Making Nouns Plural



Making Nouns Plural

Follow these rules to make a singular noun plural. Notice that you do not need an apostrophe!

Rule 1: To make regular nouns plural, add –s to the end.

Cat—cats

House—houses

Rule 2: If the singular noun ends in –s, -sh, -ch, -z, or –x, add –es to the end.

Truss-trusses

Bus-buses

Rule 3: If the noun ends with –f or –fe, the f is changed to –ve before the s is added.

Wife-wives

Knife-knives

Rule 4: If the singular noun ends in consonant –y, remove the –y and the ending is –ies.

City-cities

Puppy-puppies

Rule 5: If the singular noun ends in vowel –y, add an –s to the end.

Day-days

Essay-essays

Rule 6: If the singular noun ends in –o, add –es to make it plural.

Potato-potatoes

Tomato- tomatoes

Rule 7: If the singular noun ends in –us, the plural ending is frequently –i.

Cactus-cacti

Octopus-octopi

Rule 8: If the singular noun ends in –is, the plural ending is –es.

Analysis-analyses

Ellipsis-ellipses

Rule 9: If the singular noun ends in –on, the plural ending is –a.

Phenomenon-phenomena

Criterion-criteria

*Irregular nouns should be checked in the dictionary because they follow no specific rules.

Child-children

Goose-geese

Man-men

**Some nouns don’t change at all when they’re pluralized.

Sheep

Moose

Aircraft

You need to see these nouns in context to understand if they are singular or plural.

Example: Mark caught one fish, but I caught three fish.

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