Circulatory System (continued)
Circulatory System – The Heart
Date: _________
Review
1. Blood – composed of fluid, plasma and blood cells
• Red blood cells – __________________
• White blood cells – _________________
• Platelets – ________________________
2. Blood vessels
• Arteries – carry blood __________ from the heart
• Capillaries – smallest and most numerous, allow for ______________
___________________________________________
• Veins – carry blood ____________________
_____________ ( _____________ ( _____________ ( _____________ (
_____________
3. A pump – The heart
• Fish have a ________________________
• Amphibian, reptiles, and mammals have double circulation
• ________________________________ blood are pumped separately from the ____________________ sides of the heart
Mammalian Heart
2 atria – ________________________
2 ventricles – which pump blood _________
_________________________________
Heart Valves
The heart has 4 valves
Two A-V Valves
• Separate ___________________________________
__
(Keep the blood flowing in one direction and prevent
back flow to atria)
• ____________________________________________
• (or Mitral) valve on the __________________
Two Semilunar Valves
• ____________________________________________
(Prevent back flow back into the heart)
• ___________________ separates the left ventricle from the aorta
• _______________________ separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery
Heart Beat
• The “lub-dub” sound of a heart beat is caused by the recoil of blood __________________________________ then ______________
______________________________________
• ____________________________________________________ heart murmur
Mammalian Circulation
Pulmonary Circuit
• Carries blood from the _____________________ and back to the heart
Systemic Circuit
• Carries blood from the heart to the ________________ and back to the heart.
• The left ventricle is the _________________________________ and sends blood _______________________________________
• The __________is the largest artery which divides to deliver oxygenated blood to all the body cells.
Cardiac Cycle
Both sides of the heart beat at the same time
1. ________________________________________________ (semilunar valves are closed)
2. Once the ventricles are filled the A-V valves close. __________
_________________________________________________
______________________________________________
The Cardiac cycle is the rhythmic contracting and relaxing of the heart
• __________________________________________ systole
• _________________________________________ diastole
Blood Pressure
• Blood pressure is generally measured for an artery in the arm at the same height as the heart
• Blood pressure for a healthy 20 year old at rest = ______________
___________________________________________________
Controlling Heart Rate
• _________________ - specialized cells in the right atrium generates signals to contract
• The ____________ can act to increase or decrease heart rate.
• An ECG measures electrical impulses controlling heart muscles
Cardiovascular Disease
Atherosclerosis – __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
• Causes ________________________________ (hypertension)
• If untreated can result in heart attack or stroke.
• Heart attack - blocked ____________________________________ (artery that supplies the heart muscle)
• Strokes – _______________________ of arteries in the head
Circulatory System Disorder Treatments:
Angioplasty
• A technique used to widen a blocked blood vessel with a ______________
• Used to treat ______________
• Can also use a wire stent (mesh) to hold the vessel open
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Coronary Bypass
• A healthy artery or vein is taken from elsewhere in the body (eg. Leg) and is used to create a __________________ for blood to flow around the blockage
• Double, Triple or Quadruple bypasses used for multiple blockages.
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More Circulatory Disorders
Aneurysm
• A ______________________________________ the wall of an artery
• Most common in the _____________, can also occur at the base of the brain
• Treatments include surgery to remove the damaged portion and replacement with a patch or graft made of synthetic material
Arrhythmia
• A problem with _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________
• Can lead to insufficient blood flow to _______________________________ _______________________________
• May be treated with medications or surgery to implant an artificial pacemaker
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