Computer Organization and Architecture



Computer Organization and

Architecture

What is Computer Organization?

Electronic Devices

Desired Behavior

... a very wide semantic gap between the intended behavior and the workings of the underlying electronic devices that will actually do all the work.

The forerunners to modern computers attempted to assemble the raw devices (mechanical, electrical, or electronic) into a separate purpose-built machine for each desired behavior.

Role of General Purpose Computers

computer organization

Electronic Devices

General Purpose Computer

software

Desired Behavior

A general purpose computer is like an island that helps span the gap between the desired behavior (application) and the basic building blocks (electronic devices).

Computer Architecture - Definition

? Computer Architecture = ISA + MO

? Instruction Set Architecture

? What the executable can "see" as underlying hardware ? Logical View

? Machine Organization

? How the hardware implements ISA ? ? Physical View



Impact of changing ISA

? Early 1990's Apple switched instruction set architecture of the Macintosh

? From Motorola 68000-based machines ? To PowerPC architecture

? Intel 80x86 Family: many implementations of same architecture

? program written in 1978 for 8086 can be run on latest Pentium chip

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