Compensatory responses drug tolerance drug withdrawal ...

Consciousness

LP 4D Drugs and alcohol 1 05/07/19

Consciousness: Personal awareness of mental activities, internal sensations, and the external environment.

? Cycles of Consciousness: Circadian Rhythms and Sleep ? Dreams and Mental Activity During Sleep ? Sleep Disorders ? Hypnosis ? Meditation ? Psychoactive Drugs

o Category of drugs o Neurotransmitters (see chapter 2: Biological Foundations of Behavior) o compensatory responses

drug tolerance drug withdrawal accidental drug overdoses o Reciprocal determinism (see chapter 10: Personality)

Psychoactive Drugs

LP 4D Drugs and alcohol 2 05/07/19

Psychoactive drug: A drug that alters consciousness, perception, mood, and behavior (page 146).

Your textbook lists four broad categories of psychoactive drugs ? Depressants: Drugs that depress, or inhibit, brain activity.

? Opioids: Drugs that are chemically similar to morphine and relieve pain and produce euphoria.

? Stimulants: Drugs that stimulate, or excite, brain activity.

? Psychedelic Drugs: Drugs that distort sensory perception.

Image source: Carpenter and Huffman

LP 4D Drugs and alcohol 3 05/07/19

1. What are the neurotransmitters from chapter 2? 2. Which class of drugs probably affects these neurotransmitters?

See Mark Harris and Toni Fudge for more specific information on psychopharmacology.

Drug effects

LP 4D Drugs and alcohol 4 05/07/19

Drug tolerance: A tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect.

Drug withdrawal: The experience of strong reactions opposite to those produced by the drug.

Compensatory responses can help explain these experiences that most people are familiar with and

An unexpected observation that 1. experienced drug users who die of a drug overdose 2. without increasing their normal dose 3. while consuming drugs in a different location like a park, bathroom, or alleyway.

Compensatory Responses

LP 4D Drugs and alcohol 5 05/07/19

When people use drugs, the body and brain attempts to maintain homeostasis by reducing the effects of the drug and produces reactions that are opposite to that of the drug.

Compensatory A reaction by the body to drugs in an attempt to maintain a

responses:

state of homeostasis.

Homeostasis

Image source: unknown

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