Chapter 1: Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physics



Physic Formula SheetChapter 1: Introduction: The Nature of Science and Physicsx=-b±b2-4ac2aRadius of Earth=6.38×106 mMass of Earth=5.98×1024 kgG=6.673×10-11Nm2kg2Density of water=1000kgm3c=3.00×108msChapter 2: KinematicsΔx=xf-x0Δt=tf-t0v=ΔxΔt=xf-x0tf-t0a=ΔvΔt=vf-v0tf-t0x=x0+vtv=v0+v2v=v0+atx=x0+v0t+12at2v2=v02+2ax-x0g=9.80ms2Chapter 3: Two-Dimensional KinematicsAx=AcosθAy=AsinθRx=Ax+BxRy=Ay+ByR=Rx2+Ry2θ=tan-1RyRxh=v0y22gR=v02sin2θ0gvx=vcosθvy=vsinθv=vx2+vy2θ=tan-1vyvxChapter 4: Dynamics: Forces and Newton’s Laws of MotionFnet=maw=mgChapter 5: Further Applications of Newton’s Laws: Friction, Drag, and Elasticityfs≤μsNfk=μkNFD=12CρAv2Fs=6πηrvF=kΔLΔL=1FYAL0stress=FAstrain=ΔLL0stress=Y×strainΔx=1FSAL0ΔV=1FBAV0Chapter 6: Uniform Circular Motion and GravitationΔθ=Δsr2π rad=360°=1 revolutionω=ΔθΔtv=rωaC=v2raC=rω2FC=maCFC=mv2rtanθ=v2rgFC=mrω2F=GmMr2g=GMr2T12T22=r13r23T2=4π2GMr3r3T2=G4π2MChapter 7: Work, Energy, and Energy ResourcesW=fdcosθKE=12mv2Wnet=12mvf2-12mv02PEg=mghPEs=12kx2KE0+PE0=KEf+PEfKE0+PE0+Wnc=KEf+PEfEff=WoutEinP=WtChapter 8: Linear Momentum and Collisionsp=mvΔp=FnetΔtp0=pfm1v01+m2v02=m1vf1+m2vf212m1v012+12m2v022=12m1vf12+12m2vf22m1v1=m1v1'cosθ1+m2v2'cosθ20=m1v1'sinθ1+m2v2'sinθ212mv12=12mv1'2+12mv2'2+mv1'v2'cosθ1-θ2a=vemΔmΔt-gChapter 9: Statics and Torqueτ=rFsinθr⊥=rsinθMA=FoFi=liloliFi=loFoChapter 10: Rotational Motion and Angular Momentumω=ΔθΔtv=rωα=ΔωΔtat=ΔvΔtat=rαθ=ωtω=ω0+αtθ=ω0t+12αt2ω2=ω02+2αθω=ω0+ω2net τ=IαHoop about cylinder axis: I=MR2Hoop about any diameter: I=MR22Ring: I=M2R12+R22Solid cylinder (or disk) about cylinder axis: I=MR22Solid cylinder (or disk) about central diameter: I=MR24+Ml212Thin rod about axis through center ⊥ to length: I=Ml212Thin rod about axis through one end ⊥ to length: I=Ml23Solid sphere: I=2MR25Thin spherical shell: I=2MR23Slab about ⊥ axis through center: I=Ma2+b212net W=net τθKErot=12Iω2L=Iωnet τ=ΔLΔtChapter 11: Fluid Staticsρ=mVP=FAPatm=1.01×105 PaP=hρgF1A1=F2A2FB=wflFraction submerged=ρobjρflspecific gravity=ρρwγ=FLP=4γrh=2γcosθρgrChapter 12: Fluid Dynamics and Its Biological Medical ApplicationsQ=VtQ=AvA1v1=A2v2n1A1v1=n2A2v2P1+12ρv12+ρgh1=P2+12ρv22+ρgh2P+12ρv2+ρghQ=powerv1=2ghη=FLvAQ=P2-P1RR=8ηlπr4Q=P2-P1πr48ηlNR=2ρvrηNR'=ρvLηxrms=2DtChapter 13: Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and the Gas LawsT°F=95T°C+32TK=T°C+273.15ΔL=αLΔTΔA=2αAΔTΔV=βVΔTβ≈3αPV=NkTk=1.38×10-23 J/KNA=6.02×1023 mol-1PV=nRTR=8.31Jmol?KPV=13Nmv2KE=12mv2=32kTvrms=3kTm% relative humidity=vapor densitysaturation vapor denasity×100%Chapter 14: Heat and Heat Transfer Methods1.000 kcal=4186 JQ=mcΔTQ=mLfQ=mLvQt=kAT2-T1dQt=σeAT4σ=5.67×10-8Js?m2?K4Qnett=σeAT24-T14Chapter 15: ThermodynamicsΔU=Q-WW=PΔV isobaric processW=0 isochoric processQ=W isothermal processQ=0 adiabatic processEff=WQhEff=1-QcQh cyclical processEffC=1-TcThCOPhp=QhWCOPref=COPhp-1=QcWEER=Qct1Qht2ΔS=QTΔStot=QhTh+QcTc=0S=klnWk=1.38×10-23 J/KChapter 16: Oscillatory Motion and Wavesf=1Tv=λT=fλF=-kxPEel=12kx2T=2πmkf=12πkmxt=Xcos2πtTvt=-vmaxsin2πtTvmax=2πXT=Xkmat=-kXmcos2πtTvw=331msT273 KI=PAAsphere=4πr2I=Δp22ρvwChapter 17: Physics of Hearingβ=10 dBlogII0fo=fsvw±vovw?vsfB=f1-f2fn=nvw2Lfn=nvw4LZ=ρva=Z2-Z12Z1+Z22Chapter 18: Electric Charge and Electric Fieldqe=1.60×10-19 CF=kq1q2r2E=F/qE=kQr2Chapter 19: Electric Potential and Electric EnergyV=PEqΔPE=qΔVW=qVABE=VABdE=-ΔVΔsV=kQrC=QVC=?0Ad?0=8.85×10-12FmC=κ?0AdEcap=QV2=CV22=Q22CChapter 20: Electric Current, Resistance, and Ohm’s LawI=ΔQΔtI=nqAvdV=IRR=ρLAρ=ρ01+αΔTR=R01+αΔTP=IV=V2R=I2RPave=12I0V0Irms=I02Vrms=V02Chapter 21: Circuits, Bioelectricity, and DC InstrumentsRS=R1+R2+R3+?1RP=1R1+1R2+1R3+?V=emf-IrV=emf1-e-tRCτ=RCV=V0e-trCChapter 22: MagnetismF=qvBsinθr=mvqB?=BlvF=ILBsinθτ=NIABsinθB=μ0I2πrB=μ0I2RB=μ0nIFl=μ0I1I22πrChapter 23: Electromagnetic Induction, AC Circuits, and Electrical TechnologiesΦ=BAcosθemf=-NΔΦΔtemf=Blvemf=NABωsinωtVSVP=NSNP=IPISemf1=-MΔI2Δtemf=-LΔIΔtL=NΔΦΔIL=u0N2AlEind=12LI2I=I01-e-tττ=LRI=I0e-tτI=VXLXL=2πfLI=VXCXC=12πfCI0=V0Z or Irms=VrmsZZ=R2+XL-XC2f0=12πLCcos?=RZPave=IrmsVrmscos?Chapter 24: Electromagnetic Wavesc=1μ0?0EB=cc=fλIave=c?0E022Iave=cB022μ0Iabe=E0B02μ0Chapter 25: Geometric Opticsθi=θrn=cvn1sinθ1=n2sinθ2θc=sin-1n2n1P=1f1f=1do+1dim=hiho=-didof=R2Chapter 26: Vision and Optical InstrumentsP=1do+1dim=momeNA=nsinαf/#=fD≈12NAdi=foM=fofeChapter 27: Wave Opticsλn=λndsinθ=mλdsinθ=m+12λDsinθ=mλθ=1.22λD2t=λn22t=λnI = ? I0I=I0cos2θtanθb=n2n1Chapter 28: Special RelativityΔt=Δt01-v2c2γ=11-v2c2L=L01-v2c2vLG=vLT+vTG1+vLTvTGc2λobs=λs1+uc1-ucfobs=fs1-uc1+ucp=mv1-v2c2E=mc21-v2c2E0=mc2KErel=mc21-v2c2-mc2E2=pc2+mc22 ................
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