Ch 13 File and Disk Maintenance - Del Mar College
Chapter 13
File and Disk Maintenance
LECTURE NOTES
|CHAPTER OUTLINE |TEACHING SUGGESTIONS |
|CHAPTER OVERVIEW |[pic] SLIDES 2-7 |
|How to avert hard drive problems and how to avert conditions that can cause | |
|data errors will be discussed. |Chapter Overview duplicated in PowerPoint slides. |
|Will learn the purpose and function of and then use Check Disk, Disk |After completion of lecture, suggest to students that they review Objectives|
|Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter, and Task Scheduler. |and Outcomes found on first page of chapter as a check to see if they have |
|The importance of and procedures for backing up and restoring files are |mastered concepts. |
|discussed. | |
|Will create an Automated System Recovery Disk for start up problems. | |
|The purpose and function of the Registry will be discussed. | |
|Will use the Computer Management tool to explore and manage your computer | |
|system. | |
| |SECTION 13.1 (pp. 720-723) |
|DETECTING AND REPAIRING DISK ERRORS WITH CHECK DISK |[pic] SLIDES 8-20 |
|Detecting and Repairing Disk Errors with Check Disk | |
|Physical hard drive problems. |A truism – not if you will have problems with hard drive, but when. |
|Wear and tear on hard disk. |Support power management |
|Minimize problem and conserve power with |Places computer on standby (when idle). |
|Power Management. |Monitor/hard disks turned off. |
|Hibernation. |Computer uses less power. |
|Head crash. |Minimize wear on system. |
|Minimize – place system where it will not get knocked around. |Hibernation. |
| |Turns off monitor/hard disk. |
| |Saves everything in memory on disk. |
| |Turns off computer. |
| |Head crash = Hard disk failure. |
| |Read/write head comes into contact with platter |
|Software-related hard drive problems. |Magnetic coating where data recorded damaged. |
|Viruses. | |
|Causes. | |
|Installing infected program. |Virus = A program that has damaging side effects. |
|Using a data file that has an embedded virus. |Can be intentional/unintentional. |
|To minimize. |Can destroy computer’s hard disk/data. |
|Purchase antivirus program. |Popular virus protection programs: Norton AntiVirus and Network Associates |
|Error causing conditions that may be repairable. |(formerly McAfee) VirusScan. |
|Power surges. |Surge protector (surge suppressor) = Prevents surges from reaching computer.|
|Minimize with surge protector. |UPS (Uninterruptible power supply) =--Provides backup power supply. |
|Power outages. |Locked system = Keyboard, mouse, and program are frozen. |
|Minimize with UPS. |NTFS (New Technology File system) |
|Locked system. |Volume = disk partition. |
|Minimize by following shutdown process. |Chain = A pointer, (when referring to FAT), that links clusters together. |
|Check Disk comes with WXP |Lost clusters |
|Locates/repairs problems on hard disk. |Marked by WXP as being in use but not representing any part of the chain of |
|Checks for logical errors in file system. |a file. |
|Invalid entries in tables that keep track of file locations |Fat knows clusters are occupied by data – does not know to which file |
|Problems that involve physical disk, lost clusters or cross-linked files. |clusters belong. |
|Lost clusters – not uncommon. |Clusters have no directory entry in directory table and do not belong to any|
|FAT/directory work together to define where/what files are. |file. |
|Each file has entry in directory table which points to starting cluster in |Lost clusters are debris resulting from incomplete data. |
|FAT. |Lost files converted into files |
|If file longer than one cluster - FAT pointer leads to next cluster |View contents - see if you want data. |
|Pointers chain together all clusters that make up file. |Files stored in root directory. |
|If pointer lost – chain broken. |Have extensions of .chk. |
|Broken chain is lost cluster | |
|Incorrectly marked by FAT as used - Unavailable for new data. |Discussion Question (1) What are three occurrences that can cause a loss of |
|Lost clusters |data on a hard drive? |
|Belong to no file. |Discussion Question (2) – What is the purpose and function of the Check Disk|
|Cannot be retrieved/deleted. |program that comes with Windows XP Professional? |
|Data useless. | |
|Lose disk space. | |
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|Reasons for lost clusters. | |
|Not exiting program properly. | |
|Power surge/failures. | |
|Check Disk | |
|Fix lost clusters automatically or | |
|Save them to disk as files. | |
|Cross-Linked Files. | |
|Two or more files claim same cluster as part of their chain. | |
|One file claims same cluster twice. | |
|Data in cross-linked file. | |
|Usually correct for only one file. | |
|May not be correct for any file. | |
|Check Disk | |
|CAN check/repair local hard drives, floppy disks, and removable drives. | |
|CANNOT find/fix errors on CD-ROMs or network drives. | |
|Only used on actual physical drives connected to system. | |
|System must have exclusive access to disk to complete job. | |
|Use on a regular basis. | |
|When using – close all open programs. | |
|Dealing with disk structure. | |
|Open files/programs can cause data loss/corrupt files, etc. | |
|If disk (volume) formatted as NTFS, WXP automatically (without running Check| |
|Disk) | |
|Logs all file transactions. | |
|Replaces bad clusters. | |
|Stores copies of key information for all files on NTFS volume. | |
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|ACTIVITY—USING CHECK DISK | |
|Using Check Disk | |
|MYDATADISK disk should be in Drive A. | |
|Activity steps. | |
|Open Windows Explorer | |
|Click My Computer | |
|Right-click Drive A icon | |
|Click Properties/Tools/Check Now/ Start/ OK/OK. | |
|Close all open windows | |
|Activity completed. | |
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|CLEANING UP YOUR DISK | |
|Cleaning Up Your Disk | |
|Hard drive determines computer’s performance. |SECTION 13.2 (pp. 723-725) |
|All files stored on hard disk. |[pic] SLIDE 21 |
|Want easy/quick access to files. | |
|Need disk space for |Choose error checking – invoke Check Disk |
|New files. |Two check disk options: |
|Temporary files that programs create. |Automatically fix file system errors |
|Documents waiting to be printed. |Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors |
|Cache files. |Selecting this option automatically activates first option. |
|Recycle bin. |Status bar indicates program’s progression. |
|If files/caches not deleted frequently | |
|Hard drive runs out of space. | |
|System performance slowed down. |SECTION 13.3 (p. 725) |
|Disk Cleanup. |[pic] SLIDES 22-24 |
|Utility tool. | |
|Helps maintain disk space. |Cache = storage area for often used information that can be accessed |
|Intended for hard drives. |quickly. |
| |Many programs do not delete temporary files. |
|ACTIVITY—USING DISK CLEANUP | |
|Using Disk Cleanup |Discussion Question (3) – What is a cache? |
|Activity steps. |Discussion Question (4) – What is the purpose of Disk Cleanup? What |
|Click |benefits do you gain from running this program? |
|Start/Programs/Accessories | |
|System Tools/Disk Cleanup | |
|Down arrow in drop-down list box | |
|Outside drop-down list box/OK | |
|Recycle Bin/View Files command button | |
|Close Recycle Bin | |
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|Click |SECTION 13.4 (pp. 726-730) |
|More Options tab/Clean Up (under Windows Components)/Cancel |[pic] SLIDE 25 |
|Clean Up (in Disk cleanup window under Installed Programs)/Close | |
|Clean Up (in disk Cleanup window under System Restore) |Analysis of students’ computers not the same. |
|No/Disk cleanup tab/OK/Yes |Be sure to view files before eliminating them. |
|Start/All Programs/Accessories |Discuss other options that free up disk space. |
|System Tools/Disk Cleanup/OK/Cancel | |
|Activity completed. | |
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|CONTIGUOUS AND NONCONTIGUOUS | |
|Contiguous and Noncontiguous Files |System Restore |
|To store and retrieve files (data). |Utility used to restore computer to a previous state if a problem occurs |
|Disk divided into sectors (numbered blocks). |with WXP |
|Sectors grouped into clusters. |Works with WXP files and Registry |
|Cluster set of contiguous sectors. |Does not affect data files. |
|Number of sectors in cluster on hard disk varies – depends on: |WXP creates a restore point daily and at time of significant events |
|Size of hard drive. |(installing new program/new device driver/etc. |
|How it was installed. |System restore points take up lots of disk space. |
|File (usually) larger than one cluster. | |
|WXP keeps track of location of all file parts. | |
|When File deleted in FAT or FAT32 | |
|Only entries in FAT deleted. |Discussion Question (19) – What is the purpose and function of System |
|Space file occupied available. |Restore? |
|Writing files to a disk. |Discussion Question (20) – What is a restore point? |
|WXP tries to write to adjacent cluster. | |
|Easier to retrieve/store information when file is contiguous. |SECTION 13.5 (pp. 730-731) |
|Fragmented disk. |[pic] SLIDES 26-30 |
|Disk composed of noncontiguous files. | |
|Takes longer to read as head moves around disk to find all parts of a file. |WXP keeps track of data (grouped into files). |
| |File = Program, or collection of related information (data) stored on a |
| |disk. |
| |Contiguous - in contact or touching. |
| |Contiguous files = Files written to adjacent clusters on a disk. |
| |Noncontiguous files = Files written to a disk in nonadjacent clusters. |
| |Sector = portion of a track (data stored in tracks) that is 512 bytes long.|
| |Clusters = Smallest unit WXP handles. |
|OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE OF DISKS | |
|Optimizing the Performance of Disks |Discussion Question (5) - Compare and contrast contiguous and noncontiguous |
|Defragger, disk optimization program or disk defragger. |files. |
|Utility program fixes fragmented disk. | |
|Moves data around on a disk to make files contiguous. | |
|Directory table and FAT rewritten so new locations of files are available. | |
|Prior to running Disk Defragmenter. | |
|Run Check Disk and Disk Cleanup. | |
|Remove all lost or cross-linked clusters/unnecessary files. | |
|Close all open programs. | |
|Allow ample time. | |
|Back up disk as program manipulates disk. | |
|Disk Defragmenter used only on local drives. |SECTION 13.6 (p. 731) |
|Must have administrator privileges to use this utility program. |[pic] SLIDES 31-32 |
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| |Defragger (disk optimization program) = A means to optimize performance on a|
| |disk. |
|ACTIVITY—USING DISK DEFRAGMENTER |Rearranges files/programs/empty spaces on hard drive. |
|Using Disk Defragmenter |Not a disk compression program |
|Place MYDATADISK disk in Drive A. |-----Does not compress data. |
|Activity steps. |In System Tools, WXP provides Disk Defragmenter |
|Click Start/My Computer |Good time to run disk defragmenter program is overnight, or when away from |
|Right-click Drive A icon |computer. |
|Click Properties/Tools tab/Defragment Now/OK/Drive C/Analyze button/View |Cannot use Disk Defragmenter on floppy/network. |
|Report |If disk defragmenter program run every couple of weeks decreases running |
|Scroll to bottom of Volume Information list box |time as program will have less to do. |
|Click Close | |
|If you have another drive, select it |Discussion Question (6) - How does the Disk Defragmenter utility help |
|Click Analyze |optimize disk performance? |
|When analysis is complete Click View Report and scroll to bottom of Volume |Discussion Question (7) - List and explain two factors that should be |
|Information list box then Click Close |considered before defragmenting your disk. |
|Close all open windows |SECTION 13.7 (pp. 731-735) |
|Activity completed. |[pic] SLIDE 33 |
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| |Floppy disks cannot be defragmented. |
|STARTING PROGRAMS AUTOMATICALLY |Can start defragment from menus or from a property sheet |
|Starting Programs Automatically |Line color indicates file’s current status. |
|Task Scheduler. |Volume Information reports statistics describe volume size, cluster size, |
|Can schedule any program to run at any selected time. |and used, free and percentage of free space. |
|Make sure program |Show students how to interpret Analysis display bar. |
|Does not need user input. |Discuss View Report. |
|Can exit when task completed. | |
|Can be used to schedule tasks such as Disk Cleanup or Backup. | |
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|ACTIVITY—USING TASK SCHEDULER |SECTION 13.8 (pp. 735-736) |
|Using Task Scheduler |[pic] SLIDES 34-35 |
|Activity steps | |
|Click Start/All Programs/Accessories/ System Tools/Scheduled |Task Scheduler = wizard for scheduling any program to run at any time. |
|Tasks/View/Tiles |Example of using Task Scheduler: |
|Double-click Add Scheduled Task |Dial online during off-hours, search for certain topics, download results, |
|Click Next/Disk Cleanup/Next/Weekly/ Next/Sunday/Next |hang up. |
|Enter password in second and third text boxes |Need program for this task before it could be scheduled. |
|Click Next/Finish/View/Refresh/Advanced (on menu bar) |Discussion Question (8) – List and explain two ways that the Task Scheduler |
|Close menu |wizard could be used. |
|Click Disk Cleanup/ key/Yes | |
|Close Scheduled Tasks window/all open windows. |SECTION 13.9 (pp. 736-740) |
|Activity completed. |[pic] SLIDE 36 |
| |Can schedule program to run at almost any interval |
| |Must identify user responsible for starting this task by keying in user’s |
|BACKING UP YOUR DATA |name and logon password. |
|Backing Up Your Data |When clicking Advanced on menu bar can: |
|Critical task (often neglected). |Pause or stop using Task Scheduler. |
|Backup = duplicate of file (s) on a disk copied to another medium. |Look at log of completed tasks. |
|Retrieve files by restoring them to original medium. |Notified of any missed tasks. |
|Advantage of backup vs. copy. |Task Scheduler files have extension of .job. |
|Backup file can span multiple backup disks. | |
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| |SECTION 13.10 (pp. 740-743) |
|Working with WXP |[pic] SLIDES 37-46 |
|Create settings, install/delete programs. | |
|Adding/making changes to system Registry. |Backup = Making copy of file for safekeeping. |
|If Registry corrupt – cannot boot WXP |Prior - used floppies - time consuming. |
|With backup – restore to what you had previously. |Now - use tape backup unit, removable drive (Zip or Jaz drives), or special |
|Backup program supplied with WXP supports five methods of backups: |tapes. |
|Normal or Full backup |Discuss difference in backing up files on different types of media. |
|Copies all files from hard drive to backup medium. |Making back ups critical – if data on hard disk lost – no need to recreate |
|Archive bit turned off after files are backed up. |it (can copy data back to hard drive from tape/floppy/etc.) |
|Archive bit OFF – Backup knows file has been copied. |For back ups to be useful, need to back up data regularly. |
|File edited - archive bit turned ON. | |
|Copying file – attribute not altered by copy routine. | |
|Archive bit altered by certain programs such as Backup. |Archive bit = File attribute (archive flag). |
|Incremental Backup. |Gives backup history of a file. |
|Only copies files that have changed or created since last normal or |Archiving file = Archiving to save a file usually refers to long-term |
|incremental backup. |storage. |
|Marks files as having been backed up by clearing archive bit. |Full backup = Backup procedure that backs up every file on a disk. |
|Differential backup. |Full system backup does what full back up does, but also copies system files|
|Copies files that have changed or created since last normal or incremental |including Registry. |
|backup. |Registry = Contains all of system’s settings and allows system to function |
|Does not mark files as having been backed up. |properly. |
|Does not clear archive bit. |Differential backup = Backs up all selected files that have changed since |
|Daily Backup |the last time an All selected files backup was used. |
|Backs up modified files only on day backup performed. |Incremental backup = Only backs up files that have changed since last full |
|Files not marked as having been backed up. |or incremental backup. |
|Archive bit is not cleared. |Archive data = Information stored in archive files. (See Archive Bit above).|
|Option requires Backup run on daily basis. |- Archiving a file removes a file from hard disk and stores it on another |
| |medium for historical purposes. |
| |Compare and contrast differential and incremental backups. |
|Copy Backup |- Incremental saves time when doing backup. |
|Backs up selected files. |- Differential saves time when restoring files. |
|Does not mark files as having been backed up. |Stress importance of doing test restore to be sure restore is working. |
|Archive bit not cleared. |Discuss |
|Comparing full backups to incremental backups. |- Various backup mediums. |
|Full backups – |- How often backups should be done & why. |
|Longer to backup but shorter to restore. |- Importance of having more than one copy of backup. |
|Incremental backups | |
|Longer to backup but shorter to restore. |Discussion Question (9) - Why is it important to back up data? Programs? |
|Usually use combination of: |Discussion Question (10) - Compare and contrast full (normal) and |
|Full backups and incremental backups |incremental backups. |
|Restore most recent full backup media and all incremental media that have |Discussion Question (11) – What is the difference between using a |
|changes on them. |differential backup or using the daily option for incremental backups? |
|Takes least amount of storage | |
|Quickest method for backing up | |
|Restore takes longer – need all tapes and disks. |Discussion Question (12) - Why is it wise to have more than one copy of your|
|Full backups and differential backups. |backup? |
|More time consuming |Discussion Question (13) – List and explain two ways that the Backup Program|
|Restore faster/easier because backup data stored on fewer disks/tapes. |can be used. |
|Restore most recent full backup media and all incremental media that have | |
|changes on them. | |
|Differential backup backs up selected files that have changed since last | |
|normal or incremental backup. | |
|All files that have archive bit on are backed up | |
|Backup complete – archive bit is left on. | |
|Need regular backup schedule. | |
|Determined by computer usage and how often files are edited. | |
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|If on network | |
|Network administrator – takes care of full backup. | |
|You take care of data files. | |
|Wise to have more than one copy of backup media. | |
|Do not store both copies in one place (fire and theft problems). | |
|To access Backup | |
|Right-click a drive/Choose Properties/Tools Tab/and select Backup Now | |
|command button. | |
|Can also access Backup from Programs submenu. | |
|Backup can be used to | |
|Archive data. | |
|Make room on hard disk by copying seldom-used files to backup medium. | |
|Transfer programs/files to other computers. | |
|Make new computer look like old system. | |
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|ACTIVITY—USING BACKUP | |
|Using Backup | |
|Place MYDATADISK disk in Drive A | |
|Activity steps. | |
|Click Start/All Programs/Accessories/ System Tools/Backup | |
|Switch to Wizard | |
|Always Start in Wizard Mode should have a check mark | |
|Click Next/Backup files and Settings/Next/Let me choose what to | |
|backup/Next/plus sign next to My Computer | |
|Expand Drive C | |
|Locate and expand WUGXP folder | |
|Click WUGXP in left pane – be sure not to place a check mark in the box | |
|In right pane locate and check boxes in front of AST.99/AST.NEW/AST.TMP/ | |
|ASTRO.TMP/ASTRO.TXT | |
|Click Next | |
|Select Backup and key in ASTRO | |
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|Click Next/Advanced/down arrow in drop-down list box/Next | |
|Clear all options | |
|Click Next/Next | |
|Now is selected | |
|Click Next/Finish/Report button | |
|Close Notepad then Click Close | |
|Open Windows Explorer/Drive A | |
|Close Drive A window. | |
|Activity completed. | |
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|RESTORE |SECTION 13.11 (pp. 743-751) |
|Restore |[pic] SLIDE 46 |
|Backup option/Restore Wizard | |
|Used to copy some/all of files to original disk/another disk/or directory. |Backup requires writing information to hard disk – each system unique – |
|Can choose which backup set to copy from. |steps are only one example of how to use Backup |
|To restore |If doing activity on PC – only doing incremental backup of some files. |
|Choose Restore and type of restoration. |Should not and cannot perform this activity if on a network. |
|OR Choose Restore Wizard. |Discuss Backup and Restore Wizard. |
| |Backup files and settings – 4 backup choices |
|ACTIVITY—RESTORING FILES |Personal documents and settings |
|Restoring Files |Documents/settings of everyone who is a user on system |
|Activity steps. |All information on computer (includes creating ASR disk including Registry |
|Click |and other key system files. |
|Start/All Programs/Accessories |What you want to back up |
|System Tools/Backup/Next |Note: default \setting is to back up My Documents and settings. |
|Restore files and settings/Next |Compare Backup Wizard window with Explorer Window. |
|MYDATADISK is in Drive A |Wizard wants to know where to back up to. |
|Click plus sign in left pane |Backup creates file. |
|In right pane, click last entry in list |- User decides device/file name to use. |
|In left pane, click check box (next to Drive C)/Next/Advanced command |“Discuss types of backups. |
|button/down-arrow (in Restore files to drop-down list box) |- Normal, Copy, Incremental, Differential. |
|Click | |
|Original location/Next | |
|Replace existing files/Next/Next |SECTION 13.12 (p. 751) |
|Finish/Report command button |[pic] SLIDE 47 |
|Close Notepad/Restore Progress dialog box | |
|Click |Suggest to students to periodically do a practice restore to ensure that |
|Start/All Programs/Accessories |backup is working correctly (i.e., bad tape, not copying, etc.) |
|System Tools/Backup | |
|Advanced Mode/Restore and Manage Media tab/Schedule jobs tab | |
|Close Backup window | |
|Activity completed. |SECTION 13.13 (pp. 751-758) |
| |[pic] SLIDE 48 |
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|AUTOMATED SYSTEM RECOVERY (ASR) |Activity one example of how to restore. |
|Automated System Recovery (ASR) |If doing activity on PC – only doing incremental backup of some files. |
|Built in repair system for a catastrophic failure of system. |If on a network do not/cannot do this activity. |
|Saves information about disk partitions arrangements, system files and |Files can be restored to original location/alternate location/single folder.|
|detected hardware |Discuss option buttons to select and restore files that are on disk. |
|Saves contents of system drive to some backup media. |Restore remembers which drive and folder files came from. |
|During process creates floppy disk that is pointing to location of backup |Wizard used but Backup/Restore can be used. |
|files. | |
|Feature not available on WXP Home Edition. |Discussion Question (14) – Explain how you can restore files. |
|Repair system relies on creation of an Automated system Recovery (ASR) | |
|Created in Advanced Mode of Backup | |
|Need ASR, availability of backed up system files & WXP installation CD to: | |
|Boot system. | |
|Repair corrupted system. | |
|Fix corrupt Registry. |SECTION 13.14 (pp. 758-759) |
|Does not save program files or data files. |[pic] SLIDES 49-51 |
|Not substitute for backing up data. | |
|Used for system problems. |Process is automated – requires a fair amount of preparation. |
|Restores system, as it was when ASR was made/upgraded. |Choose location that can handle large files |
|To repair damaged version of WXP |Zip disk or another drive on a network. |
|Boot system from WXP installation CD or setup floppy disk. |Update ASR when any change made to system. |
|Asked if you want to install WXP or repair damaged version. | |
|To Repair, press and follow directions. | |
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| |Emergency repair process also relies on data saved in %SystemRoot%\Repair |
|THE REGISTRY |Folder |
|The Registry |Notation %SystemRoot% indicates a variable name. |
|WXP is customizable |Substituted name of your Windows folder. |
|OS keeps track of Configuration information |Discussion Question (15) – The Automated System Recover (ASR) is not a |
|System information i.e. hardware, applications, users. |substitute for backing up data. Explain. |
| |Discussion Question (16) – What is the purpose and function of the Automated|
| |System Recovery (ASR)? |
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|PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF WINDOWS | |
|Initialization files (used in previous versions of Windows). | |
|.INI file extension (comes from initialization files). | |
|Used to store information (users, environmental parameters, and necessary | |
|drivers.) | |
|Two types of initialization files in | |
|System initialization files. | |
|Windows created the system .ini files (WIN.INI and SYSTEM.INI). | |
|Configuration files contained info Windows needed | |
|To run itself. | |
|To run programs installed on specific computer. | |
|Private initialization files. | |
|Application programs create private .INI files. | |
|Kept track of state of application, i.e., screen position or last-used | |
|files. | |
|W had two primary initialization files. | |
|To run windows both files were needed. | |
|WIN.INI file | |
|Information on how system behaved. | |
|Primary location for software configuration information. | |
|Specific system-wide information added by software application. |SECTION 13.15 (pp. 759-761) |
|SYSTEM.INI file. |[pic] SLIDES 52-60 |
|Pointed OS to correct hardware and software components such as device | |
|drivers. |Initialization of files discussed because of downward compatibility. |
|Primary location for computer hardware system information. |Initialization files = Files that initialize program/process. |
| |- Earlier Windows version, OS and most application programs stored |
| |information about users, environmental parameters and necessary drivers in |
| |.INI files |
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| |WIN.INI and SYSTEM.INI files were needed to run Windows and programs |
|Also used REG.DAT file. |installed on specific computer. |
|Registration database |SYSTEM.INI for hardware settings. |
|Information about |WIN.INI for user settings. |
|-- How various applications open. |Also needed REG.DAT for file associations, various private initialization |
|-- How some print file extensions. |files, and object linking & embedding. |
|-- How OLE objects handled, etc. | |
|Not ASCII file |Discussion Question (17) – Compare and contrast system and private |
|Only edited by REGEDIT |initialization files found in previous versions of Windows. |
|NOW WINOWS XP USES SINGLE LOCATION, CALLED REGISTRY FOR HARDWARE, SYSTEM |Discussion Question (18) – What is the purpose and function of the Registry?|
|SOFTWARE AND APPLICATION CONFIGURATIONS INFORMATION. | |
|Old files available for legacy application programs. | |
|Registry Information comes from | |
|Installation of Windows XP. | |
|Booting of Windows XP. | |
|Applications. | |
|System and user interaction. | |
|Every part of W uses Registry | |
|Registry files kept in %SystemRoot%\System32\Config. | |
|Registry files (backed up) kept in %SystemRoot%\Repair\RegBack. | |
|Registry can be restored by | |
|Use ASR disk – choices available to restore Registry by using Recovery | |
|Console. | |
|Text based command interpreter – allows system administrator to access hard | |
|disk and files. | |
|Beyond scope of text. | |
|“Last Known Good Configuration” option – | |
|Use arrow to highlight title then press | |
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|Safe Mode – Press key | |
|Loads minimum drivers and functionality that allows Windows XP to run. | |
|Go into safe mode – presented with Startup menu | |
|Allows you to troubleshoot different types of problems. | |
|System Restore – easier way to solve many problems. | |
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|SYSTEM RESTORE | |
|System Restore | |
|Used to undo changes made to computer and restore computer to “Desirable | |
|State” | |
|Does the following: | |
|Rolls back computer to more stable state. | |
|System Restore keeps track of changes made at specific times | |
|Tracks when new software program installed | |
|Above times called restore points | |
|Can create own personal points | |
|Restore points allow you to “roll back” your computer to when everything was| |
|working correctly. | |
|Saves email messages, browsing history, and so on | |
|Does not save or restore documents. | |
|For computer system not data files | |
|May select which dates you want to restore to (use calendar) | |
|Provides several restore points | |
|Creates initial system checkpoint when you upgrade or install WXP | |
|Regular checkpoints created daily and at significant events | |
|Restore points created prior to update if Windows Automatic update is used. | |
|All system restores are reversible. | |
|If restore point selected not successful – can undo it. | |
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|ACTIVITY – USING SYSTEM RESTORE | |
|Using System Restore | |
|Activity cannot be done in lab environment | |
|Activity steps. | |
|Click | |
|Start/All Programs/Accessories |SECTION 13.16 (pp. 761-762) |
|System Tools/System Restore |[pic] SLIDES 61-62 |
|Create a restore point/Next | |
|Key in Pre-Wonder |Making changes to system settings (hardware/software) can cause |
|Click |computer/devices to no longer work or to work incorrectly. |
|Create/Close/Start/All Programs |System is in an “undesirable state”. |
|Accessories/System Tools |Discuss why System Restore cannot be used to save data. |
|System Restore |Amount of changes saved depends on computer usage, hard disk size, amt. of |
|Be sure Restore my computer to an earlier time is selected. |space allocated to store System Restore Information |
|Click Next/Show previous button/Cancel |Typically one to three weeks. |
|Activity completed. | |
| | |
|PLUG AND PLAY AND DEVICE DRIVERS | |
|Plug and Play and Device Drivers |Discussion Question (21) – If you use System Restore, is it still necessary |
|Prior to W95, adding hardware was an involved process. |to back up your data files? Why or why not? |
|Physically added hardware. | |
|Each component needs access to system resources (such as IRQ and DMA | |
|channels). | |
|Make software changes. | |
|Hardware devices need software support found in driver files that must be | |
|installed. | |
|Need some technical expertise to adjust settings so hardware devices work. | |
|Plug and Play (Plug it in and play it). | |
|Industry standard developed by Intel and Microsoft. |SECTION 13.17 (pp. 762-765) |
|Automates adding new hardware to computer. |[pic] SLIDE 63 |
|WXP better than W95/98/2K Professional | |
|Process. |Created restore point – make description brief but meaningful |
|Install hardware. |Displayed restore points - Any date that is in bold on calendar holds a |
|Boot system. |restore point |
|Windows XP | |
|Detects hardware device. | |
|Makes appropriate adjustments to system. | |
| | |
|Windows XP added support for new types of devices. | |
|Universal serial bus (USB). | |
|USB devices share common connector – do not need to be configured manually. | |
|IEEE 1394 – high-speed serial bus. | |
|Used by devices that need fast data transfer (Scanners/Video cameras.) | |
|For Plug and Play to work, need |SECTION 13.18 (pp. 765-766) |
|Computer with Plug and Play compatible BIOS. |[pic] SLIDES 64-68 |
|Device to be installed is Plug and Play compatible. | |
|OS is Plug and Play compatible (W2000 is). |IRQ = (Interrupt Request Line) signals CPU to get its attention. |
|Full support in WXP requires |DMA (Direct Memory Access) devices. |
|Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) compliant system board. |Use DMA channels to access memory. |
|BIOS. |Do not go through CPU. |
|OS – WXP. |Hardware conflict (device won’t work). |
|Device to be installed. |Devices competing for same IRQ or DMA channel. |
|Drivers for that device. | |
|Legacy hardware. | |
|Hardware that is not Plug and Play compatible. | |
|WXP solves hardware conflicts with older computer/devices. | |
|Use Add/Remove Hardware wizard in Control Panel. | |
|If hardware conflicts occur use Device Manager. | |
|To add updated drivers. | |
|Help identify problems. | |
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|ACTIVITY—LOOKING AT PLUG & PLAY | |
|Looking At Plug and Play | |
|Activity steps. | |
|Click | |
|Start/My Computer/Properties | |
|Hardware tab/Device Manager |Software drivers = Provide software support for/or “drive” the hardware. |
|Expand and then collapse Computer entry |Called drivers because they “drive” the hardware. |
|Locate and double-click System devices |Sometimes called “Plug and Pray”. |
|Right-click Plug and Play Software Device Enumerator. |Computers manufactured between 1995 and 1998 use |
|Click |Advanced Power Management (APM) BIOS\ or Plug and Play BIOS. |
|Properties/Driver tab (if available) |Plug and Play setting in BIOS needs to be set to off. |
|Driver Details/OK/Cancel |See computer documentation on how to do this. |
|Minus sign next to System Devices. | |
|Select and expand Sound, video and game adapters | |
|Right-click sound card. | |
|Click Properties/Driver tab/Cancel | |
|Collapse entry | |
|Close all open windows. | |
|Activity steps. | |
| | |
|THE PAGING FILE | |
|The Paging File | |
|Previously called swap file. | |
|Space on hard drive used as virtual memory when system runs out of physical | |
|memory. | |
|Paging file is dynamic (shrinks/grows). | |
|Pros/cons of paging file. | |
|Slows down performance. | |
|Using disk vs. memory. | |
|Gives user more “room” to operate. | |
|Can set place and size of paging file. | |
|Microsoft recommends letting Windows manage paging file. | |
|Reasons for setting place/size of paging file. | |
|Second hard drive free of executable programs. | |
|Large hard drive with little information. | |
|Increases paging file size. | |
|Place paging file on drive with fastest access time. | |
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|ACTIVITY – LOOKING AT SETTING UP YOUR PAGING FILE | |
|Setting Up Your Paging File | |
|Activity steps. | |
|Click Start | |
|Right-click My Computer | |
|Click | |
|Properties/Advanced tab | |
|Settings command button (in Performance Options) |SECTION 13.19 (pp. 766-771) |
|Advanced tab/Change command button |[pic] SLIDE 69 |
|Question mark in title bar | |
|Initial size (MB) text box |Determine if computer is compatible with Plug and Play. |
|Cancel/Cancel/Cancel |ISA Plug and Play BIOS. |
|Activity completed. |ISA Plug and Play bus on older system. |
| |Not all devices have a Driver tab because not all devices have drivers. |
|ADMINISTRATIVE TOOLS AND SYSTEM INFORMATION |Driver tab |
|Administrative Tools and System Information |Driver Details |
|System Information |Update driver |
|Collects/displays system configuration information for local/remote |Roll back driver |
|computers |Uninstall |
|Includes hardware configuration, including driver information. |Device manager window tells you if devices are working properly. |
|Used to view/access different tools |? = Problem and device is disabled. |
|Use to find information required by support technicians. |Explanation point enclosed in a circle = Device has a problem. |
|Saves data files in files with .nfo ext |Can look at each device on system and review its properties and attributes. |
|Microsoft Management Console (MMC) |Discussion Question (23) – Why would you want to roll back a driver? Where |
|Tool to create/save/open collection of administrative tools (console). |would you accomplish this task? |
|Framework that hosts admin tools. | |
|Go over Figure 11.5Administrative Tools, (PowerPoint slide) | |
|Component Services. | |
|Programming tool used to create/configure/maintain COM applications. |SECTION 13.20 (pp. 771-772) |
|Tool rarely used by user. |[pic] SLIDES 70-73 |
|Computer Management. | |
|Manage disks, and local and remote computers. |Computer’s system performance impacted by |
|Has information about computer system. |Amount of physical memory. |
| |Processor. |
| |Swap file = Windows “swaps” information to and from hard disk when needed. |
| |Demand paging = Process of swapping information to and from hard disk. |
|Data Sources (ODBC). |Virtual memory = Memory that doe snot actually exist. |
|Programming/Administrative tool to access data from various database |Can extend size of computer’s memory by using a disk to simulate memory |
|management systems. |space. |
|Event Viewer. |Compare virtual and regular memory. |
|Gathers hardware/software and system problems information. | |
|Monitors security events. |Discussion Question (22) – What is a paging file? Explain some of the |
|Local Security Policy. |advantages and disadvantages of paging. |
|Allows Security administrator to configure security levels for local | |
|computer policies. | |
|Performance. | |
|Logging counter/event data/generating performance alerts features. | |
|Services. | |
|Can start/stop/pause/resume services on remote and local computers. |SECTION 13.21 (pp. 772-774) |
|Can configure startup and recover options. |[pic] SLIDE 74 |
|Services include tasks as running scheduled tasks or starting network | |
|connection. |ACTIVITY IS SPECIFIC TO MACHINES USED FOR DEMONSTRATION. |
| |Can specify virtual memory settings. |
|ACTIVITY—USING SYSTEM INFORMATION AND COMPUTER MANAGEMENT |For best performance follow Windows suggestions |
|Using Computer Management |Set initial size to equal or greater than recommended size |
|Activity steps. |Must be administrator to make any changes |
|Click Start/All Programs/Accessories/ System Tools/System Information | |
|Expand Hardware Resources. | |
|Click IRQs/Tools | |
|Collapse hardware resources | |
|Close System Information window | |
|Click Start/Control Panel | |
|Double-click Administrative Tools/Computer Management | |
|Storage should be expanded | |
|Double-click Disk Management |SECTION 13.22 (pp. 774-775) |
|Close Computer Management/Control Panel |[pic] SLIDES 75-77 |
|Activity completed. | |
| |Console = Collection of administrative tools. |
| |Full exploration of MMC beyond scope of this textbook. |
| |Administrative Tools folder found in Control Panel. |
| |Many tools in Administrative Tools require user to have administrator |
| |privileges. |
| |Can add Administrative Tools to Start menu using Taskbar and Start Menu |
| |Properties sheet. |
| |Counter log |
| |Can record data about items as hardware usage and also provide alerts. |
| |Can set an alert on counter defining that message be sent when counter’s |
| |value equals, exceeds, or falls below some specified setting. |
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| |Discussion Question (24) – What is system information? Identify two kinds |
| |of information you could locate in this tool. |
| |Discussion Question (25) – What is the Microsoft Management Console (MMC)? |
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| |SECTION 13.23 (pp. 776-777) |
| |[pic] SLIDE 78 |
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| |System Summary |
| |View all info about computer system |
| |Tools that can be used. |
| |System Restore |
| |Net Diagnostic –checks network connections |
| |File Signature Verification Utility –maintains integrity of system – detects|
| |changes |
| |Direct X –enhances multimedia capabilities – provides access to display and |
| |audio cards |
| |Dr. Watson – detects system information and program failures – records |
| |information in log file (used by technical support professionals) |
| |Disk Management |
| |Graphical tool for managing disks. |
| |Support for partitions and logical drives. |
| |Allows online administrative tasks without shutting down system or |
| |interrupting users. |
| |Provides shortcut menus to show tasks that can be performed on a selected |
| |object. |
| |Must be administrator to use. |
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