/6. E) 5/6. Most copies of harmful recessive alleles in a sexual species are carried by individuals that are A) haploid. B) polymorphic. C) homozygous for the allele. D) heterozygous for the allele. E) B and C Use the following options to answer the following questions. For each description of reproductive isolation, select the option that best describes it. Options may be used once, more than once, or not at all.A.gameticB.temporalC.behavioralD.habitatE.mechanical14) two species of orchids with different floral anatomy Answer: E 15) two species of trout that breed in different seasons Answer: B 16) two species of meadowlarks with different mating songs Answer: C 17) two species of garter snakes live in the same region, but one lives in water and the other lives on land Answer: D Mitosis and MeiosisFill in the following check list of comparisons. Place a check mark in the appropriate column. Mark one or both A and B for each attribute or Mark C if the attribute is not applicable.MitosisAMeiosisBNeitherCDNA replicatesXXProduces gametesXProduces identical daughter cellsXHas two sets of prophase, meta phase and anaphase XIn humans, the process produces cells with 23 chromosomes XNew cells are different from each other XOccurs in plant and animal cells XXUnique to teste and ovary (sex) cells XMost of an organism's DNA is carried by its _____. chromosomes endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria ribosomes nucleoli The function of the cell cycle is to produce daughter cells that _____. are genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no mutation has occurred) have the same number of chromatids as the parent cell had chromosomes have a random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell but not the same genetic content none of the above How many pairs of autosomes do humans have? 2 It depends on the sex of the individual. 23 22 1 Why is crossing over important? It holds tetrads together. It allows the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes. It prevents variation in gametes. It ensures that homologous chromosomes pair. It is necessary for the attachment of chromosomes to the spindle. In a cross between two heterozygotes (Aa), the next generation will be _____. in the ratio 1:3 heterozygotes to homozygotes all heterozygotes in the ratio 1:1 homozygotes to heterozygotes all homozygotes in the ratio 1:3 homozygotes to heterozygotes Members of the same population _____. share a common gene pool cannot interbreed under natural conditions share the same genotype are in reproductive isolation from one another none of the above DNA Natural selection is sometimes described as survival of the fittest. Which of the following most accurately measures an organism's Darwinian fitness? how strong it is when pitted against others of its species its mutation rate how many fertile offspring it produces its ability to withstand environmental extremes how much food it is able to make or obtain ab binomial nomenclature ac. periodic table Which one of the following lists the four bases contained in DNA? cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil adenine, guanine, uracil, thymine guanine, pyroline, thymine, uracil adenine, guanine, purine, thymine adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine The information in DNA is contained in _____.the variation in the structure of nucleotides that make up the DNA molecule the type of sugars used in making the DNA molecule the sequence of amino acids that make up the DNA molecule the sequence of nucleotides along the length of one strand of the DNA molecule all of these During the replication of DNA molecules _____. both strands of a molecule act as templates the reaction is catalyzed by RNA polymerase errors never occur only one strand of the molecule acts as a template the cell undergoes mitosis A gene is usually _____. the same thing as a chromosome the information for making a polypeptide made of RNA made by a ribosome made of protein Genetic mutations _____. can occur naturally are most common in body parts that are not used very often are most common in body parts that are used frequently are mainly caused by diseases associated with fetal development are always passed on to the next generation TaxonomyMatch the TERM with its exclusive definition / description. 1 Term per definitionDefinition / CharacteristicCODETERM All prokaryote cells utilize _____ for hereditary information. DWhich group within the domain Eukarya represents organisms that are generally single-celled? DENatural selection tends to act at the ____ level. CEHumans are members of the domain _____. ABOrganisms that survive in conditions hostile to all other forms of life are classified in the ____ domain BIn which kingdom can multicellular photosynthetic organisms be found? CDWhich SINGLE kingdom is common to wine, cheese and bread making? ADABCDEABACADAEBCBDBECDCEDEABCAnimaliaArchaeaCommunityDNAEcosystemEukaryaExtremeFungiGene poolHabitatNestNucleusPlantaePopulationProtistsSpecies Complete each statement of logical classification using the terms of TaxonomyAttributes (mark all that apply)CODETaxonmembers of the same FAMILY are not necessarily members of the same ________ ABmembers of the same CLASS are NOT necessarily members of the same __________Dmembers of the same PHYLUM are necessarily members of the same ___________AABCDEABACKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpeciesThe goal in classifying organisms should be to create categories that reflect the evolutionary histories of organisms. What system would be best to use? A) a three-kingdom classification system B) a five-kingdom classification system C) an eight-kingdom classification system D) a system that uses as many kingdoms as necessary to be accurate E) a system that returns to that used by Linnaeus The distinction between the sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of A) a body cavity. B) a complete digestive tract. C) true tissues. D) a circulatory system. E) mesoderm. While snorkeling, a student observes an active marine animal that has a series of muscular tentacles bearing suckers associated with its head. Segmentation is not observed, but a pair of large, well-developed eyes is evident. The student is observing an animal belonging to which class? A) Gastropoda B) Cephalopoda C) Polyplacophora D) Polychaeta E) Bivalvia Among the invertebrates, arthropods are unique in possessing A) a cuticle. B) a ventral nerve cord. C) open circulation. D) wings. E) segmented bodies. While working in your garden, you discover a worm-like, segmented animal with two pairs of jointed legs per segment. The animal is probably a A) millipede. B) caterpillar. C) centipede. D) polychaete worm. E) sow bug. Life’s OrganizationMATCHING: Place the levels of organization in order from LEAST to MOST COMPLEX. Lowest LEVEL at the bottom of the List and the HIGHEST LEVEL at the top of the listLEVEL OF ORGANIZATIONCODECHOICES____________________________________CECOSYSTEMS__________________________E__________________________ACD__________________________ABD___________________________DE__________________________CE__________________________BCDCELLS ___________________________ ABC___________________________ BE___________________________ ACE___________________________ AABCDEABACADAEBCBDBECDCEDEABCABDABEACDACEBCDBCEATMOSPHEREATOMSBIOSPHERECELLSCOMMUNITIESECOSYSTEMELECTROLYTESENERGYGENEHUMANLIFE CYCLEMAJOR MOLECULESMETABOLISMORGANSORGAN SYSTEMSORGANELLESORGANISMSPLANET POPULATIONSSMALL MOLECULESTISSUESZYGOTEWhat is biology? the study of animal structures the study of life the study of fossils the study of how organisms process energy the study of patterns of inheritance Life Chemistry - Major Molecules in Living Organisms Water is the basis of life as we know it because………. a molecule with partial charges contacts a molecule without partial charges partial opposite charges on molecules come close enough to attract each other Dihydrogen monoxide is liquid in a wide thermal spectrumDihydrogen monoxide exhibits and distributes Brownian motion to all of the other molecules within its vicinityAll of the aboveab. None of the aboveMatch the term with its associated constituentsTERMCODEConstituentCarbohydate ADLipids E Nucleic Acid C Proteins A Minerals AC ABCDEABACADAEAmino AcidsCaustic acidsCytosine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil DehydrationFatty acids and glycerolHydrolysisIons: Ca, Na, Phosphate, CarbonateMonosaccharide, sugarPolymerCarbon atoms are the most versatile building blocks of the molecules used by living organisms because _____. carbon is the central atom of carbon dioxide, a necessary molecule for photosynthesis carbon is the central atom in urea, a molecule used by many living organisms to transport wastes from the body each carbon atom can form up to four covalent bonds with a wide variety of bond angles carbon can combine with hydrogen to form hydrocarbons all of the above In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy? glycogen cellulose starch protein fatty acids Identify the following terms with the indicated structure in the illustrationName this moleculeCarbon dioxidecellulose dihydrogen monoxidemethaneethanolIdentify the following components with its indicated structure in the illustrationTERMILLUSTRATIONHydrogen Bond EOxygen AHydrogen D Positive charge CCell Anatomy IIIIIIIVSee Illustrations I – IV above. Match the statement with its most appropriate termStatementCODETermsAll of the illustrations represent eukaryotic cells T or F AEName the indicated structure / region in the prokaryote @ EName the structure in the protozoan marked @ BCName the structure in the plant cell marked @ CThe structure marked @ in the protist cell is also found in human cells T or F ABEABCDEABACADAEBCBDBECDCEDEABCABDABEAnimalBacteriaCell WallChloroplastCytoplasmDNAEndoplasmic ReticulumEukaryoteFalseFlagellumFungusMitochondriaNucleusPlantPlasma MembraneProkaryoteProtistaTrue To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through _____. a microtubule the Golgi apparatus a ribosome the nucleus the plasma membrane Chloroplasts are found in _____. plant cells and some protists animal cells only both plant cells and animal cells neither plant cells nor animal cells animal cells and bacterial cells but not in plant cells Which of the following best describes the general structure of a cell membrane? proteins sandwiched between two layers of phospholipid proteins embedded in two layers of phospholipid a layer of protein coating a layer of phospholipid phospholipids sandwiched between two layers of protein phospholipids embedded in two layers of protein Which of the following is the correct order, from most external to most internal?1.cell wall2.plasma membrane3.capsule A) 1, 2, 3 B) 1, 3, 2 C) 2, 1, 3 D) 3, 2, 1 E) 3, 1, 2 CYCLE OF LIFEMatch the term with its indicator in the following illustration.Consumer___B Producer__ AGlucose CEVOLUTIONWhich of the following statements provides the strongest evidence that prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes? A) the primitive structure of plants B) meteorites that have struck Earth C) abiotic laboratory experiments that produced liposomes D) Liposomes resemble prokaryotic cells. E) The oldest fossilized cells resemble prokaryotes. The animals and plants of India show large differences from species in nearby Southeast Asia. Why might this be true? A) The species have become separated by convergent evolution. B) The climates of the two regions are completely different. C) India is in the process of separating from the rest of Asia. D) Life in India was wiped out by ancient volcanic eruptions. E) India was a separate continent until relatively recently. If the current molecular evidence regarding animal origins is well substantiated in the future, then what will be true of any contrary evidence regarding the origin of animals derived from the fossil record? A) The contrary fossil evidence will be seen as a hoax. B) The fossil evidence will be understood to have been incorrect because it is incomplete. C) The fossil record will be ignored. D) Phylogenies involving even the smallest bit of fossil evidence will need to be discarded. E) Only phylogenies based solely on fossil evidence will need to be discarded. Natural selection has led to the evolution of diverse natural history strategies, which have in common A) many offspring per reproductive episode. B) limitation by density-dependent limiting factors. C) adaptation to stable environments. D) maximum lifetime reproductive success. E) relatively large offspring. ECOLOGYBiomes are A) all of the populations of a particular species. B) recognized on the basis of the dominant animal life. C) a major type of ecosystem. D) unaffected by climatic factors. E) limited to aquatic regions. Which type of biome would most likely occur in a climate with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers? A) desert B) taiga C) temperate grassland D) chaparral E) savanna How would the dispersion of humans in the major cities of United States best be described? A) dense B) clumped C) random D) intrinsic E) uniform Life tables are useful in determining which of the following?I.carrying capacityII.mortality ratesIII.the fate of a cohort of newborn organisms throughout their lives A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and III only E) II and III only A table listing such items as age, observed number of organisms alive each year, and life expectancy is known as a (an) A) life table. B) mortality table. C) survivorship table. D) rate table. E) insurance table. Which curve best describes survivorship in oysters? E Which curve best describes survivorship in elephants? A Life history strategies usually result from A) environmental pressures. B) natural selection. C) conscious choice. D) A and B only E) A, B, and C Population X Age Brackets Which population is in the process of decreasing? A) I B) II C) III D) I and II E) II and III Which population appears to be stable? A) I B) II C) III D) I and II E) II and III You have a friend who is wary of environmentalists' claims that global warming could lead to major biological change on Earth. Which of the following statements can you truthfully make in response to your friend's suspicions? (Mark all that apply)A) We know that atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased in the last 150 years. B) Through measurements and observations, we know that carbon dioxide and temperature were correlated even in prehistoric times. C) Global warming is having significant effects on United States agriculture. D) The amount of snow in any given region of the planet can vary year to year and even decade to decadeE) Executives of major industries tell only the truth all of the time. ................
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