Turkey: Important Dates



SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Turkey: Important DatesTrojan War between Greece and Troy (western Anatolia), may have been based on real conflict ~1200 b.c.13th century a.d., Ottoman Empire established. Constantinople/Istanbul captured in 1453.16th century, under Selim I, Ottoman Empire reaches maximum extension1571 defeat/destruction of Turkish fleet at battle of Lepanto1839 Beginning of Tanzimat, reform process in Ottoman Empire (largely inconsequential)19th century, Ottoman Empire’s losses of Greece, Romania, Serbia, Tunisia, and Egypt1881 Bankruptcy of Ottoman Empire leads to European financial control1908 Young Turks. Overthrow of Abdulhamid II.1912-13 Balkan Wars result in loss of remaining European territories1914 Ottoman Empire enters WWI on German side; loss leads to complete dismemberment of Empire, and much ethnic conflict.1922 Last Sultan is overthrown by Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk). The caliphate is also eliminated.1923 Turkey formally established as a republic, under Atatürk. Capital is moved to Ankara1938 Atatürk dies, succeeded by Ismet ?n?nü (who rules until 1950); country remains neutral in WWII1952 Turkey enters NATO, allows formation of US military bases1960 military coup, civilians return to power in 19731974 Turkey occupies northern part of island of Cyprus; conflict with Greece and therefore EU1980 Armed forces oust Demirel and return to power under General Kenan Evren, who wins election in 1982. ?zal is initially deputy prime minister 1980s Kurdish separatism movements 1989 Turgut ?zal becomes President; dies in 1993.1991 ?zal’s Motherland party loses elections, and is replaced by Süleyman Demirel’s True Path Party. Demirel becomes President in 1993.1993 Tansu ?iller becomes prime minister; first woman in that post. Her short rule was marred by charges of corruption.1996 Turkey and the EU begin to phase in a customs union, responding to Turkey’s long expressed desire for integration into the EU.1996 Necmettin Erbakan, an Islamist politician, becomes Prime Minister. His party is outlawed the following year, and he is forced from office under pressure by military.1999 Earthquake kills 17,000.2003 Recep Tayyip Erdogan, leader of the (weakly) Islamist AKP-Justice and Development Party - becomes Prime Minister. He has pushed for accession into the EU, apparently unsuccessfully. The AKP increased its majority in Parliament in 2007. In 2009 he walked out of a conference with Israel’s Simon Peres. Relations with Armenia have improved.2008 Trial starts of suspected members of Ergenekon group, accused of planning a military coup. A similar event occurs in 2010 over an alleged 2003 Sledgehammer plot2010 Constitution modified; government claims it to be more democratic, opposition says AKP seeping control of judiciary.2010 A Turkish boat taking aid to Gaza is stopped by Israeli forces, and some Turks die. Referendum on constitutional reform backs increased parliamentary control over army and judiciary.2011 AKP wins elections; Erdogan begins third term in office.2011 Renewed violence with Kurdish militants.2012/13 Turkey is seen as favoring opposition in Syrian civil war. Relations with Israel sour.2013 Street protests over planned construction in Istanbul’s Taksim Square. In December, several ministers resign amid corruption charges, challenging Erdogan’s rule, in what is seen as conflict between Erdogan and religious figure Fetullah Gulen.Link to BBC Timeline: Turkey ................
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