Biology 2261



Biology 2261 Dr. Jerald D. Hendrix

Detailed Course Outline and Textbook Selections

Note: Textbook selections are from Microbiology: An Introduction, 6th ed., by Tortora, Funke, and Case (designated TFC in the outline). These selections provide an excellent supplement to the material covered in class (especially pictures and diagrams). In addition, students are encouraged to use the table of contents and the index to cross-reference the material. Please note that material may be covered in class that is not in the textbook, or the text may go into more detail than the lecture. On exams, students are responsible for the material covered in lectures.

I. Historical Introduction to Microbiology TFC, Chapter 1

A. The Discovery and Significance of Microorganisms

1. Discovery of Microorganisms

2. Spontaneous Generation vs Biogenesis

3. Microbes and Disease

4. Pure Culture Technique

5. Microbes and the Environment

B. Vaccines and Antimicrobial Therapy

1. Vaccines

2. Antimicrobial Therapy

C. Microbes and Industry

D. Emergent Diseases and the Post-Antibiotic Era

II. Classification of Microorganisms TFC, Chapters 1, 10 (pp 268-278), 13 (pp 360-363; 373-382)

A. Principles of Classification and Nomenclature

1. Taxonomy

2. Phylogenetic vs. Phenetic Classification Systems

3. Definition of “species” in microbiology

4. “Species” vs. “Strain”

5. Nomenclature

B. Eukaryotic Organisms

1. Eukaryotic Cells

2. Eukaryotic Kingdoms

C. Prokaryotic Organisms

1. Prokaryotic Cells

2. Prokaryotic Kingdoms

D. Viruses

1. Structure of a “Virus Particle”

2. Viral Replication

III. Infection and Disease TFC, Chapters 14 & 15

A. Definitions

1. Disease and Infectious Disease

2. Pathogenicity and Virulence

3. Acute Infection vs Chronic Infection

4. Primary Infection vs Secondary Infection

5. Localized Infection vs Systemic Infection

6. Clinical Infection vs Subclinical Infection

7. Opportunistic Infection

8. The suffix “-emia”

9. The suffix “-itis”

10. Epidemiology

11. Communicable, contagious, and noncommunicable

12. Endemic, epidemic, and pandemic

13. Reservoir of infection, carrier, fomites, and animal vectors

14. Direct Mechanisms of Disease Transmission

15. Indirect Mechanisms of Disease Transmission

B. The Normal Flora of Humans

1. Types of Symbiosis

2. Location of the Normal Flora

3. Benefits of the Normal Flora

4. Normal Flora and Opportunistic Infections

C. Generalized Stages of Infection

1. Entry of Pathogen

2. Colonization

3. Incubation period

4. Prodromal Symptoms

5. Invasive period

6. Decline of infection

7. Convalescence

D. Virulence Factors and Toxins

1. State of the Host Immune System

2. Number of Pathogenic Cells

3. Enzymatic Virulence Factors

4. Adhesion Factors

5. Exotoxins

6. Endotoxins

IV. Bacterial Structure and Growth TFC, Chapter 4, pp 76-98; Chapter 6, pp 154-162

A. Bacterial Cells: An Overview

1. Shapes and Arrangements

2. Sizes

B. Bacterial Cell Structures

1.     Capsules

2.     Cell Wall

3.     Plasma Membrane

4.     Cytoplasm & Cytoplasmic Inclusions

5.     Ribosomes

6.     Bacterial DNA

7.     Pili

8.     Flagella

9.     Spores

C. Factors that Influence Bacterial Growth

1. Growth vs Survival

2. Nutrient Requirements

3. Temperature

4. pH

5. Oxygen

V. Bacterial Diseases TFC Chapters 11 and 21-26 (“Bacterial Diseases” sections; pages corresponding to specific topics are listed below)

A. Airborne Bacterial Diseases

1. Streptococcal Diseases (pp 632-634; 604-606; 511; 563-564)

2. Diphtheria (pp 634-635)

3. Pertussis (pp 636-637)

4. Meningococcal Infections (pp 582-583)

5. Haemophilus influenzae Infections (pp 581-582; 642; 635)

6. Tuberculosis (pp 637-641)

7. Pneumococcal Pneumonia (pp 642; 583; 635)

8. Primary Atypical Pneumonia (p 643)

9. Legionellosis (pp 643-644)

B. Foodborne & Waterborne Bacterial Diseases

1. Foodborne Intoxications vs Infections

2. Botulism (pp 585-586)

3. Staphylococcal Food Poisoning (pp 663-664)

4. Clostridial Food Poisoning (p 671)

5. Typhoid Fever (pp 666-668)

6. Salmonellosis (pp 664-666)

7. Shigellosis (p 664)

8. Cholera (pp 668-669)

9. Diseases associated with Escherichia coli (pp 669-670)

10. Camphylobacteriosis and Helicobacteriosis (p 670)

C. Soilborne Bacterial Diseases

1. Anthrax (pp 607-608)

2. Tetanus (pp 584-585)

3. Gas Gangrene (pp 608-609)

4. Leptospirosis (pp 695-696)

5. Listeriosis (p 584)

D. Arthropodborne Bacterial Diseases

1. Plague (pp 609-611)

2. Lyme Disease (pp 611-613)

3. Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever (pp 614-615)

4. Epidemic Typhus (p 613)

5. Endemic Typhus (p 613)

E. Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Diseases

1. Syphilis (pp 701-704)

2. Gonorrhea (pp 697-700)

3. Chlamydia (pp 700-701)

4. Chanchroid (p 704)

F. Miscellaneous Bacterial Diseases

1. Leprosy (pp 587-588)

2. Staphylococcal Infections (pp 562-563)

3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections (pp 564-565)

VI. Viral Diseases TFC Chapters 13 (pp 360-363; 373-382) and 21-26 (“Viral Diseases” sections; pages corresponding to specific topics are listed below)

A. Influenza (pp 646-648; 568)

1. Properties

2. Symptoms and Complications of Influenza

B. Diseases Caused by the Herpes Family

1. Properties of the Herpes Virus Family

2. Herpes Simplex (pp 569-570)

3. Chicken pox & Shingles (pp 567-569)

4. Infectious Mononucleosis (pp 615-616)

5. Cytomegalovirus (pp 672-673)

C. Viral Hepatitis (pp 673-677)

1. Hepatitis A

2. Hepatitis B

3. Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis

D. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (pp 519-527)

1. Viral Properties

2. Transmission

3. HIV & AIDS

4. CDC Case Surveillance Definition for AIDS

5. Symptoms & Secondary Infections Associated with AIDS

E. Miscellaneous Viral Diseases

1. Miscellaneous Pneumotrophic Viruses (pp 635-636; p 645)

2. Miscellaneous Dermotrophic Viruses (pp 570-572; p 570)

3. Miscellaneous Viscerotrophic Viruses (p 677)

4. Miscellaneous Neurotrophic Viruses (pp 588-593)

5. Prion Diseases (pp 596-597)

VII. Fungal Diseases TFC Chapters 12 (pp 320-330) and 21-26 (“Fungal Diseases” sections; pages corresponding to specific topics are listed below)

A. Basic Properties of the Fungi

B. Candidiasis (p 573; 707)

C. Dermatomycoses (pp 572-573)

D. Respiratory Fungal Infections (pp 648-651)

VIII. Protozoan Diseases TFC Chapters 12 (pp 339-344) and 21-26 (“Protozoan Diseases” sections; pages corresponding to specific topics are listed below)

A. Basic Properties of Protozoa

B. Amebiasis (pp 678-679)

C. Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (pp 595-596)

D. Giardiasis (p 678)

E. Trichomoniasis (pp 707-708)

F. Balantidiasis (no pages)

G. Toxoplasmosis (pp 618-619)

H. Malaria (pp 619-621)

I. Cryptosporidiosis (p 679)

J. Pneumocystosis (pp 649-651)

IX. Selected Diseases caused by Multicellular Animal Parasites TFC Chapters 12 (pp 344-350) and 21-26 (“Helminthic Diseases” sections; pages corresponding to specific topics are listed below)

A. Diseases caused by Flatworms

1. Schistosomiasis (pp 622-624)

2. Tapeworms (pp 680-681)

B. Diseases caused by Roundworms (pp 681-683)

1. Ascariasis

2. Pinworms

3. Trichinosis

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