þVyhýbÆm se s hr uzou nejjednodu„„ímu sŁítÆní; ale podnes ...
P?klady ke cvicen?m z Matematiky I ? LS 2016/2017 ? Integr?ly
,,Vyh?b?m se s hr?uzou nejjednoduss?mu sc?t?n?; ale podnes lituji, ze jsem nebyl ani trochu zasvcen do tajemstv? integr?l?u a diferenci?l?u. Nebot' nen?, mysl?m, ?celem stedn? skoly, aby absolvent podrzel slov?cka a vzorce, jimz se ucil, n?brz myslenkov? metody, na kter?ch to vse vis?. Umt, to je docasn?, ale porozumt, to je trval? obohacen? ducha.
K. Capek
1. Dokazte, ze dan? dv funkce F1(x) a F2(x) jsou primitivn? k t?ze funkci a urcete
konstantu, o kterou se lis?:
a) F1(x) = ln x - 2 + 3 , F2(x) = ln 2x - 4
b) F1(x) = cos 2x , F2(x) = 6 cos2 x + 4 sin2 x
2. Dokazte, ze funkce F (x) je primitivn? funkce k f (x):
a)
F
(x)
=
x(arctg
x
+
arctg
1 x
)
+
,
f (x) =
2
,
x>0
1
b) F (x) = ln(x + x2 + 13), f (x) =
.
x2 + 13
3. Najdte p?slusn? primitivn? funkce (a proved'te zkousku):
a) (x3 + x2 - 2x) dx b) (3x - 7) dx
c)
d) (1 + 2x)3 dx
e) ( x - 1)( x + 1) dx f)
x2 + 2x
x3 + 1
g)
dx
h)
dx
i)
x-1
x+1
x2 dx
x 4 dx 2 3x x3
dx x+2
j) (sin x - 2 cos x) dx k) (cos 3x + 3x + 1) dx l) sin 2x dx
4. Najdte primitivn? funkce:
a) x x x dx
b) sin x ? cos x dx
c) ex ? 5x-1 dx
x
d)
dx, x < 0
|x|
e) x5 dy .
8 15 x8 +C
15 1 - cos 2x + C 4 1 (5e)x + C 5 ln 5e
[-x + C]
[x5y + C]
5. Najdte primitivn? funkce (metodou substituce):
a) 53x dx
b) 2x + 3 dx
c) 1 dx 1 - 4x2
1
d)
dx
x2 + 4
1
e)
dx
4x2 + 1
1 f) 4x2 + 3 dx .
6. Najdte primitivn? funkce (metodou substituce):
a) x x2 + 3 dx
ex b) 1 + ex dx
1
c)
dx
1 + e-x
3x d) 1 + 9x dx
1
e)
dx .
x2 + 4x + 5
7. Najdte primitivn? funkce (metodou per-partes):
a) xe-x dx
b) x2 ln x dx
c) ln(x + 1) dx
53x +C
3 ln 5
1
3
(2x + 3) 2 + C
3
1 arcsin 2x + C
2
1x arctg + C
22
1 arctg 2x + C
2
3 arctg
2x
+
C
6
3
1 (x2
+
3
3) 2
+
C
3
[ln(1 + ex) + C]
[ln(1 + ex) + C] 1 arctg 3x + C ln 3 [arctg (x + 2) + C]
[-e-x(x + 1) + C] x3
(3 ln x - 1) + C 9 [(x + 1) ln(x + 1) - x + C]
d) x cos 2x dx
x 2
sin
2x
+
1 4
cos
2x
+
C
e) arctg x dx .
[x
arctg
x
-
1 2
ln(1
+
x2)
+
C]
8. Zvolte vhodnou metodu a najdte p?slusnou primitivn? funkci:
a) tg 2x dx
[tg x - x + C]
sin 2x
b)
dx
5 cos x
c) sin2 x dx 2
cos 2x d) sin2 x cos2 x dx
e) ln x dx
f) cotg x dx
g) sin3 x dx
h) 1 - x2 dx
1
i)
x + dx
x
j) x2 x3 + 5 dx
k) x2 sin x dx
l) cos3 x sin x dx
ln x
m)
dx
x
n) arcsin x dx
o) sin x ? ln tg x dx
p) ln(x + 1 + x2) dx ln sin x
q) sin2 x dx r) sin x ? sin 2x ? sin 3x dx
s) sin ln x dx .
9. Najdte primitivn? funkce:
5
2
?
+
dx
3x - 2 1 - 4x
7
1
?
+
dx
(3x + 5)2 (3 - 2x)3
-
2 5
cos
x
+
C
1 2
x
-
1 2
sin
x
+
C
[-cotg x - tg x + C]
[x ln x - x + C]
[ln | sin x| + C]
[-
cos
x
+
1 3
cos3
x
+
C]
[
1 2
x
1 - x2 + arcsin x
+ C]
[
2 3
x3
+
2x
+
C]
[
2 3
(x3 + 5)3 + C]
[-x2 cos x + 2x sin x + 2 cos x + C]
[-
1 4
cos4
x
+
C]
[
1 2
ln2
x
+
C]
[x arcsin x + 1 - x2 + C]
x [- cos x ? ln tg x + ln |tg ( )| + C]
2
[x ln(x + 1 + x2) - 1 + x2 + C]
[-cotg x(1 + ln sin x) - x + C]
[
1 24
cos
6x
-
1 16
cos
4x
-
1 8
cos
2x
+
C]
[
x 2
(sin
ln
x
-
cos
ln
x)
+
C
]
5
1
ln |3x - 2| - ln |1 - 4x| + C
3
2
71 1 1
-
+
+C
3 3x + 5 4 (3 - 2x)2
2x - 3
?
dx
x2 - 3x + 4
1 ? x2 - 2x + 5 dx
1
?
dx
x2 + 2x
1 ? x4 + 3x2 dx
x4 ? x4 + 5x2 + 4 dx
1
?
dx
(x + 1)(x2 + 1)
7 - 5x
?
dx.
x2 + 4x + 5
ln |x2 - 3x + 4| + C
1
x-1
arctg
+C
2
2
1
1
ln |x| - ln |x + 2| + C
2
2
1 --
3 arctg x + C
3x 9
3
1
8x
x + arctg x - arctg + C
3
32
1
ln
|x
+
1|
-
1
ln(1
+
x2)
+
1 arctg
x
+
C
2
4
2
- 5 ln |x2 + 4x + 5| + 17arctg (x + 2) + C 2
10. Vypoctte:
? x3 sin x dx
0
2
31 ? 9x2 + 4 dx
0
0
? (x - |x + 2|) dx
-4
6
x2,
x
0; 2
? f (x) dx , f (x) =
0
8 x
,
x 2; 6
4
x3,
x 1; 3
? f (x) dx , f (x) =
-2x + 10, x 3; 4
1
[3 - 6]
24
[-12]
8 3
+
8
ln
3
[23]
11. Vypoctte nevlastn? integr?ly:
? xe-x dx
0
1
?
dx
1 + x2
0
1
?
dx
2-x
3
1
?
dx
x ln x
0
[1]
2
[-, integr?l diverguje]
[ integr?l diverguje ]
1 ? x2 ln x dx
1 1
1 ? ln x dx
x
0
12. Urcete obsah rovinn?ho obrazce omezen?ho grafem funkce f : y = x2 - x - 2 a osou x .
13. Urcete obsah obrazce omezen?ho kivkami o rovnic?ch y = x2 a y = 2 - x2.
14. Urcete obsah obrazce omezen?ho kivkami o rovnic?ch y = x3 a y = 4x.
15. Urcete obsah rovinn?ho obrazce ohranicen?ho grafy funkc?
f (x)
=
1 2
cos3
x,
g(x) = cos x , x
-
2
;
2
.
16. Urcete obsah obrazce omezen?ho kivkami o rovnic?ch
x = 1 , y = x2 - 1 a y = 2 - |x - 1| , x (-; 1 .
[1] [-4]
[
9 2
j2]
[
8 3
j2]
[8j2]
[
4 3
j2]
[
10 3
j2]
................
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