Paired- and Independent-Samples t Tests

test: df = N − 1 paired-samples t. test: N = df + 1 The t. statistic appears to the left of the degrees of freedom. The value of 6.913 for the t statistic in Figure 13.2 indicates the sample difference in means is almost 7 standard errors to the right of where the null hypothesis says the center of the sampling distribution is. How likely is ... ................
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