Citing and Referencing Module 1 Accessibility Document



Accessibility Document

About citing and referencing

Slide 1

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Description: Banner image of a textbook page and reading glasses. Text and a Start button

Heading:

About citing and referencing

Information caption:

This topic introduces:

• the concepts of ‘citing’ and ‘referencing’

• in-text citations, reference lists and bibliographies

• referencing styles

Slide 2

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Heading: Acknowledging your sources

Information caption:

All academic work relies on the work of others. Acknowledging sources clearly and correctly is an important part of academic communication.

Citing and referencing requirements apply to any form of scholarly communication, including:

• video clips

• oral presentations

• design briefs

• reports

• podcasts/vodcasts

• posters

• literature reviews

Acknowledging a source involves two steps:

1. a citation in the text of your work

2. a reference list OR a bibliography OR a works cited list at the end of your work

Instruction caption:

1. In-text citation

Example:

The assumption that female politicians must be morally superior to their male counterparts has actually acted to their disadvantage (Baird, 2004).

2. Click to view an example reference list [link to reference list] (please refer to Appendix B).

Slide 3

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Heading: Why citing and referencing are essential

Information caption:

Citing and referencing correctly is about more than simply following university rules. These rules are in place to protect your work, as much as they are to protect the work of others.

Instruction caption:

Click each of the headings to learn about the functions of citing and referencing [clicking on a button will make text appear in the feedback box].

Headings and feedback:

Button 1: Validate your research

Text in feedback box: By showing that your work is based on that of authorities in the field, you assure your readers that your own ideas and conclusions are valid.

Button 2: Help readers locate your sources

An in-text citation directs your readers to the reference list, which provides the publication details necessary for locating a source.

Button 3: Situate your work in the discipline

Whether writing up your own research or responding to the work of others, you are building on what has already been done in your field. By referring to the existing literature, you show the reader where your work ‘fits in’.

Button 4: Avoid plagiarism

When you put your name on a piece of academic writing you indicate that it is your own original work – except where indicated by in-text citations. To maintain academic integrity you must give due credit to the original authors of the material you use.

Slide 4

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Description: screenshot includes text, clickable links, a feedback box and back arrow and next arrow buttons.

Heading: Citations, reference lists and bibliographies

Information caption: The terms ‘citing’ and ‘referencing’ can be confusing and are often used interchangeably.

Instruction caption: Click on each highlighted section to find out more.

Information caption: Furthermore, the experience of social workers, working in the area of family welfare suggests that restricting a couple's access to divorce would in some cases serve only to exacerbate existing marital problems (Johnson, 1981) [section between brackets highlighted, clickable link]. In those cases where violence is involved, the consequences could be tragic. Apart from all this, returning to more restrictive divorce laws seems to be a solution little favoured by Australians (Harrison, 1990) [section between brackets highlighted, clickable link].

References [word highlighted, clickable link]

Harrison, M. (1995). Grounds for divorce. Family Matters, 42, 34-35.

Johnson, V. (1981). The Last Resort: A Women's Refuge. Ringwood: Penguin.

Feedback pop-ups:

When (Johnson, 1981) or (Harrison, 1990) is clicked:

An in-text citation is a marker in your text acknowledging a source.

Depending on the referencing style used, the in-text citation could be:

• in parentheses, e.g. (author, date)

• a bracketed number, e.g. [1]

• a superscript number which links to a footnote at the end of the page or section, e.g. 1

When References is clicked:

References contain the publication details of the source cited.

References are generally listed at the end of your work.

Depending on the referencing style used, you will need to provide a ‘reference list’, ‘works cited list’, or ‘bibliography’.

Click the links below to find out more:

Reference list [clickable link]

When clicked, this explanatory text appears in a pop-up:

A reference list includes only those sources that have been cited in your work. Check with your department as there are exceptions to this rule. Also known as a Works Cited list in some disciplines.

Bibliography [clickable link]

When clicked, this explanatory text appears in a pop-up:

A bibliography is a list of the sources you cited as well as sources you consulted but did not refer to in your work.

Works cited list [clickable link]

When clicked, this explanatory text appears in a pop-up:

A works cited list includes only those sources that have been cited in your work. Also known as a Reference list in some disciplines.

Slide 5

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Description: screenshot includes text, clickable links, a feedback box and back arrow and next arrow buttons.

Heading: Referencing styles

Information caption: Referencing styles can be grouped into three broad categories.

Instruction caption: Click on the tabs to learn more about each category.

Three tabs with the following headings:

1. Parenthetical

The author’s surname(s) and the date of publication and/or the page number are given in parentheses (round brackets). A complete list of references is included at the end of the document, in alphabetical order by author surname.

Example:

However, it was not until the 1992 Earth Summit that sustainable lifestyle movements began to gather momentum in industrialised nations (Shemyt, 2011).

Below are examples of parenthetical referencing styles. Click the links for detailed information on specific styles. Each link will open in a new window or tab.

APA (American Psychological Association)

Chicago Author-Date

Harvard

MLA (Modern Language Association)

Turabian Author-Date

2. Footnote

Superscript numbers are added in the text and citation details are provided at the bottom of each page. A complete list of references is included at the end of the document, in alphabetical order by author surname.

Example:

However, it was not until the 1992 Earth Summit that sustainable lifestyle movements began to gather momentum in industrialised nations.1

1. André Paul Shemyt, The Sustainability Phenomenon (Chicago, IL: Wide Earth Press, 2011).

Below are examples of footnote styles. Click the links for detailed information on specific styles. Each link will open in a new window or tab.

Australian Guide to Legal Citation

Chicago Footnote

Turabian Note Style

3. Numbered

Numbers in the text correspond to references in a numerically ordered list at the end of the document. Sources are numbered in the order they are first cited.

Example:

However, it was not until the 1992 Earth Summit that sustainable lifestyle movements began to gather momentum in industrialised nations [1].

Below are examples of numbered styles. Click the links for detailed information on specific styles. Each link will open in a new window or tab.

AIP (American Institute of Physics)

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

Vancouver

Tip box content:

Different disciplines use different styles. Visit the Citing and referencing Library guide to check which style is used in your faculty, school or department.

Contact your lecturer if you are unsure about which style to use. If you are still unsure, choose a style used by your faculty and use it consistently.

Slide 6

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Heading: Review: In-text citations, references and bibliographies

Information caption: There are five questions in the following activity about in-text citations, references and bibliographies.

This is a self-review activity, so don’t worry if you get the questions wrong at first. You can always review your answers afterwards.

Instruction caption: Click Start Quiz to begin.

Slide 7

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Heading: Question 1

Question: Wuli’s assignment instructions state that she needs to provide evidence of all the sources she read about her assignment topic.

What should Wuli submit with her assignment?

Answer options (for the correct answer, refer to Appendix A):

a. A bibliography

b. A works cited list

c. A reference list

Tip box (appears when an answer option is clicked):

To review this topic, read the Citations, reference lists and bibliographies section [clickable link which leads to slide 4] of this tutorial.

Slide 8

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Description: screenshot includes text, a drag and drop activity, a tip box and back arrow and next arrow buttons.

Heading: Question 2

Instruction caption:

Why is it important to acknowledge sources? Identify which reasons are correct and which are incorrect. Below are several possible reasons why it is important to acknowledge sources in academic writing.

Drag the answers into the green box if correct or the purple box if incorrect. Click SUBMIT to check your answers.

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

Correct or incorrect? - So that readers can locate the sources I used for their own use.

Correct or incorrect? - So that the reader knows my work is based on valid research.

Correct or incorrect? - To make my essay appear longer than it is.

Correct or incorrect? - To distinguish between my own ideas and those of others.

Tip box:

To review this topic, read the Why citing and referencing are essential section [clickable link which leads to slide 3] of this tutorial.

Slide 9

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Description: screenshot includes a question, two clickable answer options and back arrow and next arrow buttons.

Heading: Question 3

Question: Which one of the following is a reference list entry?

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

1. The choice of leader of the Victorian ALP was a significant factor in the Party’s electoral success in 1982 (Strangio, 2006).

2. Strangio, P. (2006). John Cain Jnr: The burden of history. In P. Strangio & B. Costar (Eds.), The Victorian Premiers, 1885-2006. Sydney: Federation Press.

Tip box (appears when an answer option is clicked):

To review this topic, read the Citations, reference lists and bibliographies section [clickable link which leads to slide 4] of this tutorial.

Slide 10

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Heading: Question 4

Question: Amir has included a reference list at the end of his report as instructed.

Does he also need to include in-text citations in the report?

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

1. Yes

2. No

Tip box (appears when an answer option is clicked):

To review this topic, read the Citations, reference lists and bibliographies section [clickable link which leads to slide 4] of this tutorial.

Slide 11

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Description: screenshot includes text, three clickable options and back arrow and next arrow buttons.

Heading: Question 5

Instruction caption: Select the example below that best illustrates the term ‘in-text citation’.

Answer options (for answers, refer to Appendix A):

1. The choice of leader of the Victorian ALP was a significant factor in the Party’s electoral success in 1982 (Strangio, 2006).

2. Strangio, P. (2006). John Cain Jnr: the burden of history. In P. Strangio & B. Costar (Eds.), The Victorian Premiers, 1885-2006. Sydney: Federation Press.

3. Strangio P. John Cain Jnr: the burden of history. In: Strangio P, Costar B, editors. The Victorian Premiers, 1856-2006. Sydney: Federation Press; 2006.

Tip box (appears when an answer option is clicked):

To review this topic, read the Citations, reference lists and bibliographies section [clickable link which leads to slide 4] of this tutorial.

Slide 12

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Description: screenshot includes text, links and a Restart button.

Heading: About citing and referencing

Information caption:

Well done. You have completed this module.

To learn more about citing and referencing and to see examples in various styles, go to the Citing and referencing Library Guide.

Learning how to cite and reference is only one part of academic integrity. To learn more about academic integrity, look at the Academic integrity modules.

Click on the Restart button if you want to do this module again.

Appendix A

Slide 7

Question: Wuli’s assignment instructions state that she needs to provide evidence of all the sources she read about her assignment topic. What should Wuli submit with her assignment?

Correct answers:

a. A bibliography

Feedback: Correct - A bibliography is distinguished from a reference list because it provides a list of all sources consulted, but not necessarily cited in the work.

Incorrect answers:

b. A works cited list

Feedback: Incorrect - Please try again.

c. A reference list

Feedback: Incorrect - Please try again.

Slide 8

Instruction caption: Below are several possible reasons why it is important to acknowledge sources in academic writing.

Why is it important to acknowledge sources? Identify which reasons are correct and which are incorrect.

Drag the answers into the green box if correct or the purple box if incorrect. Click SUBMIT to check your answers.

Correct answers:

- So that readers can locate the sources I used for their own use.

- So that the reader knows my work is based on valid research.

- To distinguish between my own ideas and those of others.

Incorrect answers:

- To make my essay appear longer than it is.

Slide 9

Question: Which one of the following is a reference list entry?

Correct answers:

Strangio, P. (2006). John Cain Jnr: The burden of history. In P. Strangio & B. Costar (Eds.), The Victorian Premiers, 1885-2006. Sydney: Federation Press.

Feedback: Correct - References appear as a list at the end of your work, whereas in-text citations appear within the flow of your work.

Incorrect answers:

The choice of leader of the Victorian ALP was a significant factor in the Party’s electoral success in 1982 (Strangio, 2006).

Feedback: Incorrect - References appear as a list at the end of your work, whereas in-text citations appear within the flow of your work.

Slide 10

Question: Amir has included a reference list at the end of his report as instructed. Does he also need to include in-text citations in the report?

Correct answers:

Yes

Feedback: Correct - Both elements play a part in acknowledging sources; the in-text citations tell the reader that the information comes from another source, and the reference list gives the publication details needed for a reader to locate that source.

Incorrect answers:

No

Feedback: Incorrect - Both elements play a part in acknowledging sources; the in-text citations tell the reader that the information comes from another source, and the reference list gives the publication details needed for a reader to locate that source.

Slide 11

Instruction caption: Select the example below that best illustrates the term ‘in-text citation’.

Correct answers:

The choice of leader of the Victorian ALP was a significant factor in the Party’s electoral success in 1982 (Strangio, 2006).

Feedback: Correct - In-text citations appear within the flow of the work, whereas references appear as a list at the end of the work.

Incorrect answers:

1. Strangio, P. (2006). John Cain Jnr: the burden of history. In P. Strangio & B. Costar (Eds.), The Victorian Premiers, 1885-2006. Sydney: Federation Press.

Feedback: Incorrect - In-text citations appear within the flow of the work, whereas references appear as a list at the end of the work.

2. Strangio P. John Cain Jnr: the burden of history. In: Strangio P, Costar B, editors. The Victorian Premiers, 1856-2006. Sydney: Federation Press; 2006.

Feedback: Incorrect - In-text citations appear within the flow of the work, whereas references appear as a list at the end of the work.

Appendix B

References

Arass, D. (1989). The guillotine and the terror. (C. Miller, Trans.). London: Penguin.

Baird, J. (2004). Media tarts: how the Australian press frames female politicians. Melbourne: Scribe.

Bloxam, E. (2011). Ancient quarries in mind: pathways to a more accessible significance. World Archaeology, 43(2), 149-166.

Brewer, D. B. (2006). Max Schultze (1865), G. Bizzozero (1882) and the discovery of the platelet. British Journal of Haematology, 133(3), 251-8.

Bureau of Meterology. (2011). Climate Education: Drought. Retrieved from

Chant, S. (2008). The ‘Feminisation of Poverty’ and the ‘Feminisation’ of Anti-Poverty Programmes: Room for Revision? Journal of Development Studies, 44(2), 165-197. DOI 10.1080/00220380701789810.

Hayes, A., Weston, R., Qu, L,. & Gray, M. (2010). Families then and now: 1980-2010. Australian Institute of Family Studies. Retrieved from

Martin Luther King Jr. Online. (n.d.). I Have a Dream Speech by Martin Luther King Jr. Retrieved from

National Poverty Center. (2011). Poverty in the United States. University of Michigan. Retrieved from

Opie, R.F. (2003). Guillotine. Phoenix Mill, UK: Sutton.

Planck, M. (2000). Where is science going? (J. Murphy, Ed. & Trans.). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.

Strangio, P. (2006). John Cain Jnr: the burden of history. In P. Strangio & B. Costar (Eds), The Victorian Premiers, pp. 1856-2006. Sydney: Federation Press.

Wingate Todd, T. (1995). The respiratory system. In A. Robinson (Ed.), Cunningham’s text-book of anatomy (6th ed), pp.1065-1102. London: Oxford University Press.

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