Leaving Cert



Leaving Cert. Physics - Revision Headings

Optics

Laws of reflection

Mirrors

1/f=1/u +1/v

m= v/u

Uses of mirrors

Laws of refraction

sin i = n x sin r

n = real depth/apparent depth

n = c1/c2

Total internal reflection

Critical angle

n = 1/sin c

Optical fibres

Lenses

P= 1/f

P = P1 + P2

The eye (structure & defects)

Mechanics

Vectors (Composition & resolution)

Displacement

Velocity & Speed

Acceleration

v = u + at (derivation)

s = ut + 1/2at2 (derivation)

v2 = u2 + 2as (derivation)

Momentum (& conservation)

Newton's laws of motion

F = ma (derivation)

Newton's law of universal gravitation

F = G m1m2/d2

W = mg

g = G M/R2 (derivation)

θ=s/r

ω=θ/t

v = r ω (derivation)

a = r ω2 or v2/r

F = mrω2 or mv2/r

T = 2π/ω

Satellites

T2 = 4π2d3/GM (derivation)

Τ ’ 1/f

Density

ρ = m/v

Pressure

p = F/A

p = ρgh

The bends

Boyle's law

Archimedes' principle

Law of flotation

Moments

Moment of a force = force x distance from the fulcrum (T = Fr)

Levers

Couples (T = Fd)

Conditions for equilibrium

Simple harmonic motion

a = -ω2s

Hooke's law

F = -ks

ω2 = k/m

Pendulum

T = 2π √l/g

Work

W = Fs

Energy

Ep = mgh

Ek = ½ mv2

E = mc2

Renewables

Principle of conservation of energy

Power

Efficiency = Power out/Power in x 100%

Waves

Longitudinal & transverse

Frequency

Amplitude

Wavelength

c = fλ

Reflection

Refraction

Diffraction

Interference (constructive, destructive)

Interference patterns

Stationary waves

Polarisation

Resonance

Doppler effect

f' = c f/(c +/- v)

Sound

Speed

Wave properties

Characteristics of notes

Frequency limits of audibility

Vibrations in strings & pipes

f = 1/2l √T/μ

Sound intensity

Sound intensity level

Threshold of hearing

Light as a wave

Diffraction grating

nλ = d sin θ (derivation)

Dispersion

Colours

Electromagnetic spectrum

The spectrometer

Heat & Temperature

Heat

Temperature

Kelvin scale

t /oC = T /K - 273.15

Thermometric properties

Thermometers

Heat capacity

Q = mcΔθ

Latent heat

Q = ml

Conduction, convection & radiation

Static Electricity

Charging by contact

Conductors & insulators

The Gold leaf electroscope

Charging by induction

Forces between charges

Coloumb's law

F = 1/4πε x Q1Q2/r2

Point effect

Charge resides on outside

Photocopier & precipitator

Electric fields

Electric field strength

E = F/q

E = 1/4πε x Q/r2

Potential difference

W = V/Q

Capacitance

Uses of capacitance

C = Q/V

C = A ε/d

W = ½ CV2

Current electricity

Electric current

I = Q/t

Definition of the ampere

Electromotive force (emf)

Sources of emf

Conduction in materials (inc. graphs)

Resistance

Ohm's law

V = IR

Potential divider

R = R1 + R2 (derivation)

1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 (derivation)

Resistivity

R = ρ l/A

Wheatstone bridge

R1/R2 = R3/R4

Metre bridge

R1/R2 = l1/l2

Semiconductors

Diodes

LDR & LED

Heating effect of an electric current

Joule's law

P = RI2

P = V x I

Transmission of electrical power

Chemical effect

Magnetic effect

Domestic electricity

The kilowatt-hour

Number of kW hr = power (in kW) x time (in hours)

Magnetism

Magnetic poles

Magnetic fields

Fields due to currents

Force on current-carrying conductor in magnetic field

F = BIl

Left hand rule

F = qvB (derivation)

Electromagnetic induction

Magnetic flux

φ= BA

Faraday's law

E = dφ/dt

Lenz's law

Self induction

Inductor

Mutual induction

Transformer

Vi/Vo = Np/Ns

A.C. & D.C.

Root-mean-square

The electron

Properties

Electron-Volts

Thermionic emission

Cathode rays

Cathode ray tube

Photoelectric effect

E = hf

Threshold frequency

φ = hfo

Einstein's photoelectric law

hf = φ + ½ mv2

X-rays

X-ray tube

X-ray properties

Nuclear Physics

Rutherford's gold foil experiment

Bohr model of the atom

Emission line spectra

hf = E2 - E1

Isotopes

Radioactivity

Uses of radioactivity

α,β,γ

Geiger-Muller tube

Law of radioactive decay

dN/dt = -λ N

T½ = ln2/λ

Fission & Fusion

Nuclear reactors

Health hazards of ionising radiation

Particle physics

Discovery of the neutrino

Cockcroft & Walton experiment

Particle accelerators

Creating new particles

Antimatter

Four fundamental forces of nature

Quarks

Classifying particles.

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