Biology (CP) Final Exam Study Guide 1 - Weebly



Biology Final Exam Study Guide

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing the

|a. |products of the reaction. |

|b. |speed of the reaction. |

|c. |temperature of the reaction. |

|d. |pH of the reaction. |

____ 2. Plants are

|a. |primary producers. |

|b. |primary consumers. |

|c. |herbivores. |

|d. |omnivores. |

____ 3. All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food

|a. |interaction. |

|b. |chain. |

|c. |network. |

|d. |web. |

____ 4. What animals eat both producers and consumers?

|a. |herbivores |

|b. |omnivores |

|c. |chemotrophs |

|d. |autotrophs |

____ 5. A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which pair of ecological terms describes the bird?

|a. |herbivore, decomposer |

|b. |producer, heterotroph |

|c. |carnivore, consumer |

|d. |autotroph, herbivore |

____ 6. The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called

|a. |the water cycle. |

|b. |the condensation cycle. |

|c. |precipitation. |

|d. |evaporation. |

____ 7. What is at the base of all ecological pyramids?

|a. |consumers |

|b. |decomposers |

|c. |producers |

|d. |scavengers |

____ 8. Suppose that a species of toads is introduced into a new environment in an attempt to reduce the population of insects. The toad has no natural predators in the new environment. The toad population would most likely

|a. |increase exponentially. |

|b. |increase logistically. |

|c. |decrease rapidly and die out. |

|d. |remain the same. |

____ 9. Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?

|a. |The cell lacks cytoplasm. |

|b. |The cell lacks a cell membrane. |

|c. |The cell lacks a nucleus. |

|d. |The cell lacks genetic material. |

____ 10. Which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus?

|a. |prokaryotes |

|b. |bacteria |

|c. |eukaryotes |

|d. |viruses |

____ 11. Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?

|a. |plants |

|b. |animals |

|c. |bacteria |

|d. |fungi |

[pic]

Figure 7–1

____ 12.

Which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown in Figure 7–1?

|a. |The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus. |

|b. |The cell is prokaryotic because it has a nucleus. |

|c. |The cell is eukaryotic because it does not have a nucleus. |

|d. |The cell is prokaryotic because it does not have a nucleus. |

____ 13. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?

|a. |stores DNA |

|b. |stores sugars |

|c. |builds proteins |

|d. |packages proteins |

| | |

____ 14. Which of the following statements about the nucleus is NOT true?

|a. |The nucleus stores the coded instructions for making the cell’s proteins. |

|b. |The nucleus usually contains a nucleolus region which is where ribosome assembly begins. |

|c. |The nucleus is the site of protein assembly. |

|d. |The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope that lets materials in and out. |

____ 15. Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful?

|a. |Golgi apparatus |

|b. |lysosome |

|c. |endoplasmic reticulum |

|d. |mitochondrion |

[pic]

Figure 7–2

____ 16. Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7–2 above stores materials, such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates?

|a. |structure A |

|b. |structure B |

|c. |structure C |

|d. |structure D |

____ 17. Which organelles are involved in energy conversion?

|a. |mitochondria and chloroplasts |

|b. |mitochondria and ribosomes |

|c. |smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum |

|d. |Golgi apparatus and chloroplasts |

____ 18. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?

|a. |mitochondrion |

|b. |ribosome |

|c. |chloroplast |

|d. |smooth endoplasmic reticulum |

____ 19. You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?

|a. |plants |

|b. |animals |

|c. |fungi |

|d. |bacteria |

____ 20. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?

|a. |carbohydrates |

|b. |lipids |

|c. |bilipids |

|d. |proteins |

____ 21. An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes

|a. |water to move into the cell. |

|b. |water to move out of the cell. |

|c. |solutes to move into the cell. |

|d. |solutes to move out of the cell. |

____ 22. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?

|a. |diffusion |

|b. |osmosis |

|c. |facilitated diffusion |

|d. |active transport |

[pic]

Figure 7–5

____ 23. Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7–5 above?

|a. |endocytosis |

|b. |exocytosis |

|c. |facilitated diffusion |

|d. |protein pump |

| | |

| | |

____ 24. Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism?

|a. |cell specialization |

|b. |homeostasis |

|c. |organ system |

|d. |unicellularity |

____ 25. Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called

|a. |autotrophs. |

|b. |heterotrophs. |

|c. |thylakoids. |

|d. |pigments. |

____ 26. Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from external sources are called

|a. |autotrophs. |

|b. |heterotrophs. |

|c. |thylakoids. |

|d. |plants. |

____ 27. Which of the following organisms is a heterotroph?

|a. |mushroom |

|b. |alga |

|c. |wheat |

|d. |sunflower |

____ 28. What happens during photosynthesis?

|a. |Heterotrophs consume ATP. |

|b. |Heterotrophs produce ATP. |

|c. |Autotrophs consume carbohydrates. |

|d. |Autotrophs produce carbohydrates. |

___ 29. A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably

|a. |oxygen. |

|b. |carbon dioxide. |

|c. |ATP. |

|d. |glucose. |

____ 30. What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

|a. |6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy |

|b. |6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy → 6CO2 + 6H2O |

|c. |6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy |

|d. |6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6 |

____ 31. Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down

|a. |food molecules. |

|b. |ATP. |

|c. |carbon dioxide. |

|d. |water. |

____ 32. Which organism is NOT likely to carry out cellular respiration?

|a. |cypress tree |

|b. |button mushroom |

|c. |anaerobic bacterium |

|d. |Siberian tiger |

[pic]

Figure 9–1

____ 33. Using Figure 9–1, which pairing matches the structures shown in the cell diagrams with the processes that take place within those structures?

|a. |A: photosynthesis; B: cellular respiration |

|b. |C: photosynthesis; D: cellular respiration |

|c. |D: photosynthesis; E: cellular respiration |

|d. |E: photosynthesis; D: cellular respiration |

____ 34. Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in

|a. |animal cells only. |

|b. |plant cells only. |

|c. |prokaryotic cells only. |

|d. |all eukaryotic cells. |

____ 35. Which of the following happens when a cell divides?

|a. |The cell’s volume increases. |

|b. |It becomes more difficult for the cell to get get rid of wastes. |

|c. |Each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA. |

|d. |It becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients. |

____ 36. The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called

|a. |cell division. |

|b. |metaphase. |

|c. |interphase. |

|d. |mitosis. |

____ 37. An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction

|a. |takes less time |

|b. |requires more time |

|c. |provides genetic diversity |

|d. |produces identical offspring |

[pic]

Figure 10–1

____ 38. Which advantage of having the a cell’s DNA bundled into separate chromosomes is illustrated in Figure 10–1 above?

|a. |During DNA replication, the number of chromosomes is cut in half. |

|b. |During DNA replication, the number of chromosomes stays the same. |

|c. |During cell division, each daughter cell will get the same number of genes. |

|d. |During cell division, each daughter cell will get a random number of genes. |

____ 39. When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?

|a. |only during interphase |

|b. |only when they are being replicated |

|c. |only during cell division |

|d. |only during the G1 phase |

[pic]

Figure 10–5

____ 40. The structure labeled A in Figure 10–5 is called the

|a. |centromere. |

|b. |centriole. |

|c. |sister chromatid. |

|d. |spindle. |

| | |

| | |

____ 41. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?

|a. |prophase |

|b. |telophase |

|c. |metaphase |

|d. |anaphase |

____ 42. What is the role of the spindle fibers during mitosis?

|a. |They help separate the chromosomes. |

|b. |They break down the nuclear membrane. |

|c. |They duplicate the DNA. |

|d. |They make the chromosomes visible. |

____ 43. During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell that has four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing

|a. |two chromosomes. |

|b. |four chromosomes. |

|c. |eight chromosomes. |

|d. |sixteen chromosomes. |

____ 44. Cancer cells form masses of cells called

|a. |tumors. |

|b. |cyclins. |

|c. |growth factors. |

|d. |p53. |

____ 45. A mule is the result of a cross between a donkey and a horse. A mule is a

|a. |tetrad. |

|b. |phenotype. |

|c. |genotype. |

|d. |hybrid. |

____ 46. A heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that the offspring will be tall is

|a. |25%. |

|b. |50%. |

|c. |75%. |

|d. |100%. |

____ 47. Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to

|a. |plants only. |

|b. |animals only. |

|c. |pea plants only. |

|d. |all organisms. |

____ 48. A breed of chicken shows codominance for feather color. One allele codes for black feathers, another codes for white feathers. The feathers of heterozygous chickens of this breed will be

|a. |black. |

|b. |white. |

|c. |gray. |

|d. |speckled. |

| | |

____ 49. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called

|a. |multiple alleles. |

|b. |incomplete dominance. |

|c. |polygenic inheritance. |

|d. |multiple genes. |

____ 50. A cross of a black chicken (BB) with a white chicken (WW) produces all speckled offspring (BBWW). This type of inheritance is known as

|a. |incomplete dominance. |

|b. |polygenic inheritance. |

|c. |codominance. |

|d. |multiple alleles. |

____ 51. Gametes are produced by the process of

|a. |mitosis. |

|b. |meiosis. |

|c. |crossing-over. |

|d. |replication. |

[pic]

Figure 11–4

____ 52. What is shown in Figure 11–4?

|a. |independent assortment |

|b. |anaphase I of meiosis |

|c. |crossing-over |

|d. |replication |

____ 53. What reduces the number of chromosomes during meiosis?

|a. |Crossing-over occurs. |

|b. |Metaphase occurs. |

|c. |Replication occurs twice. |

|d. |Replication does not occur. |

____ 54. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

|a. |diploid cells. |

|b. |haploid cells. |

|c. |2N daughter cells. |

|d. |body cells. |

____ 55. What is formed at the end of meiosis?

|a. |two genetically identical cells |

|b. |four genetically different cells |

|c. |four genetically identical cells |

|d. |two genetically different cells |

____ 56. At the end of meiosis, there are

|a. |two haploid daughter cells. |

|b. |four haploid daughter cells. |

|c. |two diploid daughter cells. |

|d. |four diploid daughter cells. |

[pic]

Figure 12–1

____ 57. Which part of the bacteriophage in Figure 12–1 contains genetic material?

|a. |A |

|b. |B |

|c. |C |

|d. |D |

____ 58. What stores information in a cell?

|a. |proteins |

|b. |carbohydrates |

|c. |lipids |

|d. |DNA |

____ 59. What happens when a piece of DNA is missing?

|a. |Genetic information is stored. |

|b. |Genetic information is copied. |

|c. |Genetic information is lost. |

|d. |Genetic information is transmitted. |

____ 60. In what way is DNA like a book?

|a. |DNA has information organized with an kind of index. |

|b. |DNA has stored information that can be copied and passed on. |

|c. |DNA has information wrapped in an identifying cover. |

|d. |DNA has information that is periodically updated. |

____ 61. Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of

|a. |adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of guanine molecules. |

|b. |thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules |

|c. |adenine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of thymine molecules. |

|d. |cytosine molecules in DNA is much greater than the percentage of guanine molecules. |

|Nitrogenous Bases (%) |

| |A |G |T |C |

|Human | |19.9 |29.4 | |

|Chicken |28.8 | | |21.5 |

|Bacterium |2 | | | |

|(S. lutea) |13.4 | | | |

Figure 12–3

____ 62. The table in Figure 12–3 shows the results of measuring the percentages of the four bases in the DNA of several different organisms. Some of the values are missing from the table. Based on Chargaff’s rule, the percentages of guanine bases in chicken DNA should be around

|a. |28.8% |

|b. |19.9% |

|c. |21.5% |

|d. |13.4% |

____ 63. Based on Chargaff’s rule, the percentage of cytosine in the DNA of the bacterium, S. Lutea in Figure 12–3, should be around

|a. |26.6%. |

|b. |73.2%. |

|c. |36.6%. |

|d. |29.4%. |

____ 64. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases

|a. |TCGAAC. |

|b. |GATCCA. |

|c. |AGCTTG. |

|d. |GAUCCA. |

____ 65. In eukaryotes, DNA

|a. |is located in the nucleus. |

|b. |floats freely in the cytoplasm. |

|c. |is located in the ribosomes. |

|d. |is circular. |

____ 66. Which would be greater in a eukaryote than in a prokaryote?

|a. |The percentage of guanine nucleotides. |

|b. |The total number of base pairs in a chromosome. |

|c. |The number of replication forks on a strand of DNA. |

|d. |The total amount of DNA in a cell. |

[pic]

Figure 14–1

____ 67. According to Figure 14–1, what is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be female?

|a. |10% |

|b. |25% |

|c. |50% |

|d. |75% |

____ 68. Sex-linked genes are located on

|a. |the autosomal chromosomes. |

|b. |the X chromosome only. |

|c. |the Y chromosome only. |

|d. |both the X chromosome and the Y chromosome. |

____ 69. Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because the allele for colorblindness is

|a. |dominant and located on the X chromosome. |

|b. |recessive and located on the Y chromosome. |

|c. |recessive and located on the X chromosome. |

|d. |recessive and located on the Y chromosome. |

____ 70. Which of the following pairs of genotypes result in the same phenotype?

|a. |IAIA and IAIB |

|b. |IBIB and IBi |

|c. |IBIB and IAIB |

|d. |IBi and ii |

|Blood Types |

|Blood Type |Combination of Alleles |

|A |IAIA or IAi |

|B |IBIB or IBi |

|AB |IAIB |

|O |ii |

Figure 14–2

____ 71. Which piece of DNA would move fastest in gel electrophoresis? A segment that is

|a. |100 base pairs long. |

|b. |1,000 base pairs long. |

|c. |5,000 base pairs long. |

|d. |100,000 base pairs long. |

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