Earth Science Midterm Exam Review 2015



Earth Science Midterm Exam Review 2015Which action can be performed most accurately using only the human senses?Counting 28 shells from the beachAdding 10 grams of salt to a cup of waterMeasuring the air pressure of a roomTearing a sheet of paper into squares whose sides measure 1 centimeterWhich statement about a burning candle is most likely an inference?Carbon dioxide and water vapor are produced by the burningThe wick gets shorter as the candle burnsThe flame is yellowThe candle wax is meltingWhich statement made during a weather report is most likely an inference?The record low temperature for this date was set in 1957The high temperature for the day was recorded at 2 p.m.The current barometric pressure is 29.97 in.Hot and humid conditions will continue throughout the week.81915012128500 If each side of the cube shown above has the same length as the measured side, what is the approximate volume of the cube? 2.20 cm34.84 cm36.60 cm310.65 cm3Compared to the density of liquid water, the density of an ice cube isa. always lessb. always greater c. always the samed. sometimes less and sometimes greaterDaily weather forecasts are based primarily ona. seismic datab. air mass movementsc. ocean currentsd. phases of the moonThe sphere was dropped into water in a graduated cylinder as shown below.5410203683000What is the volume of the sphere?a. 15 mLb. 25 mLc. 40 mLd. 65 mLThe diagram below shows a glass jar containing a clear liquid and a floating rock.12287256166000The rock is less dense than the liquidThe rock is more dense than the liquidThe rock and the liquid have the same densityWhich weather conditions are most probable when the moisture content of the air increases, resulting in a lower atmospheric pressure?a. cold and windyb. partly cloudy, with skies becoming clearc. cloudy, with a chance of precipitationd. sunny and fair46609033020000The map below shows high pressure and low pressure weather systems in the United States.Which two lettered positions on the map are most likely receiving precipitation?a. B and Db. C and Ec. A and Dd. A and BWeather station measurements indicate that the dew point temperature and air temperature are getting farther apart and that air pressure is rising. Which type of weather is most likely arriving at the station?a. cool, dry airb. a warm frontc. a snowstormd. maritime tropical airWhich weather change is most likely indicated by rapidly falling air pressure?a. temperature is decreasingb. a storm is approachingc. humidity is decreasingd. skies are clearingThe diagram below shows the isolines of air pressure around a low pressure center. On which side of the low pressure center will the wind speed be greatest?123952011747500a. eastb. southc. westd. northAs the temperature of the atmosphere at a given location increases, the air pressure will most likelya. decreaseb. increasec. remain the sameThe dew point changes most directly as a result of changes in the atmosphere’sa. water vapor contentb. pressurec. wind directiond. convection currents673735118745000Adjacent land and ocean surfaces have the same temperature at sunrise on a clear, calm, summer day. Then the land and water are heated by the sun for several hours. Which cross section shows the most likely direction of surface winds that will develop at this ocean shore?The surface winds in a typical Northern Hemisphere high pressure system are generally movinga. clockwise away from the high pressure centerb. counterclockwise away from the high pressure centerc. clockwise toward the high pressure centerd. counterclockwise toward the high pressure centerAs warm, moist air moves into a region, barometric pressure readings in the region will generallya. decreaseb. increasec. remain the sameBase your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows the location of fronts and the temperature field on a given day in the United States.8572510604500Which two cities most likely have an air temperature closest to 75° F?a. Chicago and Detroitb. Los Angeles and Denverc. Cincinnati and Kansas Cityd. Oklahoma and MemphisTornadoes occur when a very cold, dry air mass meets a very warm, wet air mass. Which two air masses would most likely form a tornado when they meet?a. cP and cAb. cP and mTc. mP and mTd. cT and mPThe greatest atmospheric pressure occurs in thea. stratosphereb. mesospherec. troposphered. thermosphereWhich statement most accurately describes the Earth’s atmosphere?a. the atmosphere’s altitude is less than the depth of the oceanb. the atmosphere is layered, with each layer possessing distinct characteristics c. the atmosphere is a shell of gases surrounding most of the Earthd. the atmosphere is more dense than the hydrosphere but less dense than the lithosphereBase your answer to the following question on the diagram below.3429003810000The wind direction at station A isa. northeastb. southeastc. northwestd. southwest40957549149000Which pie chart best represents the volume of gases in the troposphere?Which layer of the atmosphere has the greatest density?a. stratosphereb. tropospherec. thermosphered. mesosphere40957557721500The cross section below shows a weather front. The large arrow shows the direction of the movement of the cool air mass.Which type of weather front is shown?a. stationary frontb. warm frontc. cold frontd. occluded frontWhich graph best represents the relationship between air temperature and elevation in the troposphere?4381503810000Which statement best describes the stratosphere?a. it has greater pressure at the top than at the bottomb. it is warmer at the top than at the bottomc. it absorbs large amounts of water vapor from the troposphered. it is located 75 kilometers above sea levelIn which atmospheric layer is most water vapor found?a. troposphereb. stratospherec. thermosphered. mesosphereScientists have inferred that Earth’s original atmosphere was formed by thea. release of gases from volcanic eruptionsb. decay of microorganisms in Earth’s oceansc. radioactive decay of elements in Earth’s cored. erosion of Earth’s surfaceWhich list shows atmospheric layers in the correct order upward from the Earth’s surface?a. thermosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphereb. thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, tropospherec. troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphered. stratosphere, mesosphere, troposphere, thermosphereThe primary source of most of the moisture for the Earth’s atmosphere isa. oceansb. melting glaciersc. rivers and lakesd. soil-moisture storageIf the base of a cloud is located at an altitude of 2 kilometers and the top of the cloud is located at an altitude of 8 kilometers, this cloud is located in the a. stratosphere, onlyb. troposphere and stratospherec. stratosphere and mesosphered. troposphere, onlyThe graph below shows the average concentration of ozone in Earth’s atmosphere over Arizona during 4 months of the year.41846513081000Which layer of Earth’s atmosphere contains the greatest concentration of ozone?a. thermosphereb. stratospherec. troposphered. mesosphereWhat happens to most of the sunlight that strikes a dark-colored area of the Earth’s surface?a. it is reflected and scattered as potential energyb. it is absorbed and reflected as lightc. it is absorbed and re-radiated as heatd. it is reflected and diffused as ultraviolet radiation Two identical towels are hanging on a clothesline in a sunny location. One towel is wet, the other is dry. What is one reason that the wet towel feels cooler than the dry towel?a. the dry towel has more room for the heat storage than the wet towel doesb. water in the wet towel prevents absorption of heat energyc. water in the wet towel is evaporatingd. the dry towel receives more heat energy from the Sun than the wet towel doesThe diagram below shows four different chemical materials escaping from the interior of early Earth.48577510858500Which material contributed least to the early composition of the atmosphere?a. N2b. H2Oc. CO2d. SiO2An observer recorded the barometric pressure while traveling up the west side of a mountain and down the other side. Which graph best represents the probable air pressure changes that were observed?3810003238500Base your answer to questions 41 and 42 on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth Science. The cross section shows the general movement of air within a portion of Earth’s atmosphere located between 30° N and 30° S latitude. Numbers 1 and 2 represent different locations in the atmosphere.485775-317500Which temperature zone layer of Earth’s atmosphere is shown in the cross section?a. thermosphereb. tropospherec. stratosphered. mesosphereWhat is the approximate percentage by volume of oxygen present in Earth’s atmosphere at location 2?a. 10%b. 21%c. 33%d. 46When a person leaves the ocean after swimming on a windy day, the person usually feels cold becausea. water evaporates from the skinb. water condenses on the skinc. radiation is absorbed through the skind. salt is absorbed through the skinWhich process is primarily responsible for the transfer of energy by air currents within the Earth’s atmosphere?a. absorptionb. radiationc. conductiond. convection38989040830500The diagram below shows a solid iron bar that is being heated in a flame.The primary method of heat transfer in the solid iron bar isa. conductionb. convectionc. absorptiond. advectionEarth’s early atmosphere formed during the early Archean Era. Which gas was generally absent from the atmosphere at that time?a. water vaporb. oxygenc. nitrogend. carbon dioxide38989048133000The diagram below shows the pattern of air movement within a closed room.Which type of energy transfer is indicated by the arrows in the diagram?a. conductionb. convectionc. radiationd. insolationWhy are some scientists concerned about an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?a. an increase would cause an overall heating up of the Earth’s atmosphereb. an increase would cause energy to flow from energy sinks to energy sourcesc. an increase would change the decay rate of C14d. an increase would cause more ultraviolet energy to strike the Earth’s out atmosphered. carbon dioxide48514063754000Based on the data collected, which graph best represents the relationship between elevation above sea level and air pressure?A high pressure center is generally characterized bya. warm, wet weatherb. cool, dry weatherc. warm, dry weatherd. cool, wet weatherWhich method of energy transfer is primarily responsible for energy being lost from Earth into space?a. conductionb. radiationc. solidificationd. convectionAir pressure is usually highest when the air isa. warm and dryb. cold and humidc. cold and dryd. warm and humid39052561023500Which map best represents the surface wind pattern around a Northern Hemisphere high-pressure center?Which action can be performed most accurately using only the human senses?a. tearing a sheet of paper into squares whose sides measure 1 centimeterb. adding 10 grams of salt to a cup of waterc. measuring the air pressure of a roomd. counting 28 shells from a beachMost of the Earth’s surface ocean currents are caused bya. stream flow from continentsb. differences in ocean water densityc. the revolution of the Earthd. the prevailing windsWaste produced by people in Delaware has been dumped into the Atlantic Ocean, where it is distributed by surface ocean currents. Which coastal area is most likely to become polluted by this waste?a. western coast of Europeb. southern coast of South Americac. western coast of Mexicod. eastern coast of Africa-12382558928000Base your answer to the following question on the map below. Letters A through F are locations on Earth’s surface.Ocean currents at location A move clockwise, and ocean currents at location B move counter-clockwise. These currents curve due to Earth’sa. internal structureb. rotationc. magnetic fieldd. revolutionBase your answer to the following question on the diagram below of a weather instrument.7334255397500Which weather variable is the instrument designed to measure?a. air pressureb. relative humidityc. visibilityd. dew point temperatureBase your answer to the following question on the map below.3619505270500Under normal climate conditions, what are the characteristics of the surface ocean current that flows along most of the west coast of South America?a. cool water moving toward the equatorb. cool water moving away from the equatorc. warm water moving toward the equatord. warm water moving away from the equatorAn ice cube is placed in a glass of water at room temperature. Which heat exchange occurs between the ice and the water within the first minute?a. the ice cube loses heat and the water gains heatb. both the ice cube and the water gain heatc. both the ice cube and the water lose heatd. the ice cube gains heat and the water loses heatAs a lake’s water temperature decreases on a cloudy night, what occurs at the interface between the lake’s surface and the air above the lake?a. energy given up by the lake is lost directly to outer spaceb. more energy is gained by the lake than is gained by the airc. the temperature of the air remains constantd. energy is gained by the air from the lakeAn ice cube is placed in a glass of water at room temperature. Which heat exchange occurs between the ice and the water within the first minute?a. the ice cube loses heat and the water gains heatb. both the ice cube and the water gain heatc. both the ice cube and the water lose heatd. the ice cube gains heat and the water loses heatWhich statement is the best example of heat energy transfer by conduction?a. heat energy is transferred from the Earth’s surface to the upper atmosphereb. heat energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earthc. heat energy is transferred from the surface soil to the rocks belowd. heat energy is transferred from the bottom to the top of a lakeBase your answers to the next 2 questions on the map below.4813301270000The air pressure recorded at Point D was most likelya. 1012 mbb. 1014 mbc. 1010 mbd. 1006 mbWhich location most likely recorded the highest wind speed?a. Ab. Bc. Cd. DHow does the amount of heat energy reflected by a smooth, dark-colored concrete surface compare with the amount of heat energy reflected by a smooth, light-colored concrete surface?a. the dark-colored surface will reflect more heat energyb. the dark-colored surface will reflect less heat energyc. the dark-colored surface will reflect the same amount of heat energyWhich statement is the best example of heat energy transfer by conduction?a. heat energy is transferred from the Earth’s surface to the upper atmosphereb. heat energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earthc. heat energy is transferred from the surface soil to the rocks belowd. heat energy is transferred from the bottom to the top of a lakeThe Florida and Gulf Stream ocean currents along the east coast of North America are botha. warm currents that flow northeastwardb. warm currents that flow southwestwardc. cool currents that flow northeastwardd. cool currents that flow southwestwardBase your question to the following question on the data table below, which shows the air pressure and air temperatures collected by nine observers at different elevations on the same side of a high mountain.26670018351500From sea level to an elevation of 1200 meters, air pressure decreased at the rate ofa. 1.0 mb/mb. 10.0 mb/mc. 0.1 mb/md. 100.0 mb/mWhich atmospheric conditions would cause smoke from a campfire on a beach to blow toward the ocean?a. warm air over the land and cool air over the oceanb. high air pressure over the land and low pressure over the oceanc. low-density air over the land and high-density air over the oceand. humid air over the land and dry air over the oceanDuring a total solar eclipse one might viewa. sunspotsc. sun’s coronab. the sun’s solar windd. nothing of the sun, since it is totally blocked by moon97213286550500The cross section of a house is shown below. Open stairways allow air to move from one floor to another. The ridge vent is an opening in the roof that allows air to move in or out of the attic.During a windless summer day, the air inside this house is warmed by the Sun. In which cross section do the arrows show the most likely air movement when the windows are opened?215392044450001790700101600b.d.00b.d.7023104064000381000130175a.c.00a.c.The fusion reaction that produces the sun’s energy occurs ina. the sun’s interior or core b. sunspot umbrasc . solar prominences d. the sun’s photosphereCompared to the Earth’s diameter, the sun’s diameter is abouta. the sameb. 400 times greaterc. 110 times greaterd. 745 times greater__________________ developed the Three Laws of Planetary Motion.a. Isaac Newtonc. Johannes Keplerb. Tycho Brahed. Bill NyeWhich change always occurs as the distance between the Earth and the Sun decreases?the gravitational force between the Earth and the Sun decreasesthe Sun’s apparent diameter decreasesthe Sun’s rate of rotation increasesthe Earth’s orbital speed increasesThe diagram below represents a student’s constructed laboratory drawing.5619758636000The student’s drawing best represents theshape of Earth’s Moonshape of an elliptical orbitpath of an earthquake wavepath of a projectile deflected by Earth’s rotatio67627549022000213423539052500Which diagram best represents a portion of the heliocentric model of the solar system? [S=Sun, E=Earth, and M=Moon]a. b.67627511938000213360012382500c. d.In our solar system, the orbits of the planets are best described ascircular, with the planet at the centercircular, with the Sun at the centerelliptical, with the planet at one of the focielliptical, with the Sun at one of the fociWhich diagram shows a planetary orbit with a low eccentricity?67627515049500( Key: = planet * = star ) a. 5905509969500b. 6127758445500c.6076952921000d.For what reason did the heliocentric model of the universe replace the geocentric model of the universe?The geocentric model no longer predicted the positions of the constellations.The geocentric model did not predict the phases of the MoonThe heliocentric model provided a simpler explanation of the motions of the planetsThe heliocentric model proved that the Earth rotates.141922522860000The diagram below shows a planet’s orbit around the Sun.At which location is the planet’s orbital velocity greatest?a. Ac. Cb. Bd. DWhat technology did Galileo Galilei use to prove Copernicus and Kepler were right?a. telescopec. microscopeb. satellited. spectroscopeWhich layer of the sun is the most dense?chromospheresc. corephotosphered. coronaThe sun emits energy by converting hydrogen into helium. What is this process called?a. sunspot formationc. solar windb. fusiond. fissionWhich motion causes the apparent rising and setting of the Moon each day, as seen from a location in Ashburn, Virginia?a. the Earth rotation on its axisb. the Earth revolving around the Sunc. the Moon rotating on its axisd. the Moon revolving around the EarthThe diagram below represents the Earth’s orbital path around the Sun. The Earth takes the same amount of time to move from A to B as from C to D.4476756794500Which values are equal within the system?the shaded sections of the diagram are equal in areathe distance from the Sun to the Earth is the same at point A and at point Dthe orbital velocity of the Earth at point A equals its orbital velocity at point Cthe gravitational force between the Earth and the Sun at point B is the same as the gravitational force at point DWhich layer of the sun is the visible surface?a. chromospherec. coronab. photosphered. radiation zone__________ is credited with proposing the heliocentric model of the solar system. a. Nicholas Copernicusb. Tycho Brahec. Ptolemy d. Johannes Kepler_______ 88. The Great Red Spot is a feature ofEarthJupiterSaturnMars_______ 89. Saturn and the other gas planets are mostly made up ofwatercarbon dioxideironhydrogen and helium_______90. The farthest planet from the sun isSaturnJupiterMarsNeptune_______ 91. The planet that is heavily cratered like the moon isMercuryJupiterSaturnUranus_______ 92. The hottest planet in the solar system due to the greenhouse effect isMercuryVenusEarthMars_______ 93. Unlike the other planets, the axis of Uranus isupside downverticaltipped on its sidetilted 23 ? degree_______ 94. The largest planet in the solar system isJupiterSaturnUranusNeptune_______ 95. Astronomers predicted Neptune’s existence usingtelescopesmathradarcomputers_______ 96. Saturn’s rings are made mostly ofgasdustsiliconice and rock_______ 97. Which of the following is not a terrestrial planet?MercuryVenusMarsJupiter_______ 98. What is the term that describes the big, outer gas planets?TerrestrialGalileanCelestialJovian_______ 99. Which planet orbits the sun in the shortest period of time?MercuryVenusEarthMars_______ 100. The Asteroid Belt is located between what two planets?Uranus and NeptuneMars and JupiterVenus and EarthNeptune and Pluto ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download