Loudoun County Public Schools / Overview



Name:___________________ AP World History Block:______SOL Review Day 3WWISummary: World War 1 (1914-1918) was caused by competition among industrial nations in Europe and a failure of diplomacy. The War transformed European and American life, wrecked the economies of Europe and planted the seeds for a Second World WarCauses MAINLeaders Woodrow Wilson Kaiser Wilhelm II The Spark:Turning point 1:Two fronts:The exitOutcomes and global effectsTreaty of VersaillesNicholas IIRussian RevolutionSummary: Tsarist Russia entered World War I as an absolute monarchy with sharp class divisions between the nobility and the peasants. The grievances of workers and peasants were not resolved by the Tsar. Inadequate administration in World War I led to revolution and an unsuccessful provisional government. A second revolution by the Bolsheviks created the communist state that ultimately became the U.S.S.R. Revolution of 1917 Causes Defeated in the Russo-Japanese War Landless peasantry Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas IIMilitary defeats and high casualties in World War IRussian Revolutions of 1917Abdication of Czar NicholasFailure of provisional governmentGrowing power of the sovietsLenin’s return to RussiaBolshevik takeover under Lenin Effects Civil War Czar and his family killed-end of czarist rule Peace with Germany under Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918)Bolshevik control of government Lenin’s RuleNew Economic Policy:Lenin’s successor:____________________________________________Inter War PeriodSummary 1: After World War I, international organization and agreements were established to avoid future conflicts.Weakness of the League of Nations:League of NationsInternational cooperative organizationEstablished to prevent future wars United States not a member (President Wilson’s envision) The Mandate SystemDuring ___________________________, Great Britain and France agreed to divide large portions of the _____________________________________ in the _____________________________________between themselves.The division of the Ottoman Empire through the mandate system, planted the seeds for future conflicts in the Middles East After the war, the “mandate system” gave Great Britain and France control over lands that became Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine (British controlled) and Syria and Lebanon (French Controlled)The Great Depression Summary: A period of uneven prosperity in the decade following World War I (the 1920’s) was followed by worldwide depression in the 1930’s. Depression weakened Western democracies, making it difficult for them to challenge the threat of Totalitarianism. Impact:CausesGerman reparationsExpansion of Production capacities and dominance of the United states in the global economiesHigh protective tariffsExcessive expansion of creditStock market crash of 1929Rise of Dictatorial RegimesSummary: Economic disruptions following WWI led to unstable political conditions. Worldwide depression in the 1930’s provided opportunities for the rise of dictators in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy and japan. A communist dictatorship was established by Vladimir Lenin and continued by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. The Treaty of Versailles worsened economic and political conditions in Europe and led to the rise of Totalitarian regimes in Italy and Germany. Japan emerged as a world power after WWI and conducted aggressive imperialistic policies in Asia. Match the characteristic of the following leader rises and actions.Joseph StalinAdolf HitlerBenito MussoliniHirohito and Hideki Tojo Inflation and depression Democratic government weakenedExtreme nationalism Was part of the National Socialism (Nazism)German occupation of nearby countriesFirst in the rise of fascismAmbition to restore glory of RomeInvasion of Ethiopia Communism Five-year plans, collectivization, Secret policeGreat PurgeMilitarismIndustrialization of Japan, leading to drive for raw materialsInvasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of ChinaWhy did Doctorial governments emerge in Germany, Italy, Japan and the USSR after WWI?How did these regimes affect the world following WWI?World War IISummary:Many economic and political causes led to WWII. Major theaters of the War included Africa, Europe Asia and the Pacific Island. Leadership was essential to the Allied victory.Economic and Political causes of World War IIAggression by totalitarian states:______________________________________________________________NationalismFailures of the treaty of VersaillesWeakness of the league of NationsAppeasement:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Tendencies towards isolationism and pacifism in Europe and the United StatesSpecific EventsMajor Events of the War (1939-1945)German invasion of PolandFall of FranceBattle of Britain______________________________________________________________________________________________________________German invasion of the Soviet Union______________________________________________________________________________________________________________Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor_______________________________________________________D-DayAllied invasion of Europe.Atomic Bombs dropped on Hiroshima and NagasakiMajor Leaders of the War Franklin D. Roosevelt : US presidentHarry Truman: US president after the death of FDRDwight D. Eisenhower: Allied commander in Europe Douglas Mac Author: US generalGeorge G. Marshall: US GeneralWinston Churchill: British Prime MinisterJoseph Stalin: Soviet DictatorAdolf Hitler: Nazi dictator of Germany Hideki Tojo: Japanese General Hirohito: Emperor of JapanNew stragies and invasions:Blitz:Total WarOutcome of the War Loss of Empires by European powersEstablishment of two major powers in the World: United States and USSRWar crime trials. Nuremburg TrialsDivision of Europe, iron CurtainDivision of Germany and BerlinEstablishment of the United Nations:____________________________________________________________The Universal Declaration of Human RightsMarshall Plan: ___________________________________________________________________________________________Formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Warsaw Pact Which are ___________________________________________________________________Holocaust and GenocideSummary: There had been a climate of hatred against Jews in Europe and Russia for centuries. Various instances of genocide occurred throughout the twentieth century.Genocide:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Elements leading to the HolocaustTotalitarian combined with nationalismHistory of anti-semitism:______________________________________________________________________Defeat in WWI and economic depression blamed on German JewsHitler’s belief of the master race.Final solution: Extermination camp, gas chambers.Other Examples Armenians by leaders of the Ottoman EmpirePeasants, government and military leaders and members of the elite in the Soviet Union by Joseph StalinGeorge MarshallArtist, technicians, former government officials, monks, minorities and other educated individuals by Pol Pot in CambodiaTutsi minority by Hutu on RwandaReconstruction after WWIIMarshall Plan: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Reconstruction of JapanReconstruction of Germany The Universal Declaration of Human RightsEstablished and adopted by members of the United NationsProvided a code of conduct for the Treatment of people under the protection of their government The Cold War Summary: Competition between the united States and the USSR laid the foundation of the Cold War. The Cold War influenced the policies of the United States the USSR towards other nations and conflicts around the world. The Presence of Nuclear weapons has influenced patterns of conflict and cooperation’s since 1945. Communism failed as an economic system in the Soviet Union and elsewhere. Beginnings of the Cold War (1945- 1948)The Yalta Conference and the Soviet control of Eastern EuropeYalta Conference:_______________________________________________________________________Rivalry between the United States and the USSRDemocracy and the free enterprise system v. Dictatorship and communism.Presidents Truman and the policy of ContainmentEastern Europe: Soviet Satellites nations, the Iron CurtainCharacteristics of the Cold War (1948- 1989)Match the definition/ characteristic and event together. Some will have more than one explanation.Fighting between Communist north and non-communist southWall build to stop refugees from escaping to the west Division between West (UK, France and United States) and east. (USSR)Blockaded the Western part of the CityNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Warsaw pact.Korean WarBuildup of Nuclear weapons to intimidate your enemy not to attack youVietnam War38th parallelMilitary Alliance between countries with similar economic structuresUSSR and US provide aid to competing sidesBerlin and the Berlin WallCuban Missile CrisisCommunist North WonUSSR allied with communist Cuba. USSR Places Missions in Cuba and Unites States place missiles in TurkeyNuclear Weapons and the theory of DeterrenceCollapse of Communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern EuropeThe Soviet economic collapse forced them to_______________________________________________________Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countriesTearing down of the Berlin Wall symbolized the ending of the Cold War.Breakup of the USSR- the republics that had been part of the Soviet Union began declaring their independence and breaking awayExpansion of NATO Contaiment:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Conflicts and Revolutions in China and VietnamSummary: Japanese occupation of European colonies in Asia heightened demands for independence after WWII. After WWII, the United States pursued a policy of containment against communism. This policy included the development od regional alliances against soviet and Chinese aggression. The Cold War led to armed conflict in Korea and Vietnam.ChinaFill in the blanksCivil War between ________________________ and ________________________________The __________________________________ fled to Taiwan at the end of the civil war.Led by Chiang Kai-shek Established nationalist China in TaiwanThe __________________________________ established a communist China on the main landLed by Mao Tse-Tung (Mao Zedong)Communist China participated in the Korean WarVietnamRole of French ImperialismHo Chi MinhVietnam divided between Communist North and Non-communist southHow was Vietnam influenced by the policy of containment? Vietnam War was_________________________________ v. _____________________________________US involvement in the War:Outcome: Vietnam was reunited as a communist state and continues to be a communist country today.People of the Cold War:Indira GandhiCloser relationship between India and the Soviet Union during the Cold WarDeveloped nuclear programMargaret ThatcherBritish Prime minsterFree trade and less gov. regulation of businessAssertion of UK’s military powerMikhail GorbachevLast president of Soviet UnionImplemented the policy on Glasnost and perestroikaDang Xiaoping Reformed Communist China’s economy to a market economy leading to rapid growthContinued communist control of gov. Independence Movements India’s independence movementSummary: British policies and India’s demand for self-rule led to the rise of the Indian independence movement, resulting in the creation of new states in the Indian sub-continent. The Republic of India, a democratic nation, developed after the country gained independence. Label: India, PakistanCause of the Indian IndependenceBritish rule in IndiaCreation of the Indian National CongressLeadership of Mohandas Gandhi Pushed for civil disobedience and passive resistancePolitical division along Hindu-Muslim lines- Pakistan/ IndiaRepublic of IndiaWorld’s largest democratic nationFederal system, giving many powers to the statesIndian Democracy Jawaharlel Nehru, a close associate of Gandhi, supported western-style industrialization.1950 Constitution sought to prohibit caste decimation.Ethnic and religious differences caused problems in the development of India as a democratic nation.New economic developNew economic development has helped has helped to ease financial problems of the nationAfrican Independence MovementSummary: The Charter of the United Nations guaranteed colonial populations the right to self-determination. Independence movements in Africa challenged European Imperialism.Examples:West Africa: Peace transitionsAlgeria: War of Independence from FranceKenya (British): Violent struggle under the leadership of Jomo KenyattaSouth Africa: Black South Africans’ struggle against apartheid led by Nelson Mandela, who became the first black president of the Republic of South AfricaCharacteristic of African independent movementsWhy did independence movement in Africa gain success after World War II?Middle East Independence Movement Summary: The mandate system established after WWI was phased out after WWII. With the end of the mandates, new states were created in the Middle East.Origins:Established by the League of NationsGranted independence after WWIIResulted in Middle East conflicts created by religious differencesLabel the British and France ColoniesEgyptGamal Abdul NasserPresident of EgyptNationalized Suez Canal to EgyptEstablished relationship with Soviet UnionBuilt Aswan High DamIsrael Golda MeirAfter initial setbacks, led Israel to victory in Yom Kipper WarPrime Minister:Sought support of United StatesIssues in development and developing nations in today’s worldSummary: Developed and Developing nations face many challenges. These include migrations, ethnic and religious conflicts and the impact of new technologies.Northern Ireland:Conflicts between Catholic and Protestants:Irish Republican Army assassinated Lord Mountbatten, a member of the British royal family, by blowing up his boat off the Irish coast, August 30. Migrations:Refugees in international conflictsMigrations of “guest workers” to European citiesEthnic and religious conflictsSouth AsiaConflicts between Pakistan and IndiaConflicts between Israel and PastiniansBalkinHorn of AfricaImpact of new TechnologiesWidespread by unequal access to computers and instantaneous communicationGenetic engineering and bioethicsWhat new technologies have created opportunities and challenges?New challenges Summary: Developed and developing nations are characterized by different levels of economic development population characteristics and social conditions. Economic development and the rapid growth of population are having an impact on the environment. Sound economic conditions contribute to a stable democracy, and political freedom helps foster economic development.Differences between developed and developing nationsGeographic locations of major developed and developing countriesEconomic conditionsEconomic conditionsSocial conditions (literacy, access to Health care)Population size and rat of growthFactors affecting environment and societyEconomic developmentRapid population growthEnvironmental challengesSocial challengesPollutionLoss of habitatGlobal climate changePovertyPoor healthIlliteracyFamineMigrationRelationship between economic and political freedomFree market economies produce rising standards of living and an expanding middle class, which produced growing demands for political freedoms and individual rights. Recent examples include Taiwan and South Korea.Economic InterdependenceSummary: the countries of the world are increasingly dependent on each other for raw materials, markets, and financial resources, although there is still a difference between the developed and developing nations.Economic interdependence.Rise and influences of multinational corporationsRapid transportation, communication and computer networks allowed for the rise of multinational corporationsExamplesEuropean UnionNorth American free trade Agreement (NAFTA)World Trade Organization (WTO)United Nations (UN)International Monetary Fund (IMF)Tariff-free trade among European nations.Elimination of tariffs and trade restrictions among Canada, the United States, and Mexico.Established to supervise free trade. International organization was intended to protect the members against aggression. Offers loans to countries in financial crisis.TerrorismBoth developed and developing nations of the world have problems that are brought about by inequities in their social, cultural, and economic systems. Some individuals choose to deal with these unequal conditions through the use of terrorist activities. Terrorism is the use of violence and threats to intimidate and coerce for political reasons. A major cause of terrorism is religious extremism. Examples:Munich OlympicsTerrorist attacksCar bombingsSuicide bombersAirline hijackersGovernmental ResponsesSurveillanceReview of privacy rightsSecurity at ports and airportsIdentification badges and photos ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download