Unit 1: Parts of Speech
Unit 1: Parts of Speech
Nouns: Singular, Plural, and Collective
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea, and a plural noun names more than one. Most plural nouns are formed by adding –s to the singular form. Words that end in ch, sh, s, x, or z form the plural by adding –es. Words that end in a consonant and y form the plural by changing y to i and adding –es. Some plurals are formed irregularly, for example, child, children; foot, feet; mouse, mice. Some singular and plural forms are the same, for example, sheep, deer, series.
SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL
Person: child children Thing: piano pianos
Place: corner corners Idea: religion religions
A collective noun names a group. A collective noun is singular when it refers to the group as a whole. It is plural when it refers to the individual members of a group.
The jury is still deliberating. (singular) The jury are arguing loudly. (plural)
=========================================================================
Nouns: Proper and Common; Concrete and Abstract
A proper noun is a noun that names a particular person, place, thing, or idea. A proper noun begins with a capital letter. A common noun is the general name of a person, place, thing, or idea.
PROPER COMMON
Person: Uncle Al uncle
Place: Dominican Republic country
Thing: Schindler’s List movie
Idea: the Renaissance era
A concrete noun names an object that occupies space or can be recognized by any of the senses. An abstract noun names an idea, quality, or characteristic.
Concrete: sneeze, star, explosion, hedgehog, chimney
Abstract: politeness, ability, honesty, love, beauty
Pronouns: Personal and Possessive; Reflexive and Intensive
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun, a group of words acting as a noun, or another pronoun. A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing and can be either singular or plural. The first person indicates the person speaking. The second person indicates the person being addressed. The third person indicates the person or thing being discussed.
SINGULAR PLURAL
First Person I, me we, us
Second Person you you
Third Person he, him they, them
she, her, it
We are aware that you will be bringing them to the party.
A possessive pronoun indicates possession or ownership. It takes the place of the possessive form of a noun.
SINGULAR PLURAL
First Person my, mine our, ours
Second Person your, yours your, yours
Third Person his their, theirs
her, hers, its
My coat and your bookbag are in her locker.
A reflexive pronoun refers to a noun or another pronoun and indicates that the same person or thing is involved. An intensive pronoun adds emphasis to a noun or another pronoun.
SINGULAR PLURAL
First Person myself ourselves
Second Person yourself yourselves
Third Person himself, herself, itself themselves
Reflexive: I bought myself a pair of jeans. Intensive: I myself bought a pair of jeans.
Pronouns: Interrogative, Relative, Demonstrative, Indefinite
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun, a group of words acting as a noun, or another pronoun. An interrogative pronoun is used to form a question.
who whom whose what which
Which is the correct answer?
A relative pronoun is used to begin some subject-verb word groups called subordinate clauses.
who whom whose whoever whomever which
whichever that what whosoever whatever
Maya is the student who wrote the article.
A demonstrative pronoun points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas.
this these that those
These are the most interesting videodiscs.
An indefinite pronoun refers to persons, places, or things in a more general way than a noun does.
all both everything none several
another each few no one some
any either many nothing somebody
anybody enough most one someone
anything everyone nobody others
Few are ever found again.
Adjectives
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun by limiting its meaning.
shiny toaster friendly neighbor horrible accident green bird that book
Articles are the adjectives a, an, and the. A and an are indefinite articles. The is the definite article.
Possessive pronouns, such as my and our, can be considered adjectives because they modify nouns. Similarly, possessive forms of nouns, such as Roger’s and the captain’s, can also be considered adjectives.
A proper adjective is formed from a proper noun and begins with a capital letter.
Cervantes was a Spanish writer. The Korean restaurant is very popular.
Verbs: Action (Transitive / Intransitive)
A verb is a word that expresses action or a state of being and is necessary to make a statement. An action verb tells what someone or something does. Some action verbs express physical action. Other action verbs express mental action. A transitive verb is an action verb that is followed by a word or words that answer the question what? or whom?
The dancer performed the most difficult movements. (The action verb performed is followed by the noun movements, which answers the question what?)
An intransitive verb is an action verb that is not followed by words that answer the question what? or whom?
The dancer performed gracefully. (The action verb performed is followed by a word that tells how.)
Verbs: Linking
A linking verb links, or joins, the subject of a sentence (often a noun or pronoun) with a word or expression that identifies or describes the subject. Be in all its forms (am, is, are, was, were, been, being) is the most common linking verb. Other linking verbs include look, sound, feel, grow, remain, stay, seem, appear, become, and taste.
I am a soldier. Bananas were plentiful.
The opera sounded wonderful. She felt sad.
Verb Phrases
The verb in a sentence may consist of more than one word. The words that accompany the main verb are called auxiliary, or helping, verbs. A verb phrase consists of a main verb and all its auxiliary verbs.
forms of be am, is, are, was, were, being, been
forms of have has, have, had
other auxiliaries can, could, may, might, shall, will, do, does, did, must, should, would
The most common auxiliary verbs are the forms of be and have.
They are going. They have gone. They had been going.
The other auxiliary verbs are not used primarily to express time.
She should be arriving. Could she have arrived?
She could already be sitting there.
Adverbs
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb by making its meaning more specific. Adverbs modify by answering the questions when? where? how? and to what extent?
We left early for the soccer game. (The adverb early modifies the verb left by answering the question when?)
Janine waited there for the bus. (The adverb there modifies the verb waited by the answering the question where?)
The nurse quietly shut the door of the hospital room. (The adverb quietly modifies the verb shut by answering the question how?)
Very few parts of life are completely perfect. (The adverb completely modifies the adjective perfect by answering the question to what degree?)
Negative words, such as not and its contraction –n’t, are also considered adverbs. Other negative words such as nowhere, hardly, and never can also function as adverbs.
The boat has not arrived. I have never eaten squid.
Prepositions
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to some other word in a sentence.
The cat food is inside the cupboard. We’ll go there after lunch.
These are some commonly used prepositions:
aboard as but (except) in out toward
about at by inside outside under
above before concerning into over underneath
across behind despite like past until
after below down near pending unto
against beneath during of regarding up
along beside except off since upon
amid besides excepting on through with
among between for onto throughout within
around beyond from opposite to without
A compound preposition is a preposition made up of more than one word.
according to apart from because of in front of next to out of
ahead of aside from by means of in spite of on account of owing to
along with as to in addition to instead of on top of
Prepositions begin phrases that generally end with a noun or a pronoun called the object of the preposition.
The horses jumped over the fence. They showered the king with gifts.
Conjunctions: Coordinating, Correlative, and Subordinating
A conjunction is a word that joins single words or groups of words. A coordinating conjunction joins words or groups of words that have equal grammatical weight in a sentence. And, but, or, nor, for, so, and yet are coordinating conjunctions.
Germain washed the dishes and dried them.
The squirrel buried the nut, but the dog dug it up.
Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join words and groups of words of equal weight in a sentence.
both. . .and just as. . . so not only. . .but also
either. . .or neither. . .nor whether. . .or
Both whales and dolphins are mammals.
Whether I fail or succeed, my parents will still support me.
A subordinating conjunction joins two ideas, or clauses, so that one is grammatically dependent on the other.
after as long as if than whenever
although as soon as in order that though where
as as though since unless whereas
as far as because so until wherever
as if before so that when while
He listened to music until he fell asleep.
Whenever I see a mountain, I want to climb it.
Interjections
An interjection is a word that expresses emotion or exclamation. An interjection has no grammatical connection to other words.
oh wow oops ouch well whew ah yipes uh-oh
gee ow hey hooray alas why man my uh-huh
Why, I didn’t realize that. Oops, sorry about that. Uh-oh, she’d better watch out.
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related download
- pronoun antecedent agreement—lecture notes
- principle 2 we can make our writing more vigorous and
- microsoft word subject verb
- singular or plural verbs
- unit 1 parts of speech
- subject verb agreement collective nouns and indefinite
- agreement of subject and verb lone star college
- subject verb agreement
- 12pt text starts here logo of the bbc
- english grammar worksheet 1 nouns
Related searches
- parts of speech worksheets
- identifying parts of speech calculator
- parts of speech grammar
- parts of speech printable list
- 8 parts of speech worksheet
- eight parts of speech pdf
- grammar parts of speech worksheets
- parts of speech worksheets printable pdf
- parts of speech mini lesson
- parts of speech activities
- parts of speech online game
- fun parts of speech activities