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HAZARD COMMUNICATION Hazard Classification Guidance

for Manufacturers, Importers, and Employers

OSHA 3844-02 2016

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

"To assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women; by authorizing enforcement of the standards developed under the Act; by assisting and encouraging the States in their efforts to assure safe and healthful working conditions; by providing for research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health."

Material contained in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced, fully or partially, without permission. Source credit is requested but not required.

This information will be made available to sensoryimpaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: 1-877-889-5627.

This publication provides a general overview of a particular standards-related topic. This publication does not alter or determine compliance responsibilities which are set forth in OSHA standards, and the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Moreover, because interpretations and enforcement policy may change over time, for additional guidance on OSHA compliance requirements, the reader should consult current administrative interpretations and decisions by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission and the courts.

This guidance document is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations. It contains recommendations as well as descriptions of mandatory safety and health standards. The recommendations are advisory in nature, informational in content, and are intended to assist employers in providing a safe and healthful workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers to comply with safety and health standards and regulations promulgated by OSHA or by a state with an OSHA-approved state plan. In addition, the Act's General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1), requires employers to provide their employees with a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm.

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HAZARD COMMUNICATION Hazard Classification Guidance for Manufacturers, Importers,

and Employers

Occupational Safety and Health Administration U.S. Department of Labor

OSHA 3844-02 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 1

I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 3

II. THE HAZARD CLASSIFICATION PROCESS .................................................................. 6

III. IDENTIFYING HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS .................................................................. 14

IV. DATA COLLECTION ........................................................................................................ 15

V. DATA ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................. 19

VI. RECORDING THE RATIONALE BEHIND THE RESULTS OBTAINED..................... 28

VII. CLASSIFICATION OF HEALTH HAZARDS .................................................................. 32

VII.1 VII.2 VII.3 VII.4 VII.5 VII.6 VII.7 VII.8 VII.9 VII.10 VII.11

Acute Toxicity ............................................................................................................ 32 Skin Corrosion/Irritation ............................................................................................. 63 Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation ............................................................................ 86 Respiratory or Skin Sensitization.............................................................................. 115 Germ Cell Mutagenicity ........................................................................................... 135 Carcinogenicity ......................................................................................................... 149 Reproductive Toxicity .............................................................................................. 170 Specific Target Organ Toxicity ? Single Exposure .................................................. 189 Specific Target Organ Toxicity ? Repeated or Prolonged Exposure........................ 210 Aspiration Hazard ..................................................................................................... 227 Simple Asphyxiants .................................................................................................. 237

VIII. CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS ............................................................ 239

VIII.1 Explosives ................................................................................................................. 240 VIII.2 Flammable Gases ...................................................................................................... 258 VIII.3 Flammable Aerosols ................................................................................................. 266 VIII.4 Oxidizing Gases ........................................................................................................ 279 VIII.5 Gases under Pressure ................................................................................................ 286 VIII.6 Flammable Liquids ................................................................................................... 294 VIII.7 Flammable Solids...................................................................................................... 301 VIII.8 Self-Reactive Chemicals ........................................................................................... 307 VIII.9 Pyrophoric Chemicals ............................................................................................... 322 VIII.10 Self-Heating Chemicals ............................................................................................ 332 VIII.11 Chemicals Which, in Contact with Water, Emit Flammable Gases ......................... 339 VIII.12 Oxidizing Liquids and Solids.................................................................................... 346 VIII.13 Organic Peroxides ..................................................................................................... 358 VIII.14 Corrosive to Metals................................................................................................... 372 VIII.15 Combustible Dust...................................................................................................... 380

IX. HAZARDS NOT OTHERWISE CLASSIFIED................................................................ 385

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