AVART-241 SYLLABUS&LAB - Microbiology 241



|COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF PHILADELPHIA |

| |

|BIOLOGY 241 |

|PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIOLOGY |

|LECTURE AND LABORATORY OUTLINES |

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|REQUIRED MATERIALS: |

|Microbiology, An Introduction, 11th Edition by Tortora, Funke and Case |

|Published by Pearson |

|Community College of Philadelphia Department of Biology |

|Bio 241Principles of Microbiology Laboratory Manual, A Custom Edition for Community College of Philadelphia. |

| |

|Dr. Linda W. Powell, Biology Department Head |

|Main Campus West Building Office: W2-5a |

|Fall and Spring Semester Office Hours: 9 AM to 5 PM, Monday - Friday |

|Summer I and II Semester Office Hours: 9 AM to 5 PM, Monday - Thursday |

|E-mail: lpowell@ccp.edu |

|Department Information: 215-751-8432 Fax: 215-751-8937 |

| |

|Student: _____________________________________ Course Reference Number: __________ |

|Professor: _____________________________________________________________________ |

|Office: ________ Office Hours: __________________________________________________ |

|Telephone: _________________________ Voice Mail: 215-751-8989 ____________# |

|E-mail: ______________________@ccp.edu and/or _______________________________ |

|Lecture day(s), time(s) and Room(s): _______________________________________________ |

|Lab day(s), Time(s) and Room: ____________________________________________________ |

CATALOG COURSE DESCRIPTION

BIOL 241 PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIOLOGY 3-2-4

Bacteria and viruses are studied. An emphasis is placed on the growth, metabolism, physiology and genetics of bacteria and viruses in lecture and laboratory experiences. Clinical aspects of selected microbes are discussed. Prerequisite: BIOL 106 or 107 or 109 or 123.

COURSE PHILOSOPHY

Principles of Microbiology is an upper level introductory science course. This course is often used to satisfy an applied science requirement for Allied Health students and/or as a transfer course to other colleges.

The purpose of microbiology is to provide students with an understanding of the classification, metabolism, and genetics of bacteria and viruses. Students will also experience the scientific process of investigation as it applies to the study of prokaryotic cells. In addition, the information that students are given is applied to the various aspects of medicine and biotechnology. Following the successful completion of this course, students will be prepared for further scientific study.

STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Students will be able to identify the contributions of Leeweenhoek, Jenner, Koch and

Pasteur in the early development of microbiology.

2. Students will be able to list the major biological classification categories.

3. Students will be able to list the different traits when comparing prokaryotic and

eukaryotic cells.

4. Students will be able to describe the general characteristics of bacteria.

5. Students will be able to list the different traits when comparing gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

6. Students will be able to distinguish between chemically defined and complex bacterial media.

7. Students will be able to describe the physical and chemical conditions required for

bacterial growth.

8. Students will be able to describe the four parts of the bacterial growth curve.

9. Students will be able to describe the general characteristics of viruses.

10. Students will be able to explain the steps in viral replication.

11. Students will be able to explain how enzyme participate in chemical reactions

12. Students will be able to list the steps of photosynthesis.

13. Students will be able to list the steps of aerobic respiration.

14. Students will be able to list the steps of fermentation.

15. Students will be able to describe the structure of RNA

16. Students will be able to describe the structure of DNA.

17. Students will be able to explain the process of DNA synthesis (Replication).

18. Students will be able to identify the major groups of mutagenic agents.

19. Students will be able to explain the process of RNA synthesis (Transcription).

20. Students will be able explain the process of protein synthesis (Translation).

21. Students will be able to explain the steps in bacterial transformation.

22. Students will be able to explain the steps in bacterial conjugation.

23. Students will be able to explain the steps in bacterial transduction.

24. Students will be able to explain the steps in genetic engineering.

25. Students will be able to list physical agents for the control of microorganisms.

26. Students will be able to list chemical agents for the control of microorganisms.

27. Students will be able to list chemotherapeutic agents for the control of

microorganisms.

28. Students will be able to describe non-specific human defenses against infection.

29. Students will be able to describe specific human defenses against infection.

31. Students will be able to describe the characteristics of food poisoning caused by Salmonella, Escherichia and Staphylococcus species of bacteria.

32. Students will be able to describe the characteristics of diseases caused by Treponema,

Borrelia and Streptococcus species of bacteria.

33. Students will be able to describe the characteristics of diseases caused by Influenza,

Hepatitis and Human Immunodeficiency viruses.

34. Students will be able to identify the steps needed to focus the microscope on

bacterial specimens.

35. Students will be able to describe the types of media used to culture bacteria in the laboratory. (Broth, agar slants/stabs, agar plates)

36. Students will be able to explain the steps in the direct staining procedure for bacteria?

37. Students will be able to explain the steps in the Gram staining procedure.

38. Students will be able to describe the types of media used to identify bacteria.

39. Students will be able to describe the steps used to isolate bacterial DNA.

40. Students will be able to describe the steps used in gel electrophoresis.

RESOURCES

Library, Main Campus Mint Building, M1-12, 215-751-8383:

- Fall and Spring Semesters: Monday through Friday, 8 AM-10 PM, Saturday, 8:30 AM-5 PM

- Summer I and II Semesters: Monday through Thursday, 8 AM-10 PM

West Learning Lab, Main Campus West Building, W3-26, 215-751-8482:

- Call for appointments or schedules for one-to-one and/or group tutoring and workshops.

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W3-45 Biology Open Lab, Main Campus West Building, 215-751-8809:

- Semester schedule to be posted and/or announced or call to make alternate arrangements.

POLICY OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY

All members of the college community are expected to obey public law and abide by college regulations. Students are expected to be well motivated and constructive in their pursuit of learning. Attendance of the College is a privilege, not a right. Students, through the act of registration, concede to the College, the right to dismiss any student at any time when it is deemed necessary in order to safeguard the College's ideals of scholarship and character, and to secure compliance with its regulations.

I. Academic Dishonesty

A. Cheating behaviors include, but are not limited to:

- examining or copying another student's answers during a test, exam, or practical exam

- examining or copying another student's paper or lab report

- bringing notes, etc. to class during testing (on a scrap of paper, cuffs, etc.)

- using a dictionary or other source during testing

- asking someone for the answers to test questions

- having another person take the test for you

- stealing or having in your possession without permission, any materials, belonging to or

generating from faculty, staff or students

B. Aiding another in committing an act of academic dishonesty includes, but is not limited to:

- willfully offering answers or information related to tests and examinations

- doing another student's assignment (in or outside of the classroom)

- taking a test for another student

- failing to report knowledge of another student cheating

C. Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

- copying from any source without quotation marks and appropriate documentation

- rewording an idea from a source but omitting documentation

- having another write for you or copying another student's work

- having another correct mistakes on your paper (suggested revisions are acceptable)

II. Faculty Rights

Sanctions available to faculty include, but are not limited to:

- requiring the student retake test or rewrite report

- drop the item in the calculation of the final grade or provide a substitute item in grading

- give the student a zero on the item

- drop the student's final grade by one letter

- administratively withdraw the student from the course (if before the ninth week)

- give the student a failing grade in the course

III. Student Rights

Students may appeal decisions regarding final grades as per college policy. A copy of student rights and obligations are available in the student handbook that is available from the Office of Student Life (M2-37). Please note that the Biology department's Committee of Academic Review of Evaluation will NOT hear cases of alleged academic dishonesty.

ATTENDANCE AND WITHDRAWAL POLICY

Students are expected to fulfill their academic obligation by attending all class and lab sessions, unless prevented from doing so by illness or other emergency. If a student misses the equivalent of two (2) weeks' work without an acceptable excuse, the teacher may file an administrative withdraw to remove the student from class. Individual faculty members have the right to establish attendance regulations, which may include reduced grades for students who miss class and/or lab.

A student may withdraw from class without penalty up to the ninth week of the semester. It is advised that a student discuss any plans regarding withdraw from class with their teacher before taking action. Failure to attend classes does not constitute a course al withdraw and will result in the assignment of a failing grade. Students who withdraw due to illness or some other emergency, should petition the Vice President of Student Affairs for an Excused Withdraw.

BIOLOGY 241 LECTURE OUTLINE

TOPICS [TEXT CHAPTERS]

I. INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY

A. The History of Microbiology [1]

1. The Discovery of Microorganisms

2. Spontaneous Generation vs. Biogenesis

3. The Germ Theory of Disease - Koch's Postulates

4. Birth of Chemotherapy

5. Later Advances in the Study of Microbes

B. Characterization, Classification and Identification of Microorganisms [10]

1. Major Characteristics of Microorganisms

a. Criteria for Classification

2. Taxonomy and Nomenclature

3. Methods of Classification and Identification

II. LABORATORY STUDY OF MICROORGANISMS

A. The Staining of Bacterial Cells [3]

1. Simple, Differential, and Special Stains

B. The Cultivation of Bacteria [6]

1. Nutritional Classification (Autotrophic Vs. Heterotrophic)

2. Media Types

a. Defined

b. Complex

c. Selective

d. Differential

3. Physical and Chemical Conditions Required For Growth

4. Pure Culture Methods

5. Reproduction and Growth of Bacteria

a. Growth Rate and Generation Time

b. Normal Growth Curve

6. Measurement of Bacterial Growth

III. SURVEY OF BACTERIA AND VIRUSES

A. Bacteria (Prokaryotes) [4]

1. Morphology and Structural Components

a. Bacterial Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane and Cell Wall

b. Molecular Basis of Penicillin Antibacterial Activity

c. The Glycocalyx

d. Appendages - Flagella and Pili

e. Inclusions

f. Endospores

2. Major Groups of Bacteria

a. Bacteria of Ecological, Industrial, and General Significance [27 & 28]

b. Bacteria of Medical Importance [21 – 26]

Representative Species of the Following Genera:

a) Treponema

b) Neisseria

c) Bordetella

d) Salmonella

e) Hemophilus

f) Staphylococcus

g) Streptococcus

h) Others: Optional, at the discretion of the professor, time permitting.

B. Viruses [13]

1. Morphology

2. Cultivation

3. Replication of Bacteriophages (Lytic Cycle/Lysogenic)

4. Replication of Animal Viruses

5. Classification

Viruses of Medical Importance [21 – 26]

a. Influenza

b. Herpes

c. Hepatitis

d. Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) - AIDS

e. Molecular Basis of Antiviral Chemotherapeutic Agents

f. Viruses and Cancer

g. Others: Optional, at the discretion of the professor, time permitting

IV. METABOLISM OF MICROORGANISMS [5]

A. Enzymes and Their Regulation

1. Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

2. Conditions Affecting Enzyme Activity

3. Enzyme Inhibition as an Antimicrobial Therapy Agent

B. Energy Release (Catabolism)

1. Energy - Characteristics and Measurement

2. Biological Oxidation (Dehydrogenation)

a. An Energetics Oriented Description of Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle

3. Electron Transfer (Electron Transport

a. Chemiosmotic Theory

4. Respiration (Aerobic) vs. Fermentation (Anaerobic)

a. Relative Phosphorylative Efficiencies

5. Alternate Pathways for Fermentation

C. Energy Utilization (Anabolism)

1. Use of Energy in Non-Biosynthetic Processes - Motility

2. Use of Energy for Biosynthesis of Organic Molecules

a. General Description - Light Dependent vs. Light Independent Photosynthesis

V. MICROBIAL GENETICS [8]

A. Nucleic Acids

1. DNA vs. RNA - A Comparison

2. Nucleic Acid Biosynthesis - General Description

3. Protein Synthesis

a. Antibacterial Inhibition of Bacterial Translation

4. Regulation and Expression of Gene Activity

a. Operon Theory - Lactose Induction

B. Genetics of Bacteria

1. Variability and Inheritance of Characteristics

2. Phenotypic vs. Genotypic Changes

3. Mutational Origin of Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotic Therapy

4. Bacterial Recombination

a. Conjugation

b. Transformation

c. Transduction

d. Plasmids and Transposons

VI. Biotechnology and DNA Technology [9]

1. The Isolation of a Gene

a. The Production of Medically Important Proteins

2. Formation of a Chimera

a. Restriction Endonucleases

b. Ligation

3. A Choice of Vectors

a. Plasmids

b. Viruses

4. Selection - Engineered Cells

a. Selective Media – LB/Amp/X-gal

VII. CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS [7]

A. Fundamentals of Control

1. Terminology

2. Pattern and Rate of Bacterial Death

3. Mode of Action of Antimicrobial Agents

B. Control by Physical Agents

C. Control by Chemical Agents

VIII. Antimicrobial Drugs [20]

IX. MICROORGANISMS AND DISEASE-HOST RESISTANCE TO INFECTION

A. Host-Microbe Interactions [15]

1. Mutualism and Commensalism

2. Pathogenicity

3. Microbial Virulence Factors

4. Factors Influencing Infection and Transmission of Communicable Diseases

B. Host Resistance

1. Natural Resistance and Non - Specific Defense Mechanisms [16]

2. Specific Defense Mechanisms - Acquired Immunity [17]

a. Active vs. Passive Immunity

b. Antigens and Antibodies

1) Properties of Antigens

2) Functional Classification of Antibodies

3) Function of T and B Cells

X. Hypersensitivities (Immediate Type vs. Delayed Type) [19]

XI. Representative and Relevant Diseases of Various Body Systems [21-26]

time permitting (selected from the referenced chapters by the professor)

|Lab Session |Date |Topic |Exercise # (pages) |

|1 |1/14 |Lab Safety, Microscopy Examination of Stained cell |Handouts, 1 |

| | |Preparations (optional hand washing or environmental sampling)| |

|2 |1/21 |Living Microorganisms (optional continue looking at slides or |2 (pp. 1-14) |

| | |env. sampling) | |

|3 |1/28 |Culture Transfer Techniques; Techniques for isolation of pure |3, 4, (pp. 15-23; 37-48; omit Part B |

| | |cultures |(Isolation of pure cultures) of lab 4 on |

| | | |pp. 24-26) |

|4 |2/4 |Preparation of Bacterial smears Simple staining; Negative |7, 8, 9, (pp. 49-74) |

| | |staining | |

|5 |2/11 |Gram stain; Differential staining for visualization of |10, 11 |

| | |bacterial cell structures | |

|6 |2/18 |Use of differential, selective and enriched media; |12-15 (pp. 75-108) |

| | |Carbohydrate Fermentation; Triple Sugar-Iron Agar Test; IMViC | |

| | |Test | |

|7 |2/25 |Evaluating results of 12-15 (optional lab exam) | |

|No labs |3/4 |Spring break |N/A |

|8 |3/11 |Use of Differential/Selective media to ID unknown cultures |12-15 (pp. 75-108) |

|9 |3/18 |Evaluating results of ID of Unknowns; AB resistance |12-15 (pp. 75-108) |

|10 |3/25 |Bacterial Transformation |17 (pp. 121-128) |

|11 |4/1 |Isolation of Bacterial Plasmids (or start transformations). |18-19 (pp. 129-142) |

| | |Restriction analysis (or start plasmid isolation—no gels) | |

|12 |4/8 |Electrophoretic Separation of DNA (or combine with restriction|19 (pp. 142-148) |

| | |analysis) | |

Biology 241

SPRING 2014

Lab Schedule

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