CK-12 Chemistry

CK-12 Chemistry Intermediate Quizzes and Tests

Donald Calbreath, Ph.D.

Say Thanks to the Authors Click

(No sign in required)



To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content, visit

AUTHOR Donald Calbreath, Ph.D.

CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-source, collaborative, and web-based compilation model, CK-12 pioneers and promotes the creation and distribution of high-quality, adaptive online textbooks that can be mixed, modified and printed (i.e., the FlexBook? textbooks).

Copyright ? 2015 CK-12 Foundation,

The names "CK-12" and "CK12" and associated logos and the terms "FlexBook?" and "FlexBook Platform?" (collectively "CK-12 Marks") are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state, and international laws.

Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms.

Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License ( licenses/by-nc/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Commons from time to time (the "CC License"), which is incorporated herein by this reference.

Complete terms can be found at terms-of-use.

Printed: May 27, 2015

iii

Contents



Contents

1 Introduction to Chemistry Assessments

1

1.1 What is Chemistry? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2 The Scientific Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3 Introduction to Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 Matter and Change Assessments

12

2.1 Properties of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.2 Classification Of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.3 Changes in Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.4 Matter and Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3 Measurements Assessments

25

3.1 The International System of Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.2 Unit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.3 Uncertainty in Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3.4 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4 Atomic Structure Assessments

40

4.1 Atoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4.2 The Nuclear Model of the Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

4.3 Isotopes and Atomic Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.4 Atomic Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

5 Electrons in Atoms Assessments

53

5.1 Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

5.2 The Quantum Mechanical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

5.3 Electron Arrangement in Atoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

5.4 Electrons in Atoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6 The Periodic Table Assessments

68

6.1 History of the Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

6.2 Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

6.3 Periodic Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

6.4 The Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

7 Chemical Nomenclature Assessments

81

7.1 Ionic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

7.2 Molecular Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

7.3 Acids and Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

7.4 Chemical Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

8 Ionic and Metallic Bonding Assessments

94

8.1 Ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

iv



Contents

8.2 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 8.3 Metallic Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 8.4 Ionic and Metallic Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

9 Covalent Bonding Assessments

108

9.1 Lewis Electron Dot Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

9.2 Molecular Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

9.3 Polarity and Intermolecular Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

9.4 Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

9.5 Covalent Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

10 The Mole Assessments

128

10.1 The Mole Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

10.2 Mass, Volume, and the Mole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

10.3 Chemical Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

10.4 The Mole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

11 Chemical Reactions Assessments

145

11.1 Chemical Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

11.3 Chemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

12 Stoichiometry Assessments

155

12.1 Mole Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

12.2 Stoichiometric Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

12.3 Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

12.4 Chapter Twelve Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

13 States of Matter Assessments

169

13.1 Kinetic - Molecular Theory and Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

13.2 Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

13.3 Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

13.4 Changes of State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

13.5 States of Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

14 The Behavior of Gases Assessments

188

14.1 Gas Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

14.2 Gas Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

14.3 Ideal Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

14.4 Gas Mixtures and Molecular Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

14.5 The Behavior of Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

15 Water Assessments

207

15.1 Properties of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

15.2 Aqueous Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

15.3 Colloids and Suspensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

15.4 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

16 Solutions Assessments

221

16.1 Solubility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

16.2 Solution Concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

16.3 Colligative Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

16.4 Net Ionic Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

v

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download