First Semester Biology Review Guide



First Semester Biology Review Guide

Chapters 1-9

In order to receive 50 extra credit points you do need to answer ALL of the questions on a separate sheet of paper and: include the chapter heading, rewrite the question, and answer each question fully. Your work should be neat and easy to read. The paper you turn in should have NO spiral notebook frills. DUE: when you take your exam (this will not be accepted late).

Chapter 1:

1. Explain what a hypothesis is and how scientists test them.

2. Explain how a theory develops

3. List the steps of the scientific method

4. Describe characteristics of living things

5. Quantitative vs. qualitative measurements

Chapter 2

1. Identify three subatomic particles found in atoms and where they are located

2. Describe the two main types of chemical bonds & know what an ion is

3. Explain why water molecules are polar

4. List the four groups of organic macromolecules and describe the structure and function of each group of organic macromolecules

5. Explain why enzymes are important to living things and what can cause them to stop working

Chapter 3

1. Identify the levels of ecological organization

2. Identify the source of energy for life processes

3. Define: heterotroph and autotroph. List three examples of each.

4. Trace the flow of energy through living systems (know how to read a food chain)

5. Evaluate the efficiency of energy transfer among organisms in an ecosystem (10% rule)

6. Describe how matter cycles among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem (familiarize yourself with the water, carbon, nitrogen cycles)

7. Define a limiting nutrient

Chapter 4

1. Define a niche

2. Identify and describe the interactions that occur within communities (pg. 92-93)

3. Differentiate between abiotic and biotic factors

Chapter 5

1. List the characteristics used to describe a population

2. Identify the factors that affect population size

3. Differentiate between exponential and logistic growth

4. Identify factors that limit population growth (also known as limiting factors)

Chapter 6

1. Describe human activities that can affect the biosphere

2. Describe the difference between renewable and non-renewable sources

3. Identify the characteristics of sustainable use

4. Define biodiversity and its value

5. Identify threats to biodiversity

Chapter 7

1. Explain what the cell is

2. Name the basic cell structures

3. Identify and describe the functions of the major cell organelles

4. Familiarize yourself with figure 7-5

5. Identify the main functions of the cell membrane (& know figure 7-15)

6. Describe what happens during diffusion

7. Explain the processes of osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport

8. Identify the organization levels in multicellular organisms (pg. 192)

Chapter 8

1. Explain where plants get the energy they need to produce food

2. State the equation for photosynthesis

3. Describe the role of light and chlorophyll in photosynthesis

4. Describe what happens during the light dependent (including photosystems 1 and 2 and light independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions

a. Familiarize yourself with figures 8-10 and 8-11

Chapter 9

1. Explain what cell respiration is and state the equation

2. Describe what happens during the process of glycolysis

3. Name two main types of fermentation

4. Describe what happens during the Krebs cycle

5. Compare photosynthesis and respiration

Other:

1. List three laboratory safety skills you should follow

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