Pest Management - Kennedy APES
Pest Management
I. What are pests?
A living thing that injures / annoys people or damages their property or environment.
II. Types of Pests
Insects - grasshoppers, wasps Diseases - cedar apple rust, dutch elm disease
Animals - mice, rats, dogs? Weeds - dandelions, corn in soybean field
III. Alternative Methods of Pest Control
Naturally occurring methods:
▪ Climate - Rainfall, cold winters, etc. influence which organisms are common in various regions
▪ Natural Enemies – Snakes, owls, wolves, insects eat insects
▪ Land and Oceans – Oceans, mountains, island act as barriers
▪ Food Supply – pests thrive as long as water / food available
Optional methods we can use:
▪ Host resistance – grass seed box showing “disease resistance”
▪ Biological control – lady beetles, lacewings, praying mantis
▪ Cultural control – garden hoe (tillage), mulch, fertilization of a crop or turf
▪ Mechanical control – fly swatter, mouse trap, hand picking
▪ Sanitation – grass seed box showing “no weed seed”
▪ Chemicals (pesticides)
IV. Pesticides
Chemicals to destroy pests, control their activity, or prevent them from causing damage.
First Generation Pesticides – naturally occurring chemicals
o Caffeine (coffee, naturally occurs in plants, inhibits insect feeding)
o Walnut tree (produces juglone via its roots that stunts / kills tomato plants)
o Rotenone (from the dried roots of the Cubé plant, used as an pesticide since 1848)
o Pyrethrin (from dried chrysanthemum flowers, used since early 1800s)
o Citronella (oil from dried, cultivated, tropical grasses; used in citronella candles)
o Pepper repellant (rabbits, squirrels)
Note: Some naturally occurring pesticides are very dangerous - strychnine, cyanide
Second Generation Pesticides –synthetically produced chemicals
o Roundup herbicide (kills weeds, very low toxicity, no soil residue)
o Scent-Off or Repel pellets / granules (to repel dogs / cats off lawns, gardens)
o Lysol (used in homes to kill bacteria)
o Clorox disinfectant bleach (used in homes, laundry disinfectant
o Comet cleanser (kills bacteria on kitchen counters, in sinks, bathrooms)
o Pine-Sol cleaner (kills bacteria on walls, floors)
o Chlorine (used in swimming pools, kills bacteria, makes water safe to swim in)
o DDT (very effective pesticide, used mostly against mosquitos)
Note: Some synthetically produced pesticides are not easily broken down by natural processes and therefore have a high persistence in nature.
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