June (Seow) Project State Epidemiological Outcome

California State Epidemiological Profile:

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Consumption and Consequences

Compendium of Data Indicators from Existing Data Sources

California State Epidemiological Outcome Workgroup

(SEOW) Project

June 2009

Submitted to:

California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs (ADP)

1700 K Street

Sacramento, CA 95814

Prepared by:

Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control (EPIC) Branch

California Department of Public Health

1616 Capitol Avenue

Sacramento, CA 95814

California State Epidemiological Profile

June 2009

Disclaimer

This document was produced by the California Department of Public Health¡¯s Epidemiology and Prevention for

Injury Control Branch under a State Epidemiological Outcomes Workgroup (SEOW) Project contract with the

California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs (ADP). The SEOW Project is part of a federal initiative

created by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration¡¯s Center for Substance Abuse

Prevention (CSAP) to assist states and US territories create monitoring systems for alcohol, tobacco and other drugs (ATOD).

A consulting firm, Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc., implements the initiative on CSAP¡¯s behalf, and

oversees the grant with ADP.

Publication of this document does not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of the sponsoring agencies.

The document was produced for ADP as part of its efforts to develop practical and user-friendly ATOD

epidemiological profiles for California and its counties.

The suggested citation for this document is:

California Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch and Office of

Applied Research and Analysis, California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs. California State

Epidemiological Profile: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Consumption and Consequences. CDPH:

Sacramento, CA, June 2009.

Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control (EPIC) Branch, California Department of Public Health

and Office of Applied Research and Analysis, California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs

California State Epidemiological Profile

June 2009

California State Epidemiological Profile:

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Consumption and Consequences

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 1

Methodology..................................................................................................................................... 2

I. Availability

A. Alcohol Sales

1. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Figure I.1 ¨C Per Capita Alcohol Consumption (Age 14 and Older), California, 1990-2006 ............. 3

Highlights.......................................................................................................................................... 4

B. Tobacco Sales

2. California State Board of Equalization and United States Department of Agriculture

Figure I.2 ¨C Per Capita Cigarette Pack Consumption by Adults, California and United States,

1986-2006.................................................................................................................................. 4

Highlights......................................................................................................................................... 4

II. Consumption of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs

A. Youth

1. California Student Survey (CSS)

Table II.1 ¨C Past 30-Day Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs among 7th Graders,

California, 2001-2008 ................................................................................................................ 5

Table II.2 ¨C Lifetime Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs among 7th Graders, California,

2001-2008.................................................................................................................................. 6

Highlights.......................................................................................................................................... 6

Table II.3 ¨C Past 30-Day Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs among 9th Graders,

California, 2001-2008 ................................................................................................................ 7

Table II.4 ¨C Lifetime Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs among 9th Graders, California,

2001-2008.................................................................................................................................. 8

Highlights.......................................................................................................................................... 8

Table II.5 ¨C Past 30-Day Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs among 11th Graders,

California, 2001-2008 ................................................................................................................ 9

Table II.6 ¨C Lifetime Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs among 11th Graders, California,

2001-2008................................................................................................................................ 10

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 10

Table II.7 ¨C High Risk Users and Excessive Alcohol Users: Grades 7, 9, and 11, California, 20012008 ......................................................................................................................................... 11

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 11

Overview of CSS Findings for All Grades ...................................................................................... 11

Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control (EPIC) Branch, California Department of Public Health

and Office of Applied Research and Analysis, California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs

i

California State Epidemiological Profile

June 2009

2. California Student Tobacco Survey (CSTS)

Table II.8 ¨C Past 30-Day Tobacco Use Among Students in Grades 9-12 Who Have Ever Smoked,

California, 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008 ................................................................................... 13

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 13

3. California Health Interview Survey (CHIS)¡ªAdolescents

Table II.9 ¨C Past 30-Day Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs among Adolescents 12¨C17

Years of Age, California, 2003, 2005, and 2007 .................................................................... 14

Table II.10 ¨C Lifetime Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs among Adolescents 12¨C17 Years

of Age, California, 2003, 2005, and 2007 ................................................................................ 15

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 15

4. National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)¡ªAdolescents

Figure II.11 ¨C Selected Measures of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use in the Past Month,

Age 12 to 17, Percentages, California, 2002-2007 ................................................................. 16

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 16

B. Adults

1. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS)

Figure II.12 ¨C Past 30-Day Alcohol Use among Adults, California, 2001-8 ................................... 17

Table II.13 ¨C Selected Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption Indicators, California Compared with

United States, 2007 ................................................................................................................. 18

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 18

2. California Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFS) and California Adult Tobacco Survey

Figure II.14 ¨C Smoking Prevalence among Adults, California, 1984-2006 .................................... 19

Figure II.15 ¨C Smoking Prevalence among Adults by Gender, California, 1984-2006 .................. 20

Figure II.16 ¨C Smoking Prevalence among Adults by Age Group, California, 1994-2006............. 21

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 21

3. California Health Interview Survey (CHIS)¡ªAdults

Table II.17 ¨C Tobacco and Alcohol Use among Adults, California, 2003, 2005 and 2007 ............ 22

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 22

4. California Tobacco Survey (CTS)

Table II.18 ¨C Past 30-Day Use of Tobacco Among Adults by Age, Gender, Race, and Ethnicity,

California, 1999, 2002, and 2005 ............................................................................................ 23

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 23

5. California Women¡¯s Health Survey (CWHS)

Table II.19 ¨C Past 30-Day Use of Alcohol Among Women by Age, Race, and Ethnicity, California,

2005-2006................................................................................................................................ 24

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 24

Table II.20 ¨C Current Use of Tobacco Among Women by Age, Race, and Ethnicity, California,

2006 ......................................................................................................................................... 25

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 25

6. Maternal Infant Health Assessment Survey (MIHA)

Table II.21 ¨C Percentage of Adult Women Giving Birth Who Reported Drinking During Pregnancy

by Age, Race, and Ethnicity, California, 2005-2006................................................................ 26

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 26

Table II.22 ¨C Percentage of Adult Women Giving Birth Who Reported Smoking During Pregnancy

by Age, Race, and Ethnicity, California, 2005-2006................................................................ 27

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 27

Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control (EPIC) Branch, California Department of Public Health

and Office of Applied Research and Analysis, California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs

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California State Epidemiological Profile

June 2009

7. National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)¡ªAdults

Figure II.23 ¨C Selected Measures of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use in the Past Month,

Age 18 to 25, California, 2002-2007........................................................................................ 28

Figure II.24 ¨C Selected Measures of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use in the Past Month,

Age 26 and Over, California, 2002-2007 ................................................................................. 29

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 29

III. Consequences of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use

A. Health

1. California Death Statistical Master Files

Figure III.1 ¨C Rates for Alcohol and Drug-related Deaths, California, 2000-2007 ......................... 30

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 30

Table III.2 ¨C Numbers and Rates for Alcohol and Drug-related Deaths by Type, California, 200731

Table III.3 ¨C Number of Alcohol and Drug-related Deaths by Age, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity,

California, 2007........................................................................................................................ 32

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 32

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Alcohol-Related

Disease Impact (ARDI)

Table III.4 ¨C Estimated Number of Annual Alcohol-Attributable Deaths Due to Medium and High

Average Daily Alcohol Consumption, California, 2001-2005................................................... 33

Table III.5 ¨C Estimated Number of Annual Alcohol-Attributable Years of Potential Life Lost Due to

Medium and High Average Daily Alcohol Consumption, California, 2001-2005 ..................... 34

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 34

3. California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD)¨CHospital Inpatient

Discharge and Emergency Department Encounters Data

Figure III.6 ¨C Rates of Alcohol, Drug, and Tobacco-related Hospitalizations California, 2000

-2006 ....................................................................................................................................... 35

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 35

Figure III.7 ¨C Rates (and Numbers) of Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits for

ATOD, California, 2006 ........................................................................................................... 36

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 36

B. Traffic

1. Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS)

Figure III.8 ¨C Injury Collisions, Persons Injured, and Drivers Who Had Been Drinking in Alcoholinvolved Motor Vehicle Collisions, California, 2000-2006 ....................................................... 37

Figure III.9¨C Fatal Collisions, Persons Killed, and Drivers Who Had Been Drinking in Alcoholinvolved Motor Vehicle Collisions, California, 2000-2006 ....................................................... 38

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 38

2. Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)

Figure III.10¨C Persons Killed in Alcohol-related Crashes by Driver¡¯s Blood Alcohol Concentration

and Age, California, 2006 ........................................................................................................ 39

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 39

C. Crime

1. Monthly Arrest and Citation Register (MACR)

Table III.11 ¨C Adult and Juvenile Misdemeanor and Felony DUI Arrests, California, 2000- 2006 40

Figure III.12 ¨C Juvenile Felony Arrests for Drug Offenses, California, 2001-2007 ........................ 41

Highlights........................................................................................................................................ 41

Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control (EPIC) Branch, California Department of Public Health

and Office of Applied Research and Analysis, California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs

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