BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET



BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM PREPARATION

“Notes Booklet” ( DUE Monday January 25, 2010

READ THIS FIRST!!

• You are to use these review questions to compile a “Notes Booklet” to study with, and use on the final exam.

o Students who create their “Notes Booklet” will be allowed to use their notes on the entire final exam.

o The “Notes Booklet” must be entirely handwritten, and may not be shared.

o Include ANY and ALL content included in this packet in your “Notes Booklet”, which you may deem useful on the final exam.

o NOTE: Students who do not use class time effectively, and/or do not complete a “Notes Booklet” will NOT be allowed to use anything on the final exam (except a pencil).

• You will be given at least 2 class periods to work on this re-organization. During this time you should collaborate with other classmates, look through your old worksheets/quizzes, and ask your teacher ANY questions you may have.

• You will NOT be able to use any old quizzes or tests on the final exam.

• You will NOT be able to share any notes on the final exam.

• No additional copies of this review sheet/pack will be made or handed out. If you lose/misplace this, you will become dependent on your classmates.

• There will be NO formal review or answer-delivery (for this review) in class. If you have specific questions/confusions you need to ask your teacher on your own.

• The final is 20% of their semester grade.

I have read, and understand, the above guidelines.

Student Signature: _________________________________________________

UNIT 1: BIOCHEMISTRY

1. What is an element?

2. What makes an atom unstable?

3. How can you determine the number of valence electrons an element/atom has?

4. What is a chemical bond?

5. What causes a bond to form?

6. What is a covalent bond?

7. What are the 6 common biological elements?

8. What is a biomolecule?

9. What is ATP? Why is it so useful?

10. What part of ATP is removed to release energy?

11. What are the 4 biomolecules?

12. What is a polymer?

13. What is a monomer?

14. What is the monomer for a carbohydrate?

15. What bonds are found within a carbohydrate?

16. Which elements are carbohydrates made from?

17. Name some common carbohydrates.

18. What is the main function of carbohydrates?

19. Where can you find cellulose? What biomolecule is it?

20. Where can you find chitin? What biomolecule is it?

21. What bonds are found within a lipid?

22. Which elements are lipids made from?

23. What is the basic structure of a phospholipids?

24. Name some common lipids.

25. Name 3 functions of lipids.

26. What bonds are found within a protein?

27. Which elements are proteins made from?

28. What is the monomer for proteins?

29. Name 3 functions of proteins.

30. What is a catalyst?

31. What is a substrate?

32. What do enzymes control within an organism?

33. What is hemoglobin? How is it useful to an organism?

34. What is the function of digestive enzymes?

35. What is the function of hormones?

36. What bonds are found within a nucleic acid?

37. Which elements are nucleic acids made from?

38. What is the monomer for nucleic acids?

39. What is a nucleotide made of?

40. Draw the basic structure of a nucleotide.

41. Name 2 nucleic acids.

42. What is the main function of a nucleic acid?

43. Why are the bonds within biomolecules so important?

44. What is a hydrolysis reaction?

45. What is a dehydration reaction?

UNIT 2: CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

46. What does the structure of a cell describe?

47. What does the function of a cell describe?

48. What is a cell?

49. What are the 2 categories of cells?

50. Give 2 examples of prokaryotic cells.

51. Give 2 examples of eukaryotic cells.

52. What is a prokaryotic cell?

53. What is a eukaryotic cell?

54. What is the general/basic structure of a cell?

55. What is an organelle?

56. Draw a Venn Diagram to compare Plant & Animal Cels.

57. Draw a basic plant cell & label it clearly.

58. Draw a basic animal cell & label it clearly.

59. What is the function of a cell membrane?

60. What is the function of a cell wall?

61. What does semi-permeable mean?

62. What is passive transport?

63. What is diffusion?

64. What is a concentration gradient?

65. What is osmosis?

66. Why do cells do diffusion and osmosis?

67. What is active transport?

68. Why do cells do active transport?

69. What is cytoplasm?

70. What is the function of the nucleus?

71. What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

72. What is the function of mitochondria?

73. What is the function of ribosomes?

74. What is the function of chloroplasts?

75. What is the function of vacuoles in plants??

76. What is turgor?

77. What is the function of vacuoles in animals??

78. Summarize where complex cells came from.

79. What does the endosymbiotic theory state?

80. List 4 pieces of evidence regarding chloroplasts and mitochondria that support the Endosymbiotic Theory.

81. What is a scientific theory?

82. What is a virus?

83. Describe the basic structure of a virus.

84. What is a bacterial cell?

85. What is the basic structure of a bacterial cell.

UNIT 3: CELL ENERGETICS

86. What is energy?

87. What is chemical energy?

88. What is chemical potential energy?

89. What does it mean to “convert” energy?

90. What does it mean to “transfer” energy?

91. What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

92. What energy do photosynthetic organisms take in?

93. What do photosynthetic organisms convert energy into?

94. Where do animals initially get their energy from?

95. How do animals convert energy?

96. What is photosynthesis?

97. Where does photosynthesis take place?

98. What is chlorophyll?

99. What are thylakoids?

100. What occurs in the stroma of a chloroplast?

101. Draw a basic diagram of a chloroplast and label the thylakoids and stroma.

102. What are reactants?

103. What are products?

104. What is the entire chemical formula for photosynthesis? (Label).

105. What are the reactants for photosynthesis?

106. What are the products for photosynthesis?

107. Why is photosynthesis so important to animals?

108. What is respiration?

109. Draw a Venn Diagram to compare aerobic and Anerobic respiration.

110. Which types of organisms “do respiration”?

111. What is the entire chemical formula for respiration? (Label).

112. What are the reactants for respiration?

113. What are the products for respiration?

114. What is ATP used for in respiration? Why is it produced?

115. How do our cells get energy out of ATP? (What type of reaction AND What occurs?)

116. How do our cells store energy in ATP? (What type of reaction AND What occurs?)

117. How are photosynthesis and respiration related to one another?

UNIT 4: MATTER & ENERGY IN ECOSYSTEMS

118. What is matter?

119. What are some examples of matter?

120. How are cells and biomolecules related?

121. How are cells, biomolecules and matter related?

122. What are the different biomolecules?

123. What is photosynthesis?

124. What is the reaction for photosynthesis?

125. What are the reactants for photosynthesis?

126. What are the products for photosynthesis?

127. How does matter change during photosynthesis?

128. How does energy change during photosynthesis?

129. What is respiration?

130. What is the reaction for respiration?

131. What are the reactants for respiration?

132. What are the products for respiration?

133. How does matter change during respiration?

134. How does energy change during respiration?

135. What is the relationship between energy and ATP?

136. What are ways that matter can change?

137. What is energy?

138. What are the 2 main forms of energy?

139. What are examples of potential energy?

140. What are examples of kinetic energy?

141. What are “life processes” which cells need to complete?

142. What is the relationship between cells, work, and energy?

143. What is the relationship between energy and work?

144. What is thermodynamics?

145. What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

146. What is the relationship between the 1st Law of Thermodynamics and cells/life?

147. What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

148. What is the relationship between the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics and cells/life?

149. What is entropy?

150. What is an ecosystem?

151. What 2 parts is an ecosystem made of?

152. What is an abiotic component?

153. What are examples of abiotic components?

154. What is a biotic component?

155. What are examples of biotic components?

156. What are the types/classifications of biotic components?

157. What is an autotroph?

158. What do autotrophs need?

159. What is a heterotroph?

160. What do heterotrophs need?

161. What is the relationship between heterotrophs and autotrophs?

162. What are the types/classifications of heterotrophs?

163. What is an herbivore?

164. What level consumer is an herbivore? Why?

165. What are examples of herbivores?

166. What is a carnivore?

167. What level consumer is a carnivore? Why?

168. What are examples of carnivores?

169. What is an omnivore?

170. What level consumer is an omnivore? Why?

171. What are examples of omnivores?

172. What is a decomposer?

173. What level consumer would a decomposer be? Why?

174. What are examples of decomposers?

175. What is a model?

176. What does a food chain describe/show?

177. Give an example of a complete food chain.

178. What does a food web describe/show?

179. How is a food web different from a food chain?

180. Draw out an example of a food web.

181. What do the arrows show in a food chain/web?

182. What direction do the food chain/web arrows point in?

183. What happens when you remove an organism from a food chain/web?

184. What does a food/energy pyramid show?

185. Which part of the food/energy pyramid has the greatest amount of usable energy?

186. Which part of the food/energy pyramid has the least amount of usable energy?

187. Why is energy lost throughout a food chain—web—pyramid?

188. What is a Trophic level?

189. Who belongs in the 1st trophic level in a pyramid? Why?

190. Who belongs in the 2nd trophic level in a pyramid? Why?

191. Who belongs in the higher trophic levels in a pyramid? Why?

192. How is a trophic level different than a consumer level?

193. How is energy transferred through food chains/webs?

194. How is matter transferred through food chains/webs?

195. What is a nutrient?

196. What is a cycle?

197. What are the different “spheres”?

198. What is important to remember regarding the different spheres?

199. What are the common nutrient cycles?

200. Which nutrient cycles are we studying in this unit?

201. Where can you find carbon?

202. What are common carbon compounds?

203. Where can you find nitrogen?

204. What are common nitrogen compounds?

UNIT 5: CHANGES IN ECOSYSTEMS

205. What are the main ideas of this unit?

206. What 3 factors impact an ecosystem?

207. What is succession?

208. What could be causes of succession?

209. When Thurston High School was undergoing construction for the new auditorium, a great deal of the land was dug up. Some of this dug up land was covered by the new building, and some was left exposed. Explain how you think this exposed piece of land will develop over time. How does this show succession?

210. What are some abiotic resources that humans rely on?

211. What are some biotic resources that humans rely on?

212. List 3 possible results of an increasing human population.

213. Do you think that only human population changes result in significant ecosystem changes? Why? Explain.

214. List changes which have been made to Earth as the result of humans.

215. What does “population dynamics” mean?

216. What are the 3 things that impact a population?

217. How would increased births affect the size of its population?

218. How could increased births of one population affect another population?

219. How would increased deaths affect the size of its population?

220. How could increased deaths of one population affect another population?

221. What is immigration?

222. What is emigration?

223. What does “carrying capacity” mean?

224. What are the 3 stages of population development?

225. What allows/causes a population to grow?

226. What keeps a population’s size constant?

227. What causes a population size to decline?

228. Grow a basic graph (AND LABEL) to depict the 3 stages of population development.

229. What is exponential growth?

230. Why is the exponential growth of the human population more concerning than if it were linear growth?

231. What will cause the human population to reach stability?

232. What will cause the human population to decline in size?

233. How could the decline of the human population affect other populations?

234. What is an invasive species?

235. How/Why could humans introduce a new species to an ecosystem?

236. What challenges would an invasive species meet with its introduction to the new ecosystem?

237. What could happen if an invasive species is too successful?

238. Give 1 example of an invasive species AND explain its impact on the new ecosystem.

239. What is the greenhouse effect?

240. Which gases contribute to the greenhouse effect?

241. How is earth’s atmosphere analogous to a greenhouse?

242. What is the difference between global warming and climate change?

243. What are the main causes of climate change?

244. List 10 things you could REALLY do to help out with climate change? (seriously! ()

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