Define biology
Supplement to lecture exam#2 Ch. 4, 5, 6 and parts of 8
Note that not all material is included in this list and your best study guide are your lecture notes!
Chapter 4
Definition of metabolism
What is cellular respiration?
State the first and second laws of thermodynamics-
Understand that energy from the sun fuels almost all of life on earth.
Know that chemical reactions in the cell either require or release energy
Understand that energy is stored in chemical bonds
Know the three major processes in cell metabolism, where they occur and major products of each.
Glycolysis- glucose- pyruvate
Kreb cycle
Electron transport system
Define activation energy
Define ATP
Know the definition and function of enzymes
Know the factors that affect enzyme functioning
Define selective permeability and state the importance in cell membranes
Diffusion
Osmosis
Concentration gradient
Tonicity-
isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic solutions and how and why it affects the cell shape
active transport compared to passive transport
aerobic
anaerobic
fermentation
Explain the function of electron carriers (NADH and FADH) and where they are produced
Chapter 5
Know the chemical reaction and process of photosynthesis
Know the major reactants and products of each major process of photo-synthesis
(Light dependent and light independent- Calvin cycle)
Dark reaction
Carbon fixation
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Chloroplast, stroma, thylakoid membrane, and chlorophyll
Explain the function of electron carriers (NADH and FADH)
Chapter 6
Define the term chromosome and sister chromatid
Centromere
Histones
DNA double helix shape
Know the components of a Nucleotide
Know the nucleotide strand backbone (sugar-phoshpate-sugar-phosphate)
Know the four DNA Nitrogenous bases
Know Nucleotide base pairing rules
What is a Karyotype
Know the total number of chromosomes in a human body cell.
Know the total number of chromosomes in a human sex (gamete) cell
Compare and contrast autosomes and sex chromosomes
Know the difference in sex chromosomes of males versus females
Draw a simple representation of two parent DNA strands, two separated strands and two strands that have replicated from the parents.
Understand the cells replicate their DNA (create sisters chromatid) before they divide during interphase of the cells life cycle
Chapter 8
Interphase
Diploid
Haploid
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Alleles
Zygote
Egg
Sperm
Fertilization
Crossing over
Gamete
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
Compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
Why is mitosis considered conservative cell replication?
Why is meiosis considered division reduction cell replication?
Difference in male and females produce gametes.
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