Frame and Panel Construction



Frame and Panel Construction

Page 1

*Uses for frame and panel: Doors, windows, sides, fronts, interior casework

*Advantages

-Dimensional Stability

-Low amount of warpage

-Adds design qualities

-Can be made to look traditional or contemporary

-Glass or metal can be added instead of wood

I. Interior Cabinet Parts

A. Open or Skeleton Frame

1. Stiles-vertical members

2. Rails-horizontal members

3. Held together with dowels, splines, biscuits, mortis and tenons

4. Dust panels-1/4” plywood or hardboard placed between drawers

II. Exterior Furniture Parts and Architectural Woodwork

A. Frame

1. solid wood

2. 4 pieces (2 stiles and 2 rails)

3. Crossrail-middle horizontals

4. Mullion-middle stiles

5. Frames are usually ¾” thick

6. Can be butt jointed to the frame

a. glued

b. finish nailed

Frame and Panel Construction

Page 2

Exterior furniture parts cont.

B. Sticking

1. Frames inside edge

a. square

b. molded

2. Standard types

a. flush, elevated, ogee, bead and cove

3. Used for decoration

C. Corner Joints

1. Many types

a. dowel joints

b. mortis and tenon joint

c. can be rabbet

D. Panel

1. Plywood or solid wood

2. Many types

a. flush panel-used for sides and cases

3. Elevated or raised panel

a. furniture doors

b. edges are rounded for appearance

4. Straight of plane panel

a. simplest

5. Shoulder raised-one-side panel

a. used in contemporary furniture

6. Beveled raised-one-side panel

a. most common

b. panels are solid or veneer core

c. very attractive

Frame and Panel Construction

Page 3

Panel cont.

7. Beveled raised-two-sides panel

a. used on large doors

b. good appearance on both sides

8. Frame/panel for glass or metal grille

a. rabbet is cut inside panel frame and glass or metal is placed in groove

III. General Procedure for making a Frame and Panel

A. Determine overall size of the frame

1. cut all wood to width

2. cut stiles to length

3. attach correct joints

4. cut rails to fit between stiles

5. attach rails

B. Cutting the Panel

1. determine size of the panel

2. determine how the panel will be attached to the frame

3. cut panel to size (include material for the joint)

4. make a dry fit

5. sand the panel

6. glue up the frame

7. never apply glue to the panel (the panel should move/float within the frame)

Frame and Panel Construction

Page 4

IV. Tools used to make Panel Doors

A. Table Saw

1. Universal jigs can be used

2. Dado blades are most often used

3. Blade is set at 75degrees or 15 degree’s from 90

4. Difficult to get fine finishes

B. Radial Arm Saw

1. Head must be rotated 90 degrees

2. Set machine to bevel rip

3. Use an auxiliary fence

4. Difficult to get fine finish

C. Shaper

1. Use a Stile and Rail cutter bit

2. Very simple

3. Most widely accepted practice

4. Multiple shapers allow less setup and tear down time

5. Dangerous for small doors

D. Router

1. Similar to the shaper

2. Uses a matched bit set up

3. ½” collet most used

4. panel must be clamped down (never do freehand without clamping

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