Classification
Classification
Objective: grouping of objects or information based on similarities.
• The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification. He classified all the organisms he knew into two groups: plants and animals.
• In the late eighteenth century, a Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778), developed a method of grouping organisms that is still used by scientists today. Linnaeus’s system was based on physical and structural similarities of organisms.
• Modern classification systems use a two-word naming system called binomial nomenclature that Linnaeus developed to identify species.
• The first word identifies the genus of the organism.
• The second word, which sometimes describes a characteristic of the organism, is called the specific epithet
• Written Latin
• Italicized in print and underlined when handwritten.
• First letter of the genus name is uppercase, but the first letter of the specific epithet is lowercase.
• Example: Lynx canadensis (lynx) p. 448
(Binomial nomenclature: is used over common names because common names can be misleading. For example, a sea horse is a fish, not a horse.)
Taxonomy (tak SAH nuh mee) is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics. A group of organisms is called a taxon (plural, taxa).
Groups of taxa: -Domain
-Kingdom King
-Phylum Phillip
-Class Came
-Order Over
-Family For
-Genus Good
-Species Soup
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