Chapter 39 - Digestion and Nutrition

?Multiple Choice1.?Helicobacter pylori has been associated with ____.??a.??irritable bowel syndrome?b.??duodenal ulcers?c.??peptic ulcers?d.??HPV?e.?GERD?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.1 Your Microbial "Organ"LEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.1 - Examine how Helicobacter pylori is harmful for humans.2.?Large gut populations of Bifidobacterium are associated with ____.??a.??peptic ulcers?b.?irritable bowel syndrome??c.??gastroesophageal reflux disease?d.??improved immune function?e.?increased vital capacity?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.1 Your Microbial "Organ"LEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.1 - Examine how Helicobacter pylori is harmful for humans.3.?A specialization of the stomach that aids in grinding for animals that lack teeth is the ____.??a.??crop?b.??rumen?c.??cloaca?d.??gizzard?e.?esophagus?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.3 - Examine the diet-related structural adaptations that birds and mammals have developed.4.?Which statement about digestion in ruminants is FALSE???a.??Ruminant animals have symbiotic bacteria to aid in the digestion of their food.?b.??Food materials are re-chewed.?c.??Chewing results in mechanically breaking down food and exposing more cellulose to digestive enzymes.?d.??Ruminants have a smaller range of foods in their diet than do humans.?e.?Ruminants have a single but disproportionately large stomach.?ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.3 - Examine the diet-related structural adaptations that birds and mammals have developed.

?Figure 39.2C5.?The storage organ indicated by the letter "C" is called the ____.??a.??mouth?b.??crop?c.??gizzard?d.??rumen?e.?cloaca?ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsPREFACE?NAME:??Figure 39.2CLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.3 - Examine the diet-related structural adaptations that birds and mammals have developed.6.?The letter “F” indicates the ____.??a.??mouth?b.??crop?c.??gizzard?d.??intestines?e.?cloaca?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsPREFACE?NAME:??Figure 39.2CLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.3 - Examine the diet-related structural adaptations that birds and mammals have developed.7.?Which of the following is an accessory organ of the human digestive system???a.??salivary gland?b.??esophagus?c.??stomach?d.??small intestine?e.?large intestine?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.4 - Illustrate the functions of the major organs in the human digestive system using a diagram.8.?Preliminary digestion of carbohydrates begins in the _____.??a.??mouth?b.??esophagus?c.??stomach?d.??duodenum?e.?jejunum?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.4 - Illustrate the functions of the major organs in the human digestive system using a diagram.9.?Food is moved through the digestive system by ____.??a.??sphincters?b.??accessory organs?c.??smooth muscle contractions?d.??movement of villi?e.?skeletal muscle contractionsANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.4 - Illustrate the functions of the major organs in the human digestive system using a diagram.?Figure 39.5A?Use the figure above to answer the following two questions.10.??The teeth designated by the letter "D" in the above figure are called ____.?a.??canines?b.??premolars?c.??incisors?d.??molars?e.?wisdom teeth?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.4 Chewing and SwallowingPREFACE?NAME:??Figure 39.5ALEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.5 - Examine the process of mechanical and chemical digestion in the mouth.11.?The teeth designated by the letter "B" in the above figure are called ____.??a.??canines?b.??premolars?c.??incisors?d.??molars?e.?wisdom teeth?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.4 Chewing and SwallowingPREFACE?NAME:??Figure 39.5ALEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.5 - Examine the process of mechanical and chemical digestion in the mouth.12.?An empty stomach increases its secretion of ____ to stimulate the appetite.??a.??pepsinogen?b.??ghrelin?c.??gastric fluid?d.??chyme?e.?serosa?ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.5 Food Storage and Digestion in the StomachLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.6 - Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.13.?The enzyme that digests protein is ____.??a.??ghrelin?b.??chyme?c.??pepsin?d.??sulfuric acid?e.?lipase?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.5 Food Storage and Digestion in the StomachLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.6 - Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.14.?Contractions of the stomach muscles ____.??a.??decrease following a heavy meal?b.??move chyme to the small intestine?c.??begin the digestion of protein?d.??begin the digestion of lipids?e.?close the pyloric sphincter?ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.5 Food Storage and Digestion in the StomachLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.6 - Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.?Figure 39.7?Use the figure above to answer the following question.15.?The structure designated by the letter "B" in the above figure is called the ____.??a.??pyloric sphincter?b.??esophagus?c.??small intestine?d.??duodenum?e.?appendix?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.5 Food Storage and Digestion in the StomachPREFACE?NAME:??Figure 39.7LEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.6 - Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.NOTES:??modifiedreplace with 39.716.?What are the smallest projections of the small intestine wall???a.??microvilli?b.??cilia?c.??villi?d.??brush border cells?e.?duodena?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.6 Structure of the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.7 - Examine how the functions of the small intestine are affected by its structure.?Figure 39.8A, B, and C?The following three questions refer to the figure above.17.??The structures illustrated in the figure are found in the ____.?a.??mouth?b.??esophagus?c.??stomach?d.??small intestine?e.?colon?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.6 Structure of the Small IntestinePREFACE?NAME:??Figure 39.8A, B, and CLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.7 - Examine how the functions of the small intestine are affected by its structure.18.?A blood vessel is indicated by the letter ____.??a.??A?b.??B?c.?C??d.??D?e.?E?ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.6 Structure of the Small IntestinePREFACE?NAME:??Figure 39.8A, B, and CLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.7 - Examine how the functions of the small intestine are affected by its structure.19.??A villus are indicated by the letter ____.?a.??A?b.??B?c.?C??d.??D?e.?E?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.6 Structure of the Small IntestinePREFACE?NAME:??Figure 39.8A, B, and CLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.7 - Examine how the functions of the small intestine are affected by its structure.20.?Which of the following enzymes digests starches???a.??pepsin?b.??catalase?c.??amylase?d.??lipase?e.?trypsin?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.21.?Which enzymes from the pancreas function in the small intestine to digest proteins???a.??amylases?b.??lipases?c.??trypsin and chymotrypsin?d.??bile acids?e.?disaccharidases?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.22.?Bile helps in the digestion of _____.??a.??carbohydrates?b.??fats?c.??carbohydrates?d.??proteins?e.?nucleic acids?ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.23.?Lipase is synthesized in the ____.??a.??pancreas?b.??small intestine?c.??large intestine?d.??stomach?e.?liver?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.24.?Which enzyme(s) digest nucleic acids???a.??pepsins?b.??disaccharidases?c.??aminopeptidase?d.??pancreatic nucleases?e.?amylase?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.25.??Most fluid that enters the digestive system is absorbed through the ____.?a.??stomach?b.??pancreas?c.??small intestine?d.??lymph vascular system?e.?large intestine?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.26.?Nutrient absorption mostly happens in the ____.??a.??stomach?b.??small intestine?c.??colon?d.??pancreas?e.?esophagus?ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.27.?Bile is made in the ____.??a.??gall bladder?b.??pancreas?c.??liver?d.??small intestine?e.?spleen?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.28.?Escherichia coli grows in the large intestine and is instrumental in making ____.??a.??vitamin B12?b.??bile?c.??vitamin K?d.??lipase?e.?vitamin C?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.8 The Large IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.10 - Examine the structure and functions of the large intestine.29.?Constipation can be caused by all of the following except ____.??a.??emotional stress?b.??a low-fiber diet?c.??a sedentary lifestyle?d.??dehydration?e.?bacterial infectionsANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.8 The Large IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.10 - Examine the structure and functions of the large intestine.30.?When the production of glucose exceeds what the body needs, it is stored as _____ or used to synthesize fats.??a.??urea?b.??bile?c.??adipose cells?d.??glycogen?e.??amylaseANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.12 - Examine the various types of nutrients that humans require.31.?In addition to being an energy source, fats are used to make _____.??a.?amino acids??b.??nucleic acids?c.??steroids?d.??skin cells?e.?carbohydrates?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.32.?Vitamin C ____.??a.??helps blood to clot?b.??is needed to make collagen?c.??is used to create coenzymes?d.??is fat soluble?e.?protects cell membranes?ANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.10 Vitamins, Minerals, and PhytochemicalsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.13 - Discuss the characteristics and importance of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals.33.?An example of a fat-soluble vitamin is ____.??a.??vitamin C?b.??thiamin?c.??riboflavin?d.??vitamin K?e.?folic acid?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.10 Vitamins, Minerals, and PhytochemicalsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.13 - Discuss the characteristics and importance of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals.34.??Calcium is a mineral that plays an important role in ____.?a.??producing thyroid hormone?b.??nerve function?c.??intercellular signaling?d.??supporting the hemoglobin molecule?e.?maintaining the cell membrane?ANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.10 Vitamins, Minerals, and PhytochemicalsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.13 - Discuss the characteristics and importance of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals.35.?Organic molecules found in plant foods that reduce the risk of certain disorders are known as ____.??a.??vitamins?b.??essential amino acids?c.??minerals?d.??phytochemicals?e.?lipids?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.10 Vitamins, Minerals, and PhytochemicalsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.13 - Discuss the characteristics and importance of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals.36.?An example of insoluble fiber is ____.??a.??glucose?b.??starch?c.??cellulose?d.??sucrose?e.?phospholipidsANSWER:??cDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.11 What Should You Eat?LEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.12 - Examine the various types of nutrients that humans require.37.?What is a source of omega-3-fatty acids???a.??nuts?b.??olive oil?c.??meat?d.??fish?e.?butter?ANSWER:??dDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.11 What Should You Eat?LEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.12 - Examine the various types of nutrients that humans require.38.?Which is an example of a monounsaturated fat???a.??butter?b.??olive oil?c.??coconut oil?d.??vegetable oil?e.?omega-6 fatty acidsANSWER:??bDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.11 What Should You Eat?LEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.12 - Examine the various types of nutrients that humans require.39.?Body mass index (BMI) is an indirect measurement of ____.??a.??caloric intake?b.??energy utilization?c.??basal metabolic weight?d.??age?e.?body fat?ANSWER:??eDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.12 Maintaining a Healthy WeightLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.14 - Examine why it is important to maintain a healthy body weight.40.?Obese people have a greater risk of four of the following. Which one is the exception???a.??type 1 diabetes?b.??colon cancer?c.??high blood pressure?d.??breast cancer?e.?heart disease?ANSWER:??aDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.12 Maintaining a Healthy WeightLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.14 - Examine why it is important to maintain a healthy body weight.Matching?Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.a.??a process that propels material in the esophagus farther along the tube to the stomachb.??ring of muscles that open and close to control passagewaysc.??thin, outermost layer of stomachd.??a regurgitated ball of food particlese.??emulsify fat globulesf.??have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganismsg.??interior lining of stomachh.??gastric inhibitory peptidei.??mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogenj.??a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomachDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.41.??bile saltsANSWER:??e?Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.a.??a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomachb.??ring of muscles that open and close to control passagewaysc.??thin, outermost layer of stomachd.??a regurgitated ball of food particlese.??emulsify fat globulesf.??have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganismsg.??interior lining of stomachh.??gastric inhibitory peptidei.??mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogenj.??a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomachDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.4 - Illustrate the functions of the major organs in the human digestive system using a diagram.42.?cudANSWER:??d?Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.a.??a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomachb.??ring of muscles that open and close to control passagewaysc.??thin, outermost layer of stomachd.??a regurgitated ball of food particlese.??emulsify fat globulesf.??have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganismsg.??interior lining of stomachh.??gastric inhibitory peptidei.??mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogenj.??a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomachDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.5 Food Storage and Digestion in the StomachLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.6 - Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.43.??gastric fluidANSWER:??i44.??chyme?ANSWER:??j45.??mucosa?ANSWER:??g46.??sphincter?ANSWER:??b?Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.a.??a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomachb.??ring of muscles that open and close to control passagewaysc.??thin, outermost layer of stomachd.??a regurgitated ball of food particlese.??emulsify fat globulesf.??have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganismsg.??interior lining of stomachh.??gastric inhibitory peptidei.??mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogenj.??a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomachDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.3 - Examine the diet-related structural adaptations that birds and mammals have developed.47.?ruminants?ANSWER:??f?Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.a.??a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomachb.??ring of muscles that open and close to control passagewaysc.??thin, outermost layer of stomachd.??a regurgitated ball of food particlese.??emulsify fat globulesf.??have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganismsg.??interior lining of stomachh.??gastric inhibitory peptidei.??mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogenj.??a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomachDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.4 - Illustrate the functions of the major organs in the human digestive system using a diagram.48.?peristalsisANSWER:??a49.??serosa?ANSWER:??cChoose the one most appropriate statement for each.?a.??made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragmentsb.??glucose, fructose, and galactose are examplesc.??made in the pancreas; acts on fatsd.??made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starche.??made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugarsf.??made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptidesg.??contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fatsh.??made in the stomach; acts on proteinsi.??stimulates hydrochloric acid secretionj.??circular muscle; acts like valveDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.50.??amylase?ANSWER:??d51.??bileANSWER:??g52.??disaccharidaseANSWER:??e53.??gastrin?ANSWER:??i54.??lipaseANSWER:??c55.??monosaccharidesANSWER:??b56.??pepsinANSWER:??h57.??amino- and carboxypeptidase?ANSWER:??a58.??sphincterANSWER:??j59.??trypsin?ANSWER:??fRespond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.?a.??stomachb.??gallbladderc.??small intestined.??appendixe.??large intestineDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.3 - Examine the diet-related structural adaptations that birds and mammals have developed.60.??The digestion of cellulose occurs in this part of the digestive system of the pronghorn antelope.ANSWER:??aRespond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.?a.??stomachb.??gallbladderc.??small intestined.??appendixe.??large intestineDIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.4 - Illustrate the functions of the major organs in the human digestive system using a diagram.61.??Short tubular projection of the large intestine.ANSWER:??d62.??This organ absorbs about 80 percent of the water that enters the human body, either as fluids or as part of food being eaten.ANSWER:??c63.??Enzymatic digestion of proteins occurs primarily in this organ.ANSWER:??c64.??Bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, and lecithin are stored by this organ.?ANSWER:??b?Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.a.??salivary glandsb.??stomach mucosac.??intestinal mucosad.??pancreas?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.65.??The enzyme pepsin is produced there.?ANSWER:??b66.??The enzyme carboxypeptidase is produced there.ANSWER:??d67.??The fat-digesting enzyme, lipase, is formed there.?ANSWER:??d68.??The peptide-digesting enzyme, aminopeptidase, is produced there.?ANSWER:??cRespond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.?a.??Vitamin B1b.??Vitamin B2c.??Niacind.??Vitamin B6e.??Vitamin B12DIFFICULTY:??DifficultREFERENCES:??39.10 Vitamins, Minerals, and PhytochemicalsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.13 - Discuss the characteristics and importance of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals.69.??This vitamin is a coenzyme involved in amino acid metabolism and is obtained from meats and starchy vegetables.?ANSWER:??d70.??This vitamin functions in carbohydrate metabolism.?ANSWER:??a71.??This vitamin is a component of the coenzyme NAD.?ANSWER:??c72.??A deficiency of this vitamin causes Beri beri?ANSWER:??a73.??A deficiency of this vitamin causes anemia and neurological disorders and is a coenzyme important in amino acid synthesis.ANSWER:??e?Figure 39.4?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.4 - Illustrate the functions of the major organs in the human digestive system using a diagram.74.??oral cavityANSWER:??a75.??salivary glands?ANSWER:??i76.??pharynxANSWER:??b77.??esophagus?ANSWER:??c78.??stomachANSWER:??d79.??liverANSWER:??j80.??small intestineANSWER:??e81.??gallbladder?ANSWER:??k82.??large intestineANSWER:??f83.??pancreasANSWER:??l84.??rectum?ANSWER:??g85.??anus?ANSWER:??hCompletion86.?The multiple stomach chambers of cattle and other __________ allow them to maximize absorption of the nutrients present in plant food.?ANSWER:??ruminants?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.3 - Examine the diet-related structural adaptations that birds and mammals have developed.87.?__________ moves food down the esophagus and through a(n) __________ (a ring of muscle that can close off an opening) into the stomach.?ANSWER:??Peristalsis; sphincter?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.4 - Illustrate the functions of the major organs in the human digestive system using a diagram.88.?Most digestion occurs and most nutrients and water are absorbed in the __________.?ANSWER:??small intestines?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.6 Structure of the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.89.?Saliva contains the enzyme __________, which begins the process of starch digestion.?ANSWER:??amylase?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.4 Chewing and SwallowingLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.5 - Examine the process of mechanical and chemical digestion in the mouth.90.?__________ in the stomach contains protein-digesting enzymes and acid.?ANSWER:??Gastric fluid?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.5 Food Storage and Digestion in the StomachLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.6 - Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.91.?__________, which assists in fat digestion, is made in the liver and stored in the __________.?ANSWER:??Bile; gallbladder?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.92.?Monoglycerides and fatty acids diffuse into a brush border cell, where they form triglycerides and combine with proteins to form __________.ANSWER:??lipoproteins?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.Objective Short Answer93.?Delivery of bile into the small intestine causes the __________ of fats, breaking them into smaller, more easily digested droplets.?ANSWER:??emulsification?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES:??39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.7 - Examine how the functions of the small intestine are affected by its structure.94.?Multicelled, absorptive structures called __________ are on each fold of the small intestines.?ANSWER:??villi?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES:??39.6 Structure of the Small IntestineLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.7 - Examine how the functions of the small intestine are affected by its structure.Subjective Short Answer95.?Chart the path of food through the human digestive system.?ANSWER:??Food would travel through the following components of the human digestive system in the order listed: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and would finally be expelled out the anus.?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.4 - Illustrate the functions of the major organs in the human digestive system using a diagram.96.?If you place a plain, dry cracker in your mouth, you will slowly notice a sweet taste. Why??ANSWER:??The cracker is made of starch, which by itself has little taste. However, the amylase in your saliva will slowly digest the starch and liberate monosaccharides that will taste sweet.?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??39.4 Chewing and SwallowingLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.5 - Examine the process of mechanical and chemical digestion in the mouth.97.?The liver is commonly damaged if drugs or other toxins are over consumed. Why??ANSWER:??All substances enter the blood stream and travel directly to the liver.? This is good, because the liver is the organ responsible for detoxifying drugs and other dangerous substances.? However, that also means that the liver is exposed to high levels of these toxins.? As a result, the liver is subject to damage.?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.98.?If you are seeking to maintain a healthy weight, should you be concerned about carbohydrate, fat or protein intake??ANSWER:??You should be concerned about the intake of all three! While fats are the most calorie dense, all three substances contain calories and will contribute to your total caloric intake. Where body mass is concerned, the source of the calories is less important than the total number of calories.?DIFFICULTY:??Bloom’s: AnalyzeREFERENCES:??39.11 What Should You Eat?LEARNING?OBJECTIVES:??UDOL.STES.16.39.12 - Examine the various types of nutrients that humans require. ................
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