Biology I Fall Semester Final Exam Study Guide



Name_________________ Period ____

Biology I Fall Semester Final Exam Study Guide

Cells, Microscopes and Scientific Method

1. In an experiment, what is:

a. The independent variable: ____________________________________________

b. The dependent variable: _____________________________________________

c. The control: _____________________________________________

d. A constant: _____________________________________________

Look at the information below:

[pic][pic]

2. What is the hypothesis for this experiment?

a. If you shuffle the cards more times, then you are probably alert.

b. If you can sort playing cards, then you are probably alert.

c. If it is early in the morning, then you are alert.

3. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data shown above?

a. Alertness is directly related to the level of distraction.

b. Shuffling methods can affect alertness.

c. Alertness levels vary during the day.

d. Long periods of rest improve alertness.

4. Name a constant for this experiment: ________________________________________

5. Label the following organelles:

[pic]

[pic]

5. The picture shows an experiment designed to investigate activity in a water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily observed and counted as they escape from the funnel. The number of bubbles is an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis. Which of these data tables best reflects the expected results of this experiment?

[pic]

6. A prokaryotic cell has all the parts listed below EXCEPT:

7. Ribosomes

8. Cell membrane

9. Nucleus

10. Genetic material

d. An animal cell has all the parts listed below EXCEPT:

6. Mitochondria

7. Chloroplast

8. Ribosomes

9. Golgi body

e. Eukaryotic cells have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

6. They are easily viewed with a microscope.

7. They are large in size.

8. They do not have a nucleus.

9. They are complex with many organelles.

f. Living things do all of the following things EXCEPT:

6. Reproduce

7. Move

8. Use energy from foods

9. Respond to changes in the environment

7. Use the Venn Diagram below to show what prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have in common.

15. Use the Venn Diagram below to show what plant and animal cells have in common.

16. If a cell was missing mitochondria, which of the functions below would the cell not be able to do?

a. Metabolism

b. Respond to its environment

c. Make ATP (energy)

d. It would not be able to do any of the things listed above.

17. If a plant cell was missing chloroplasts, what would it not be able to do?

a. Move from predators.

b. Reproduce.

c. Produce sugars from sunlight.

d. Absorb water from its roots.

Science Skills Review

18. What volume should be reported for the solution in this graduated cylinder?

A. 64.0 mL

B. 56.2 mL

C. 56.0 mL

D. 50.6 mL

Chemistry and Enzymes

| |

|WORD BANK |

|Atom |Element |Water |

|Carbohydrate |Protein |Lipid |

|Monosaccharide |Polysaccharide |Nucleic acid |

19. These organic molecules are used as energy sources and include things like sugars and starches. ____________________________

20. This is the smallest unit of matter and contains electrons, protons and neutrons. _____________________

21. These organic molecules are made of amino acids and can be used to build muscles, hair, feathers and are also used as enzymes. ________________________

22. DNA and RNA, which are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information are two types of this organic molecule. ____________________________

23. These organic molecules are simple sugars and include things like glucose and are the building blocks of larger carbohydrates like starch. ___________________________

24. These organic molecules are made up of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. They are used to store energy and are a major part of the cell membrane. _______________

Look at the graph of enzyme activity below and answer the questions that follow.

25. What does this graph tell you about how temperature affects enzyme activity? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

26. Why do you think the activity of the enzyme declines after 40 degrees? ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Use the graph below to answer the questions that follow.

[pic]

27. According to the graph above, do all enzymes work at the same pH level? ___________

28. Which enzyme works best at an acidic pH? _________________________________

29. Which enzyme works best at a neutral pH? _________________________________

30. What happens to enzymes when they are not at their ideal pH level? _________________________________________________________________

31. Which of the elements below is an element found in All living things?

a. Carbon

b. Hydrogen

c. Plutonium

d. Sulfur

32. Which one of these is not the job of a protein?

a. Makes up hair, feathers and scales

b. Is used as an energy source

c. Can be used to fight off illnesses in the immune system

d. Makes up enzymes

[pic]

34. Name two examples of a carbohydrate:

a. _______________________________________

b. _______________________________________

35. What is an enzyme? ________________________________________________________________________________

36. What is a substrate? ________________________________________________________________________________

37. What is the activation energy of a chemical reaction? ________________________________________________________________________________

38. Do you think that the activation energy is the same for all chemical reactions? Why or why not? ________________________________________________________________________________

39. What is the active site of an enzyme? ________________________________________________________________________________

40. What would happen if the active site of an enzyme was blocked by something? __________________________________________________________________

41. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

| |Photosynthesis |Cellular Respiration |Lactic Acid fermentation |

|Function | | | |

|Location | | | |

|Reactants | | | |

|Products | | | |

|Equation | | | |

42.

[pic]

Cell Membranes and Transport

43. What is the job of the cell membrane? ________________________________________

Matching. Match the terms in column A to their definitions in column B.

|Column A |Column B |

|45. hypotonic |A. passive movement of substances from high concentration to low |

| |concentration |

|46. isotonic |B. a solution that has more water than dissolved substances |

|47. hypertonic |C. passive movement of water from high concentration to low concentration |

| |across a semi-permeable membrane |

|48. diffusion |D. a solution that has equal amounts of water and dissolved substances |

|49. osmosis |E. a solution that has more dissolved substances than water |

50. The cell membrane of a red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering this membrane is called

a. perforated

b. semi-permeable

c. non-conductive

d. permeable

51. Look at the diagrams below and draw an arrow to show which way water will move in each system.

|CELL |Cell |ENVIRONMENT |

|90% water |membra|85% water |

|10% salt |ne |15% salt |

|CELL |Cell |ENVIRONMENT |

|70% water |membra|100% water |

|30% sugar |ne |0% sugar |

|CELL |Cell |ENVIRONMENT |

|97% water |membra|70% water |

|3% dissolved substances |ne |30% dissolved substances |

Starch turns blue-black in the presence of iodine solution. A selectively permeable dialysis sac containing a starch solution is placed into a beaker of iodine solution.

[pic]

52. If the dialysis sac is permeable only to water and iodine, what will the solutions in the beaker and the sac look like after two hours?

a. The iodine solution in the beaker will turn blue-black; the starch solution will not change.

b. The starch solution in the dialysis sac will turn blue-black; the iodine solution will not change.

c. Neither solution will turn blue-black.

d. Both solutions will turn blue-black.

53. Describe what kind of solutions the cells below have been placed in: hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic.

[pic]

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

54. What happens during each of the phases of the cell cycle:

a. G1 phase: ___________________________________

b. S phase: ___________________________________

c. G2 phase: ___________________________________

55. Identify the stages of mitosis shown in the picture below:

[pic]

56. What is the result when cells divide uncontrollably? ________________________

DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

57. DNA and RNA are similar because they both contain

a. deoxyribose.

b. nucleotides.

c. thymine.

d. double helices.

58. A nucleotide consists of

a. between one and three phospholipids and protein

b. glucose, fructose, and sucrose

c. a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base

d. two molecules of ATP and one molecule of ADP

59. James Watson and Francis Crick are now famous for hypothesizing the

a. structure of DNA

b. function of DNA

c. existence of DNA

d. function of RNA

60. The enzyme which bonds new nitrogenous bases to those existing on the original DNA strand is called

a. DNA polymerase c. DNA ligase

b. DNA amylase d. DNA helicase

61. The genetic information for making a protein must move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Which of these moves this information to the cytoplasm?

a. a ribosome c. RNA

b. DNA d. amino acid

Mutation Review:

62. The mutation shown above is called a(n) ____________________________.

substitution translocation deletion inversion

63. Making a protein from an RNA message (RNA→ PROTEIN) is called _____________________ (Transcription or Translation)

64. A person with an A and a B allele having AB type blood is an example of

__________ dominance.

Complete Co incomplete

65.Another name for homozygous is _______________________.

hybrid pure dominant mutant polygenic

66. What is the probability that an offspring from this cross will show the DOMINANT trait?______

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

67. The genes an organism has is called its ______________________.

PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE

-----------------------

A ________________

B ________________

C ________________

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