SBI3U BIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW—MAJOR CONCEPTS AND …



SBI3U1 BIOLOGY EXAM REVIEW—MAJOR CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS

|PART |QUESTION TYPE |MARKS |

|A |MULTIPLE CHOICE |~30 |

|B |MATCHING/TRUE AND FALSE |~30 |

|C |DIAGRAMS |~20 |

|D |PROBLEMS |~10 |

|E |WRITTEN RESPONSE |~30 |

Diagrams: Digestive system, respiratory system, mammalian heart (know the structure and function of labeled parts)

Please write out answers to the topics below and bring any questions you have to class and extra help sessions.

True/False and multiple choice questions will also be provided as practice

Genetic Continuity

❑ sexual and asexual reproduction

❑ mitosis and meiosis—purpose, phases, differences

❑ know and apply terms used in genetics: gene, allele, chromosome, haploid, diploid, chromatids, DNA, dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, carrier, hybrid, homologous, phenotype, genotype, monohybrid cross, dihybrid cross, purebred, F1 generation, F2 generation, incomplete dominance, codominance, sex-linked

❑ #’s and types of chromosomes in males/females, gametes/somatic cells

❑ Solving problems in genetics using a Punnett square

❑ Solving problems in genetics using Pedigrees

1. a. Draw a cell 2n = 8 in prophase of meiosis 1. Label spindle fibres, chromosomes, centrioles. How many chromatids? How many homologous chromosomes? What event occurs in this stage? How many chromosomes would an organism with this cell have in each of its gamete cells at the end of meiosis?

b. Describe each phase of meiosis.

c. Explain the importance of meiosis.

2. In peas, the allele for tall plants (T) is dominant over the dwarf allele (t).

a) If you cross a homozygous tall plant and a short plant, what will the genotype and phenotype of the offspring be?

b) Determine the F2 genotypes and phenotypes.

3. Mr. Olson had 2 pet rats named Nick and Misha. Nick's black coat colour is dominant to Misha's cream coat. Can 2 black rats (male and female) produce a cream-coloured offspring? Show the cross.

4. In peas, the allele for purple flower colour (P) is dominant over the allele for white flower colour (p). Height is inherited as in #2 above. Cross a purebred tall purple plant with a purebred dwarf white plant. What are the F1 and F2 phenotypic and genotypic ratios.

5. Black is dominant to brown in guinea pigs, while short hair is dominant to long. Cross 2 heterozygous black, heterozygous short guinea pigs and determine the frequency of having brown pigs with short hair.

6. Colour blindness is sex-linked. What are the chances that a colour blind man will have a colour blind son if he has a child with a woman with no history of colour blindness. Show the cross.

7. Cross a heterozygous type A with a type O blood.

a. What are the phenotypes of their offspring?

b. What type of blood can a type A person receive? Which blood types can receive type O blood?

8. In Chinese Snap-Dragons red flower (R) is incompletely dominant to yellow flower (r), the hybrid being

orange. If a flower grower obtained 83 red flowers and 78 orange flowers from an original cross, what must have been the genotypes of the parents? (Show all work in justifying your answer.)

9. Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder. For the disease to be present, an individual must have two recessive alleles for the disease (cc). When the dominant allele (C) is present, the individual will not have Cystic fibrosis. Use the pedigree chart shown here to determine the genotypes of all individuals, where possible. Record the genotypes on the chart.

[pic]

Evolution

1. Define the terms evolution, phylogeny, adaptation, genetic variability, mimicry, survival of the fittest, mutation, speciation, cladogram

2. Compare Homologous, Analogous, and vestigial structures and give an example of each.

3. Describe the main points of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.

4. Provide an example for each of the following forms of natural selection.

a) directional selection, b) stabilizing selection,

c) disruptive selection, d) sexual selection

5. Explain the mechanisms of evolution a) genetic drift b)Bottleneck/Founder Effect c) genetic mutation

d) natural selection

6. Explain what is meant by the term artificial selection. Include an example to demonstrate

artificial selection.

7. What is the current definition of species?

8. Briefly describe allopatric and sympatric speciation.

9. What pre and post-zygotic mechanisms exist to prevent species from exchanging genetic information?

Give an example of each.

10. What specific types of information can be obtained from a cladogram?

Internal Systems - CIRCULATORY, DIGESTIVE, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

❑ Blood Components

❑ Blood types

❑ Types of circulatory systems

❑ Blood pressure

❑ Heart beat (systole, diastole)

❑ Arteries and Veins, capillaries

❑ Comparison of respiratory systems of different organisms

❑ Inhalation and exhalation

❑ Respiration

❑ Digestive system/enzymes

1. List the components of blood and their function.

What are the 4 blood types? Who can donate to who?

2. Trace the pathway of a molecule of oxygen from the outside air into the cells of your feet.

3. Describe what happens to a plate of French fries, eaten for lunch. Describe the pathway, ingestion, chemical and mechanical digestion, absorption, elimination, and activity of enzymes and bile etc.

4. What are enzymes? Why are enzymes important in digestion? Provide an example of an enzyme in digestion, explaining where it is produced and what substrate it works on.

5. Trace the pathway of a red blood cell from the foot to the brain.

6. Compare open and closed circulatory systems. Include examples

7. How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

8. Describe the mechanics of inhaling and exhaling (describe volume and pressure changes)

Diversity of Living Things

❑ Taxonomy classification and binomial nomenclature- reasons for

❑ Understand how to use dichotomous keys and cladograms

❑ 6 kingdoms—characteristics of each

❑ characteristics of prokaryotes (Archaebacteria and Eubacteria) versus eukaryotes

❑ reproduction in Bacteria--binary fission, conjugation

❑ structure of a bacteriophage viruse

❑ bacterial colony shapes and groupings (coccus, bacillus, strepto, staphlo etc.)

❑ Bacteria classified by oxygen requirements (aerobic, anaerobic, obligate anaerobe)

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Exam Date:

Friday June 20, 2014

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