Circulatory System (continued)



Circulatory System – The Heart

Date: _________

Review

1. Blood – composed of fluid, plasma and blood cells

• Red blood cells – __________________

• White blood cells – _________________

• Platelets – ________________________

2. Blood vessels

• Arteries – carry blood __________ from the heart

• Capillaries – smallest and most numerous, allow for ______________

___________________________________________

• Veins – carry blood ____________________

_____________ ( _____________ ( _____________ ( _____________ (

_____________

3. A pump – The heart

• Fish have a ________________________

• Amphibian, reptiles, and mammals have double circulation

• ________________________________ blood are pumped separately from the ____________________ sides of the heart

Mammalian Heart

2 atria – ________________________

2 ventricles – which pump blood _________

_________________________________

Heart Valves

The heart has 4 valves

Two A-V Valves

• Separate ___________________________________

__

(Keep the blood flowing in one direction and prevent

back flow to atria)

• ____________________________________________

• (or Mitral) valve on the __________________

Two Semilunar Valves

• ____________________________________________

(Prevent back flow back into the heart)

• ___________________ separates the left ventricle from the aorta

• _______________________ separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery

Heart Beat

• The “lub-dub” sound of a heart beat is caused by the recoil of blood __________________________________ then ______________

______________________________________

• ____________________________________________________ heart murmur

Mammalian Circulation

Pulmonary Circuit

• Carries blood from the _____________________ and back to the heart

Systemic Circuit

• Carries blood from the heart to the ________________ and back to the heart.

• The left ventricle is the _________________________________ and sends blood _______________________________________

• The __________is the largest artery which divides to deliver oxygenated blood to all the body cells.

Cardiac Cycle

Both sides of the heart beat at the same time

1. ________________________________________________ (semilunar valves are closed)

2. Once the ventricles are filled the A-V valves close. __________

_________________________________________________

______________________________________________

The Cardiac cycle is the rhythmic contracting and relaxing of the heart

• __________________________________________ systole

• _________________________________________ diastole

Blood Pressure

• Blood pressure is generally measured for an artery in the arm at the same height as the heart

• Blood pressure for a healthy 20 year old at rest = ______________

___________________________________________________

Controlling Heart Rate

• _________________ - specialized cells in the right atrium generates signals to contract

• The ____________ can act to increase or decrease heart rate.

• An ECG measures electrical impulses controlling heart muscles

Cardiovascular Disease

Atherosclerosis – __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Causes ________________________________ (hypertension)

• If untreated can result in heart attack or stroke.

• Heart attack - blocked ____________________________________ (artery that supplies the heart muscle)

• Strokes – _______________________ of arteries in the head

Circulatory System Disorder Treatments:

Angioplasty

• A technique used to widen a blocked blood vessel with a ______________

• Used to treat ______________

• Can also use a wire stent (mesh) to hold the vessel open

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Coronary Bypass

• A healthy artery or vein is taken from elsewhere in the body (eg. Leg) and is used to create a __________________ for blood to flow around the blockage

• Double, Triple or Quadruple bypasses used for multiple blockages.

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More Circulatory Disorders

Aneurysm

• A ______________________________________ the wall of an artery

• Most common in the _____________, can also occur at the base of the brain

• Treatments include surgery to remove the damaged portion and replacement with a patch or graft made of synthetic material

Arrhythmia

• A problem with _____________________________________________________

____________________________________________

• Can lead to insufficient blood flow to _______________________________ _______________________________

• May be treated with medications or surgery to implant an artificial pacemaker

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