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Dante’s Inferno Outline/Study Guide

I. Circle One (Beginning of Sins of the She-Wolf)

a. Limbo-Virtuous Pagans

i. People: Socrates, Plato, Homer, etc

1. Punishment: No torment, just no hope

II. Circle Two

a. The Carnal

i. People: Helen, Achilles, Francesca and Paolo, Cleopatra

1. Punishment: Swept forever in a giant tempest

a. Monsters: Minos-monster that sentences people to the levels by wrapping his tail around himself

III. Circle Three

a. The Gluttons

i. People: Ciacco (the Hog)

1. Punishment: Gigantic garbage dump, filth falls constantly, stinking rain, souls lie in the icy, nasty paste

a. Monsters: Cerberus- three headed dog, stands guard and rips them apart

IV. Circle Four

a. The Hoarders and the Wasters

i. People: No famous people

1. Punishment: The two groups push great boulders apart, then together, then apart constantly

a. Monsters: At the edge, Plutus menaces Dante and Virgil, but Virgil talks him out of torturing them

V. Circle Five

a. River of Styx- the Wrathful and the Sullen

i. People: Filippo Argenti

1. Punishment: The Wrathful fight forever in the swampy river, the Sullen are buried in tombs underneath the water

a. Monsters: To get across the river, Dante and Virgil ride on a boat with Phlegyes, the Boatman of Styx

i. This is the end of Upper Hell

VI. Circle Six

a. The Heretics; City of Dis; the Fallen Angels

i. People:Farinata Degli Uberti, Cavalcante de Cavalcanti, Pope Anastasius

1. Punishment: Sinners are trapped in fiery tombs

a. Monsters: The Three Furies and Medusa are at the Gate of Dis; the Heavenly Messenger opens the Gate

VII. Circle Seven

a. The Violent and Bestial (Sins of the Lion)

Round 1: Against Neighbors

i. People: Alexander the Great, Attila

1. Punishment: buried in river of boiling blood according to severity of sin

a. Monsters: Minotaur, at beginning of the circle, then the Centaurs, but Virgil wins over their chief, Chiron, and gets Nessus to help them across the river

Round 2: Against Themselves

ii. People: Pier Delle Vigne, Lano de Siena

1. Punishment: Trapped in trees (Wood of Suicides), chewed on and chased by Harpies

a. Monsters: The Harpies- dog-like monsters that tear at the trees

Round 3: Against God, Nature, and Art (Blasphemers, Perverts, Usurers,Sodomites)

iii. People: Brunetto, Capaneus

1. Punishment: trapped in burning sand; rain of fire; burned from above and below

a. Monsters: Geryon, at crossing from 7th to 8th circle, flies Virgil and Dante over the waterfall

VIII. Circle 8

a. Malebolge (Evil Ditches) (Beginning of Hell of the Fraudulent and Malicious)

-Simple Fraud

1: Panderers and Seducers

i. People: Jason

1. Punishment: must walk alongside the ditch constantly

a. Monsters: demons with lashes keeping them walking

2: Flatterers:

ii. People: Thais, Alessio Interminelli

1. Punishment: sunk in excrement

3: Simoniacs

iii. People: Pope Nicholas III

1. Punishment: sinners immersed in pool-like crevices with their feet out, feet are burnt according to the degree of their sins

4: Fortune Tellers and Diviners

iv. People: TIresias, Eurypylus

1. Punishment: heads backwards, must walk backwards, eyes blinded with tears

5: Grafters

v. People: Senator of Lucca

1. Punishment: immersed in boiling tar, torn at by demons

a. Monsters: demons with grappling hooks, leader: Malacoda, demon minions.

6: Hypocrites

vi. People: Jovial Friars, Caiaphas

1. Punishment: wear cloaks lined with lead, trudge around giant circle

7: Thieves

vii. People: Vanni Fucci, 5 noble thieves of Florence

1. Punishment: snakes wrapped around them, binding their hands, they are stabbed in the neck by the serpents and destroyed by fire and regenerated painfully

8: Evil Counselors

viii. People: Ulysses and Diomede

1. Punishment: blind and enclosed in flames

9: Sowers of Discord (religious, political, and between kinsmen)

ix. People: Mohammed, Pier da Medicina, Bertrand de Born

1. Punishment: eternally hacked by giant demons with bloody swords, then painfully regenerate while walking around a circle, then at the end of the circle, they are hacked again

10: Falsifiers (Alchemists, counterfeiters, perjurers, impersonators)

1. Punishments: darkness, stench, filth, disease, shrieks, thirst

a. Alchemists:

i. People: Capocchio

1. Punishment: Scabs covering body

b. Impersonators:

i. People: Gianni Schicchi and Myrra

1. Punishment: Changed into hogs chasing others

c. Counterfeiters:

i. People: Master Adam

1. Punishment: eternal thirst, cracked tongues, bloated bellies

d. Perjurers:

i. People: Potiphar’s Wife, SInon the Greek

1. Punishment: fever, smoke/heat cooking body

IV. Circle 9: Compound Fraud:

- Between Circles 8 and 9 are the Giants-Nimrod, Antaeus, etc

Round 1: Caina

x. Treacherous to Kin

1. People: Alessandro, Napoleon

a. Punishment: up to necks in ice; can bend necks

Round 2: Antenora

xi. Treacherous to Country

1. People: Bocca Degli Abbati (the one Dante treats with savagery)

a. Punishment: heads above ice, but cannot bend necks. Some bite at each other

Round 3: Ptolomea

xii. Treacherous to Guests and Hosts

1. People: Friar Alberigo

a. Punishment: Only half of face out of ice, tears freeze in their eyes

Round 4: Judeca

xiii. Treacherous to Masters

1. People: Judas Iscariot (in central mouth of Satan), Brutus and Cassius (in side mouths of Satan)

a. Punishment: buried completely and distorted in ice

i. Monster: Satan himself

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