Biology Final Exam Study Guide - Simeon Ca



Biology Final Exam Study Guide

Use the following questions as a study guide for the final exam.

____ 1. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is ___________________________

____ 2. The phenotype of an organism is : ______________________________________

_______3. If an individual has two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be

_____________________________________________

____ 4. Binary fission is ___________________________________________

____ 5. Shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle __________________________________

[pic]

____ 6. . What is the order in which these events occur?

____ 7. Refer to the illustration above. During which stage do the centromeres divide?

____ 8. When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes: _______________________________

____ 9. The primary function of DNA is to: _______________________________________

____ 10. Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of______________________

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____ 11. The entire molecule shown in the diagram is called a(n)_______________

____ 12. The base-pairing rules state that the following are base pairs in DNA:________

____ 13. ATTG : TAAC :: Find the corresponding pairs

|a. |AAAT : TTTG |c. |GTCC : CAGG |

|b. |TCGG : AGAT |d. |CGAA : TGCG |

____ 14. During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be__________

____ 15. Which of the following is not found in DNA?

|a. |adenine |c. |uracil |

|b. |cytosine |d. |None of the above |

| | | | |

____ 16. A substance that causes cancer is known as __________________

____ 17. The X and Y chromosomes are called the ______________________

____ 18. A change in a gene due to damage or being copied incorrectly is called______________

____ 19. If a characteristic is sex-linked, it occurs mostly in ______________________

____ 20. People with Down syndrome have: _____________________________

____ 21. Cloning is a process by which_______________________________________

____ 22. A strand of DNA formed by the splicing of DNA from two different species is called: __________________________________________________________________

____ 23. PCR and DNA replication ( how are they similar/ different)

____ 24. A genome is _____________________________________________

____ 25. Legumes are plants with nodules on their roots containing bacteria that convert N2 gas into a form of nitrogen that plants can use. To accomplish this conversion, the bacteria carry out a process called __________________________________________________

____ 26. The age of Earth is estimated to be: __________________________________

____ 27. If the half-life of a radioactive isotope is 5,000 years, how much of the radioactive isotope in a specimen will be left after 10,000 years? (show work)

____ 28. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. How much of an initial amount of this substance would remain after 17,190 years, which is three half-lives? (Show work)

____ 29. Isotopes are forms of the same element that differ in _____________________

____ 30. The surface of Earth is protected from damaging ultraviolet light by ______________

____ 31. The science of classifying living things is called: ________________________________

____ 32. Taxonomy is defined as the science of: ______________________________________

____ 33. The organism Quercus phellos is a member of the genus __________________________

____ 34. Poison ivy is also known as Rhus toxicodendron. Its species identifier is _________________

____ 35. The red maple is also known as Acer rubrum. Its scientific name is____________________________

____ 36. Scientific names are written in what language? ___________________________

37. The correct order of the biological hierarchy from kingdom to species is: ____________________

____ 38. The lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the: ____________________

____ 39. The organism at the base of a phylogenetic tree is: __________________________

[pic]

____ 40. Refer to the illustration above. A branching diagram like the one shown is called a______________________

Phylogenetic Tree of the Six Kingdoms

[pic]

____ 41. Refer to the illustration above. The kingdom represented in box “B” is: _____________

____ 42. An organism that breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs, is in the kingdom: _________________

____ 43. Archaebacteria can be distinguished from eubacteria because of differences in their: _____________________________________________________

[pic]

____ 44. Refer to the illustration above. Which of the diagrams has a shape like the Bacillus bacterial genus?_____________________________

____ 45. Refer to the illustration above. The shape represented by Organism “C” is called: _____________

____ 46. When tested with a Gram stain, gram-positive bacteria are stained: _________________

____ 47. It is important to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in diagnosing a bacterial infection because: ___________________________________

____ 48. Which of the following comparisons is incorrect?

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

|a. |smaller larger |

|b. |circular chromosomes linear chromosomes |

|c. |binary fission mitosis |

|d. |chloroplasts mitochondria |

____ 49. One difference between human body cells and bacterial cells is that bacterial cells have: __________________________________________________

____ 50. What are bacterial endospores? __________________________________

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