CS 321 Human-Computer Interaction



CS 321 Human-Computer Interaction

Final Exam Study Guide

Fall 2006

CD Chapters 14 – 16

• Describe steps to creative design.

• What does it mean for a system to be “coherent”?

• Compare the division-of-labor approach to the contextual design approach

• What is the User Environment Design (UED)?

• Why does UED precede UID (User Interface Design)?

• How is a UED created? What are focus areas, links, hidden areas?

• Why would a software designer reverse engineer a UED?

CD Chapter 20

• Understand the principles of CD: data, team, design thinking.

• Intents of the steps in CD: See altered table 20.1 below.

ABF Chapters 8, 9, 19

• What is software posture?

• Sovereign posture, transient posture, daemonic posture, auxiliary posture

• What is the user’s “state of flow”?

• Ways of to make sure the software is transparent (invisible) to the user’s state of flow

o Follow mental models

o Direct, don’t discuss

o Keep tools close at hand

o Provide modeless feedback

ABF Chapters 10, 11, 14

• Excise tasks vs Goal direct tasks

• Why eliminate excise?

• Excise: Don’t weld on training wheels

• Pure Excise: making intelligent decisions

• Excise: Don’t stop the proceeding with idiocy

• Define “navigation”

• Common types of navigation

• What ways can navigation be excise

• What is an RSI?

• Ways of improving navigation: sign posts, good mapping, inflecting navigation

• Organization of controls and displays: frequency of use, degree of dislocation, and degree of exposure.

• What is commensurate effort?

• What makes software considerate?

Design Elements

• What is Fitt’s Law? What ways can it be applied to improve usability?

• What is “Miller’s Magic Number”?

• Compare Static vs. Dynamic Evaluation of Interfaces

• What is Heuristic Evaluation?

• What is a Cognitive Walkthrough

• Terms (what are they and how do they affect interface design):

1. Internal consistency, external consistency, real world consistency

2. Innovation

3. Simplicity

4. Readability and legibility

5. Emotional Style

6. Hierarchy

7. Balance

8. Grouping with color, alignment, borders, Gestalt principles

9. Use white space, a.k.a. negative space

• What is the Construtivist Theory of Visual Perception

• The Gestalt principles – proximity, similarity, closure, continuity, and symmetry

• Color perception: rods & cones, different kinds of cones, lack of blue cones

• Use of color – “color pollution”, “redundant coding”, “segmentation”, “drawing attention”

Icons

• Reasons for using icons

• Disadvantages of icons

• Designing meaningful icons.

o Shallow and Deep Analysis

o Attributes of meaningfulness: familiarity, imagery

o Factors that affect meaningfulness: context, function, representational form, underlying concept

• Representational forms of icons: resemblance, exemplar, symbolic, arbitrary

• Difference between “recognition” versus “recall”

• Level of Detail

Ethics: “The Case of the Killer Robot”

• What is “ethics” and what are “moral standards”?

• What does it mean to “live mindfully”?

• What are “prejudice”, “dogmatic”, and “authority” ways of thinking?

• What does it mean to be a “devil’s advocate”?

• What does “ACM” stand for and what is the ACM?

• What is the ACM Code of Ethics (in general, not specific articles of the code)?

• What is egoless programming and why was it important in the “Case of the Killer Robot?”

• What is “constructive criticism” and “destructive criticism”?

• Why is a software system harder to create than a simple program?

• What is a software development lifecycle?

• Why did some employees disagree with the use of the “waterfall model” for the robot project? What model did they want to use and why?

• What is the “Ivory Snow Theory”? What are the implications of the theory?

• What are black box testing, white box testing, integration testing, and version control?

• Be prepared to discuss the ethical actions of Randy Samuels, George Cuzzins, and Cindy Yardley

• What is “domain knowledge”?

• What is the legal definition of “profession”?

• What are your ethical obligations as a team member?

• Leadership styles: Democratic, Laissez-Faire, Authoritarian, Autocratic

•

Some general knowledge

• Define participatory design

• Define “Contextual Design”

• Describe the steps of the CD process

• Critique an interface with respect to the elements of design

• Discuss the design of the Palm Beach Ballot

o affordance, visibility, constraints, feedback, and prototype testing

o Grouping, hierarchy, and organization

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