Public High School Graduation Rates - National Center for Education ...

Chapter: 2/Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education Section: High School Persistence and Completion

Public High School Graduation Rates

In school year 2018?19, the national adjusted cohort graduation rate (ACGR) for public high school students was 86 percent, the highest it has been since the rate was first measured in 2010?11. Asian/Pacific Islander students had the highest ACGR (93 percent), followed by White (89 percent), Hispanic (82 percent), Black (80 percent), and American Indian/Alaska Native (74 percent) students.

This indicator examines the percentage of U.S. public high school students who graduate on time, as measured by the adjusted cohort graduation rate (ACGR). In this indicator, the United States includes public schools in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. State education agencies calculate the ACGR by identifying the "cohort" of first-time ninth-graders in a particular school year. The cohort is then adjusted by adding any students who

immigrate from another country or transfer into the cohort after 9th grade and subtracting any students who transfer out, emigrate to another country, or die. The ACGR is the percentage of students in this adjusted cohort who graduate within 4 years with a regular high school diploma. The U.S. Department of Education first collected the ACGR in 2010?11.1

Figure 1. Adjusted cohort graduation rate (ACGR) for public high school students, by state and categorized into specific ranges: 2018?19

WA 81 OR 80

ID 81

MT 87

WY 82

NV

84

UT

CA

87

85

CO 81

AZ 78

NM 75

U.S. average: 86 percent

ND 88 SD 84 NE

88 KS 87

MN 84

WI 90

IA 92

IL 86 MO 90

OK 85 TX 90

AR 88

MS 85 LA 80

NH, 88 VT, 85

NY 83

MI

81

PA

87

IN 87

OH 82

KY 91 TN 91

WV 91 VA

88 NC 87 SC 81

AL

GA

92

82

ME 87

MA, 88 RI, 84 CT, 89 NJ, 91 DE, 89 MD, 87 DC, 69

FL 87

AK 80

HI, 85

Less than 80 percent (2 states and DC) 80 percent to less than 90 percent (40 states) 90 percent or higher (8 states)

NOTE: The ACGR is the percentage of public high school freshmen who graduate with a regular diploma within 4 years of starting ninth grade. The U.S. average ACGR is for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The graduation rates displayed above have been rounded to whole numbers. Categorizations are based on unrounded percentages. The Alabama State Department of Education has indicated that their ACGR data for some years was misstated. For more information, please see the following press release issued by the state: . SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Consolidated State Performance Report, 2018?19; and National Center for Education Statistics, EDFacts file 150, Data Group 695, and EDFacts file 151, Data Group 696, 2018?19. See Digest of Education Statistics 2020, table 219.46.

The U.S. average ACGR for public high school students increased from 79 percent in 2010?11 to 86 percent in 2018?19. In 2018?19, the ACGR ranged from 69 percent

in the District of Columbia to 92 percent in Iowa and Alabama.2 Forty states reported ACGRs from 80 percent to less than 90 percent.3

The Condition of Education 2021 | 1

Public High School Graduation Rates

Chapter: 2/Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education Section: High School Persistence and Completion

Figure 2. Adjusted cohort graduation rate (ACGR) for public high school students, by race/ethnicity: 2018?19

Percent

100

93

89

90

86

80

82

80

74

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 Total1

White

Black

Hispanic

Asian/Pacific Islander2

American Indian/ Alaska Native3

Race/ethnicity

1 Includes other race/ethnicity categories not separately shown. 2 Reporting practices for data on Asian and Pacific Islander students vary by state. Asian/Pacific Islander data in this indicator represent either the value reported by the state for the "Asian/Pacific Islander" group or an aggregation of separate values reported by the state for "Asian" and "Pacific Islander." "Asian/Pacific Islander" includes the "Filipino" group, which only California and Hawaii report separately. 3 Estimated assuming a count of zero American Indian/Alaska Native students for Hawaii. NOTE: The ACGR is the percentage of public high school freshmen who graduate with a regular diploma within 4 years of starting ninth grade. The total ACGR is for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Consolidated State Performance Report, 2018?19; and National Center for Education Statistics, EDFacts file 150, Data Group 695, and EDFacts file 151, Data Group 696, 2018?19. See Digest of Education Statistics 2020, table 219.46.

In 2018?19, the ACGRs for American Indian/Alaska Native4 (74 percent), Black (80 percent), and Hispanic (82 percent) public high school students were below the U.S. average of 86 percent. The ACGRs for White (89 percent) and Asian/ Pacific Islander5 (93 percent) students were above the U.S. average. Across states, the ACGRs for White students ranged from 79 percent in New Mexico to 95 percent in New Jersey, and were higher than the U.S. average ACGR of 86 percent in 37 states and the District of Columbia. The rates for Black students ranged from 67 percent in New Mexico to 90 percent in Alabama. Texas, Delaware, West Virginia, and Alabama were the only four states in which the rates for Black students were higher than the U.S. average ACGR. The ACGRs for Hispanic students ranged from 60 percent in the District of Columbia to 91 percent

in Alabama and West Virginia, and they were higher than the U.S. average ACGR in six states (Delaware, Florida, Missouri, Texas, Alabama, and West Virginia). For Asian/ Pacific Islander students, ACGRs ranged from 83 percent in Vermont to 97 percent in New Jersey,6 and they were higher than the U.S. average ACGR in 47 states and the District of Columbia. Vermont, Nebraska, and Hawaii were the only three states in which the rates for Asian/Pacific Islander students were lower than the U.S. average ACGR. The ACGRs for American Indian/Alaska Native students ranged from 51 percent in Minnesota to 94 percent in Alabama, and were higher than the U.S. average ACGR in eight states (Texas, Virginia, Louisiana, Tennessee, Connecticut, New Jersey, Alabama, and Kentucky).7,8

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Public High School Graduation Rates

Chapter: 2/Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education Section: High School Persistence and Completion

Figure 3. Adjusted cohort graduation rate (ACGR) of White and Black public high school students, by state and the United States: 2018?19

State

Hawaii Delaware Alabama West Virginia Wyoming North Carolina

Georgia Arkansas Oklahoma Mississippi

Alaska Rhode Island

Texas Maine South Carolina Virginia Florida Idaho Tennessee Kentucky Maryland Washington Kansas Arizona United States Louisiana South Dakota North Dakota

Iowa Oregon Missouri Colorado Montana California New Jersey New Mexico Indiana Massachusetts Connecticut New Hampshire

Illinois Michigan Nebraska

Utah Vermont Nevada Pennsylvania

Ohio New York Minnesota Wisconsin District of Columbia

1

83

84

88 3 91

90

3 93

88

4

92

78

6

84

84

6

90

80

6

86

83

6

90

80

6

86

82

7

88

79

7

86

81

7

88

86

8

94

80

8

88

76

8

84

84

8

92

82

9

90

74

9

83

85

9

93

83

9

92

84

9

93

74

9

83

80

9

89

73

9

83

80

10

89

76

10

86

79

11

90

81

11

92

82

11

93

70

11

81

81

11

92

74

12

86

78

12

90

77

12

88

83

12

95

67

12

79

77

12

89

80

13

93

80

13

93

76

14

90

77

14

91

70

15

85

78

15

93

75

15

90

71

15

86

72

15

87

75

16

91

69

16

85

74

16

90

70

19

89

71

22

94

69

24

93

0

50

60

70

80

90

100

Percent

Black

ACGR gap1 White

1 Although only whole percentages are displayed in this figure, the ACGR gaps are calculated using the most precise graduation rates available for public use, which include some rates rounded to one decimal place and some rates rounded to whole numbers to protect student privacy. Gaps presented in this figure may vary slightly from those that would be calculated using rates with more precision. NOTE: The ACGR is the percentage of public high school freshmen who graduate with a regular diploma within 4 years of starting ninth grade. The U.S. average ACGR is for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Consolidated State Performance Report, 2018?19; and National Center for Education Statistics, EDFacts file 150, Data Group 695, and EDFacts file 151, Data Group 696, 2018?19. See Digest of Education Statistics 2020, table 219.46.

The U.S. average ACGR for White public high school students (89 percent) was 10 percentage points higher than the U.S. average ACGR for their Black peers (80 percent) in 2018?19.9 White students had higher ACGRs than Black

students in every state and the District of Columbia. Wisconsin and the District of Columbia reported the largest gaps between the ACGRs for White and Black students (22 and 24 percentage points, respectively).

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Public High School Graduation Rates

Chapter: 2/Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education Section: High School Persistence and Completion

Figure 4. Adjusted cohort graduation rate (ACGR) of White and Hispanic public high school students, by state and the United States: 2018?19

State

Hawaii West Virginia

Alabama Nevada Florida New Mexico Oklahoma Delaware South Carolina Arkansas Oregon

Mississippi Texas

Missouri Alaska Indiana Maine Kansas

California Montana Wyoming Washington United States Vermont Kentucky Michigan Arizona

North Carolina Illinois Idaho Iowa

Tennessee Georgia Utah

New Jersey Wisconsin Ohio Colorado Nebraska

Rhode Island Connecticut

New Hampshire Pennsylvania South Dakota New York North Dakota

Massachusetts Minnesota Louisiana Virginia Maryland

District of Columbia

85 83

-1 84 4

91 91 87

1 92 2 93

75

5

79

86

4

90

82

5

86

86

5

91

80

5

84

85

5

90

76

5

81

83

5

88

88

6

94

86

6

92

80

6

86

84

6

89

82

6

88

83

6

89

82

6

88

83

7

90

77

7

84

76

7

83

82

78

8

8

89

86

84

8

92

77

8

85

74

8

83

81

9

90

82

9

91

74

9

83

85

9

93

84

9

93

76

10

86

80

10

90

85

10

95

83

11

94

73

12

85

74

12

86

81

12

93

76

12

88

80

13

93

76

14

90

75

15

91

74

16

90

73

17

90

74

18

92

74

18

93

70

19

89

67

19

86

73

19

92

72

21

93

60

33

93

0

50

60

70

80

90

100

Percent

Hispanic

ACGR gap1 White

1 Although only whole percentages are displayed in this figure, the ACGR gaps are calculated using the most precise graduation rates available for public use, which include some rates rounded to one decimal place and some rates rounded to whole numbers to protect student privacy. Gaps presented in this figure may vary slightly from those that would be calculated using rates with more precision. NOTE: The ACGR is the percentage of public high school freshmen who graduate with a regular diploma within 4 years of starting ninth grade. The U.S. average ACGR is for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Consolidated State Performance Report, 2018?19; and National Center for Education Statistics, EDFacts file 150, Data Group 695, and EDFacts file 151, Data Group 696, 2018?19. See Digest of Education Statistics 2020, table 219.46.

The U.S. average ACGR for White students (89 percent) was 8 percentage points higher than the U.S. average ACGR for Hispanic students (82 percent) in 2018?19.9 The ACGRs for White students were higher than the ACGRs for Hispanic students in the District of Columbia and every state

except for Hawaii, where the ACGR for Hispanic students was higher than the ACGR for White students (85 vs. 84 percent). The District of Columbia reported the largest gap between the ACGRs for White and Hispanic students (33 percentage points).

The Condition of Education 2021 | 4

Public High School Graduation Rates

Chapter: 2/Preprimary, Elementary, and Secondary Education Section: High School Persistence and Completion

Endnotes:

1 Although a relatively new graduation rate measure, the ACGR is considered the most accurate measure available for reporting on-time graduation rates. For more information, see Seastrom, M., Chapman, C., Stillwell, R., McGrath, D., Peltola, P., Dinkes, R., and Xu, Z. (2006). User's Guide to Computing High School Graduation Rates, Volume 2: Technical Evaluation of Proxy Graduation Indicators (NCES 2006-605). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved March 18, 2021, from pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2006605. 2 Throughout this indicator, interpret Alabama data with caution. The Alabama State Department of Education has indicated that their ACGR data for some years was misstated. For more information, please see the following press release issued by the state: Releases/12-08-2016%20Graduation%20Rate%20Review.pdf. 3 Throughout this indicator, counts of states are based on unrounded graduation rates. 4 Estimated assuming a count of zero American Indian/Alaska Native students for Hawaii. 5 Reporting practices for data on Asian and Pacific Islander students vary by state. Asian/Pacific Islander data in this indicator represent either the value reported by the state for

the "Asian/Pacific Islander" group or an aggregation of separate values reported by the state for "Asian" and "Pacific Islander." "Asian/Pacific Islander" includes the "Filipino" group, which only California and Hawaii report separately. 6 The ACGR for Asian/Pacific Islander students was 95 percent or higher in West Virginia. This value has been "blurred" to protect student privacy. 7 Discussion of ACGRs for American Indian/Alaska Native students excludes data for the District of Columbia, Hawaii, and Vermont. The American Indian/Alaska Native data are suppressed for the District of Columbia and Vermont to protect student privacy and are unavailable for Hawaii. 8 The ACGR for American Indian/Alaska Native students was 90 percent or higher in Kentucky. This value has been "blurred" to protect student privacy. 9 Although only whole percentages are displayed in this indicator, the calculations are based on the most precise graduation rates available for public use, which include some rates rounded to one decimal place and some rates rounded to whole numbers to protect student privacy. Gaps presented in this indicator may vary slightly from those that would be calculated using rates with more precision.

Reference tables: Digest of Education Statistics 2020, table 219.46

Related indicators and resources: Educational Attainment of Young Adults; High School Status Completion Rates [Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Groups]; Status Dropout Rates; Trends in High School Dropout and Completion Rates in the United States

Glossary: Adjusted Cohort Graduation Rate (ACGR); Gap; High school completer; High school diploma; Public school or institution; Racial/ethnic group

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