George Westinghouse College Prep



AP World History

Semester 1 Study Guide

As with our unit exams, the semester final exam will assess a tremendous amount of material. Rather than trying to remember every single detail, it is strongly recommended that you use organizational tools (5 themes charts, SPRITE charts, Conrad-Demarest charts, maps, timelines) to help sort out all of the information.

For reviewing units 1 and 2, it is highly recommended that you review the chapter reading guides from those roughly 13 chapters. Those are all posted online. Please DO NOT print them on the library printer.

For short summaries that get across main ideas clearly in plain language, there are two places that I recommend:

1) Your AP World History review book—in addition to their summaries of each time period and/or region (every book is arranged differently), these books have tips for how to go about studying. These are invaluable resources.

2) A very generous teacher named Ms. Pugh has posted all of her WHAP materials online at . For each region she has what she calls a ‘cram packet.’ Use this as a resource, along with your textbook and notes, but PLEASE DO NOT PRINT THIS OUT ON THE SCHOOL’S PRINTERS!!!! If you want to print it, use your own paper (and try to use recycled paper).

Unit 1: 8000 BCE-500 BCE

Big ideas:

1) Compare and contrast the major SPICE characteristics of Paleolithic societies with early Neolithic societies.

2) Describe the causes and effects of the Neolithic Revolution.

3) Identify the major characteristics of complex civilizations.

4) Compare and contrast the SPICE features of the six First Civilizations—Nile Valley, Mesopotamia, Shang/Zhou China, Indus Valley, Olmec and Norte Chico.

5) Explain the essential role of urban centers (cities) in the rise of civilization.

Places (be able to identify on a map, and know their significance in the beginnings of agriculture and the rise of civilizations):

Mesopotamia/Fertile Crescent Indus Valley (Mohenjo Daro/Harappa)

Shang/Zhou China Mesoameria (Olmecs)

Norte Chico Nile Valley (Egypt)

Terms

ziggurat pharaoh ‘Mandate of Heaven’ city-state

divine civilization polytheism/monotheism domestication

patriarchy social hierarchy Paleolithic/Neolithic Nomad/nomadic specialization of labor Hammurabi’s Code egalitarian irrigation

food surplus urban diffusion migration

pastoral cuneiform hieroglyphics Hittities

Sumerians Assyrians

Unit 2: 500 BCE-600 CE

Big ideas:

1) How and where did the following empires emerge: Persian, Greek (Athenian), Macedonian, Han, Roman, Mauryan/Gupta, Mayan?

2) What new methods of administration were used by the above empires to organize and govern their empires?

3) What new military methods were used by the above empires to conquer and rule over large territories?

4) What were the main factors contributing to the collapse of the above empires?

5) How, where and when did the following belief systems emerge: Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity? How, where and when did they spread?

6) What were the major tenets of each of the above belief systems?

7) Describe the social hierarchies that developed in India, China, Greece and Rome during this era.

8) Describe changes and continuities in the system of patriarchy in China, Greece, India and Rome during this era.

9) Describe the growing importance of regional and transregional trade, with a focus on the Silk Road and the Indian Ocean trade network. What innovations contributed to the growth of trade?

10) Describe the major developments in Sub-Saharan Africa during this era: continued Bantu migration, growth of Niger River city-states, rise and fall of Meroe and Axum.

11) Compare the regional civilizations of the Americas during this era: Maya, Teotihuacan, Chavin, Moche, Cahokia.

12) Evaluate the ways in which Classical Era civilizations were different from the ‘first wave’ civilizations (changes) and the ways in which they were similar (continuities).

Places (be able to identify on a map and understand their significance in the Classical Era):

Alexandria Persian Empire Athens/Sparta Macedonian Empire

Mayan Empire Mauryan/Gupta Empire Chavin Moche

Teotihuacan Cahokia Roman Empire Han China

Terms

Classical Age/Era bureaucracy Confucianism Brahmin

Han dynasty Qin dynasty Hinduism Buddhism

reincarnation moksha caste system/varna Nirvana

monotheism Zoroastrianism Judaism Christianity

filial piety Legalism Daoism mandate of heaven

Greco- Persian War Peloponnesian War Hellenism Silk Road

Era of Warring States republic Four Noble Truths Pax Romana

empire/imperial Analects of Confucius Bantu migration

People:

Cyrus the Great Emperor Constantine Pericles Julius Caesar

Octavius Augustus Socrates Plato Aristotle

Alexander of Macedonia Ashoka Jesus of Nazareth Confucius

Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

Important Dates (for most of these, approximate dates is fine—but you should be able to order them on a timeline)

Height of Persian power Golden Age of Athens Alexander the Great’s regin

Height of Roman Empire Beginning of Christianity Fall of Roman Empire

Beginning of Confuciansim Beginning of Buddhism Qin/Han dynasty

Unit 3: 600-1450

Big ideas:

1) Growth of transregional trade routes—what were the key trade routes? What major goods were traded over these routes? What role did trade routes play, outside of commerce (e.g. religion, disease)? What factors led to the growth of transregional trade between 500 and 1500?

2) What were the major political, economic, technological and cultural developments of the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties?

3) Describe the relationships that developed between China and its neighbors. How were these relationships either similar or different?

4) Compare and contrast western Europe with the Byzantine Empire politically, economically and religiously.

5) How did the system of feudalism work? What was it designed to accomplish?

6) What major political, economic and intellectual changes were taking place in Europe between 1000 and 1300?

7) Compare and contrast the belief systems of Islam and Christianity.

8) How, why and where did Islam spread between its founding (in 622) and approximately 1450?

9) Describe the major economic, scientific and cultural contributions of the Islamic world between 650 and 1450.

10) Mongol conquest and rule—how did they create their empire and what was their impact?

11) Compare and contrast China and Europe in the 15th century culturally, economically and politically.

12) Compare and contrast the Aztec and Inca socially, politically and economically.

13) Compare and contrast the development of civilizations in East and West Africa between 500 and 1500.

Places (be able to identify on a map and understand their significance in the Classical Era):

Byzantine Empire Arabian Peninsula Delhi Sultanate Anatolia

Ghana/Mali/Songhai East African city-states Korea Japan

Aztec empire Inca empire Holy Roman Empire

Terms

post-Classical Era patriarchy bureaucracy Confucianism

Islam/Muslim Christianity Buddhism centralized/decentralized

Swahili Silk Road Indian Ocean trade network Sunni/Shi’ite

caliph/caliphate Five Pillars Crusades Ummayad/Abbasid calpiphate

Black Death Sui dynasty Tang dynasty Song dynasty

Yuan (Mongol) dynasty Ming dynasty feudalism pastoralism

clergy aristocracy foot binding Neo-Confucianism

tribute system Renaissance humanism pope/papacy

silk/porcelain Grand Canal movable type lateen sail

Arabic (language) guilds manor fief

serf vassal lord magnetic compass

People:

Muhammad Zheng He Chinggis Khan Mongols

Arabs Turks Marco Polo Inca

Aztec Mansa Musa Vasco de Gama Vikings

Prince Vladimir (Rus) Charlemagne Ibn Battuta

Important Dates (for most of these, approximate dates is fine—but you should be able to order them on a timeline)

Conquests of the Mongols Sui/Tang/Song/Yuan/Ming dynasties Birth/spread of Islam

Black Death Crusades Italian Renaissance

Unit 4: 1450-1750

Big ideas:

1) What were the major causes and effects of the Protestant Reformation?

2) Describe the social, political and economic components of the pre-Tokugawa and Tokugawa Shogunate eras in Japan.

3) Analyze the factors that led to the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade, and compare/contrast slavery in the Americas with previous forms of slavery in history.

4) Identify the motives for European exploration between 1400 and 1600. How did these motives change and/or stay the same upon ‘discovery’ of the Americas?

5) Compare/contrast European empires in Asia and the Americas, and explain the reasons for these similarities and differences.

6) Analyze the effects of gunpowder in western Europe, the Indian Ocean, Russia, West Africa, Mughal India,

and North America.

7) Compare and contrast the religious policies of the rulers of the Ottoman Empire and Mughal Empire.

8) Describe changes and continuities in European labor systems in the Americas and explain the reasons for both.

9) Identify the new ideas about science, religion and government that were raised during the Scientific Revolution, Protestant Reformation and Enlightenent.

10) Compare and contrast the sugar colonies, New Spain/Peru and British North America, using all of the SPICE categories.

11) Describe the impact of Europeans on China and Japan and compare/contrast it with the European impact on West/East Africa and the Americas.

Terms:

transatlantic slave trade Triangular Trade Tokugawa Shogunate

daimyo Neo-Confucianism Protestant Reformation

vernacular printing press Calvinism

Catholic Church/Catholicism pope/papacy/papism Ming/Qing dynasty

missionaries mercantilism humanism

colony/colonialism Potosi silver mines caravel

astrolabe/compass British East India Company Dutch East India Company

Catholic (Counter-) Reformation peninsulare/crole/mestizo/mulatto serf/serfdom

Scientific Revolution Enlightenment settlement colony

trading post colony plantation economy encomienda system

Columbian Exchange

Places:

New Spain British North America Brazil West Indies/Caribbean

Portugal Spain England/Great Britain The Netherlands (Dutch)

Japan Ming/Qing China Ottoman Empire Mughal Empire

Russia Haiti Constantinople

People:

Martin Luther John Calvin King Henry VIII

Jesuits Galileo Nicholas Copernicus

Isaac Newton Rene Descartes Aztec/Montezuma

Inca/Atahualpa Czar Peter the Great Vasco de Gama

Ferdinand Magellan Akbar the Great Suleiman the Magnificent

Chrisopher Columbus

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