Loudoun County Public Schools



First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 2 Notes: p. 5-8Date/Block: ____________________A _____________ is a vital link between _________________ and the _________.Size up the Scene: 3 Things to Consider1.2.3.Call 9-1-1 if the answer to any of these questions is “yes.” (see table 2.1-choose 4)1.2.3.4.When calling 9-1-1, be prepared to give the following information:1.2.3.4.5.List 2 examples of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) and describe how they protect you.List 6 steps you can follow to protect yourself from disease transmission when providing care.1.2.3.4.5.6.First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 3 Notes: p. 9-14Date/Block: ____________________How do you do a scene size-up? What do you look for?What is a primary check? What does it include?How do you check responsiveness?How do you check for breathing? What are some sounds that would indicate abnormal breathing?How do you check for severe bleeding and what do you do to control it?What is the recovery position and when is it used?What is a secondary check? What does it include?The DOTS guideline helps you identify keys signs of a problem.D _____________: O _____________:T _____________:S _____________:To conduct a physical exam, follow these steps:__Head_______:_____________:_____________:_____________:_____________:_____________:_____________:Define cyanosis:List and describe the steps to using the SAMPLE guideline to gather information (table 3.3)S __________________:A__________________:M_________________:P__________________:L__________________:E_________________:First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 4 Notes: p. 15-23Date/Block: ____________________Define Heart Attack:Define Cardiac Arrest:List and describe the five links in the chain of survival:___________________:___________________:___________________:___________________:___________________:What does CPR stand for?What is the goal of Chest Compressions?*REVIEW* How do you check responsiveness? What do you do if there is no response?Describe how you give chest compressions:Head _________, chin ________ to open the victim’s airway.Describe how you give rescue breaths:For ADULT CPR: You give _____ compressions and _____ breaths.For CHILD CPR: You give _____ compressions and _____ breaths.For INFANT CPR: You give _____ compressions and _____ breaths.Describe a mild airway obstruction:The signs of a severe airway obstruction include:1.2.3.4.What is the universal sign for choking?List and describe the steps for assisting a responsive adult or child who cannot speak, cough or breathe.1.2.List and describe the steps for assisting a responsive infant who cannot speak, cough or breathe.1.2.If the choking victim becomes unresponsive, call __________ and give ______________________. First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________CPR Practice TestDate/Block: ____________________Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer._____ 1. When you approach a victim who you think is unconscious, tap and shout to:A. Attract potential bystandersC. Check for responsiveness B. Check for possible head/neck injuriesD. None of these_____ 2. The head tilt-chin lift is used by a rescuer to:A. Correct and treat a spinal injuryC. Find a pulseB. Open the victim’s airwayD. Check for responsiveness_____ 3. A victim suffering from cardiac arrest needs:A. CPRC. A tourniquetB. An Epinephrine auto-injectorD. Direct pressure and elevation_____ 4. High blood pressure, smoking and lack of exercise are all:A. Symptoms of a diabetic emergencyC. Characteristics of bystandersB. Cardiovascular disease risk factorsD. All of these_____ 5. You should continue performing CPR on an unresponsive victim until:A. The victim regains consciousnessB. You become too exhausted to continueC. EMS or another responder takes overD. All of these_____ 6. When performing CPR on an adult, the depth of chest compression should be:A. 1 ? inchesC. at least 2 inchesB. 2 inchesD. None of these_____ 7. A conscious victim who is clutching their throat with both hands:A. Is giving the signal of a head injuryC. Is checking their pulseB. Is giving the universal sign of chokingD. Is giving the signal of a stroke_____ 8. You give abdominal thrusts on a conscious choking victim until:A. The victim becomes unconsciousC. The object becomes dislodgedB. The victim clutches their throatD. Either A or C_____ 9. You should place the victim in the recovery position when:A. The victim stops breathingC. The victim starts vomitingB. You must leave the victim aloneD. Both B and CMatching: Choose the best answer.A. Airway ObstructionB. Rescue BreathsC. CPRD. DefibrillationE. Heart AttackF. Chest Compression_____ 10. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, providing chest compressions and rescue breaths._____ 11. Death of part of the heart muscle due to stoppage of its blood supply._____ 12. A blockage of the airway by an object that is lodged in it._____ 13. Depressing the chest to more blood to the heart and brain._____ 14. Breathing provided by a responder to a victim who is not breathing._____ 15. An electric shock administered to re-establish a normal heart rhythm.First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 5 Notes: p 24-30Date/Block: ____________________AEDChances for survival dramatically improve with early ________________ and early ____________________ with the use of an _______.An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is used to ______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________.105537094615Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib) is described as:Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach) is described as:For every minute that defibrillation is delayed, the victim’s chance of survival is decreases by __________ to _________.Many types and models of AED’s exist, but they all have some elements in common:1.4.2.5.3.6.Using an AED: Basic operating procedures to assist any victim:1.2.3.4.Special Considerations for AED use:Water:Children:Medication Patches:Implanted Devices:When inspecting an AED, check for these 4 items:_________________________, ____________________, __________, _______________First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 6 Notes: p. 31-33Date/Block: ____________________Cardiovascular Emergencies!Signs of a Heart Attack:1.2.3.4.What are the differences in men and women pertaining to heart attacks? Care for heart attack:1.2.3.4.Define Angina:What are the signs of angina?Care for angina:1.2.3.4.Define Stroke:What are the common signs of a stroke?Using FAST, you can quickly assess a victim for the possibility of a stroke:F ________________:A ________________:S________________:T________________:Care for stroke:1.2.3.First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 7 Notes: p 34-41Date/Block: ____________________Bleeding and WoundsDefine Hemorrhage:List and describe the 3 types of External Bleeding:1.______________________________2.______________________________3.______________________________List and describe the 6 types of Open Wounds:1.______________________________2.______________________________3.______________________________4.______________________________5.______________________________6.______________________________What are the 6 steps to care for minor external bleeding?1.2.3.4.5.6.What are the 3 steps to care for serious external bleeding?1.2.3.These are signs that a wound may be infected:What is tetanus? How is it treated and prevented?To care for an amputation:1.2.3.4.5.6.To care for a victim with an impaled/embedded object:1.2.3.4.Medical Attention may be required for wounds with the following conditions:1.6.2.7.3.8.4.9.5.10.Call 9-1-1 immediately if:1.2.3.4.5.6.What is internal bleeding?Signs of internal bleeding include:1.2.3.4.To care for minor internal bleeding:1.2.3.4.To care for serious internal bleeding:1.2.3.4.Define Dressing:Define Bandage:First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 8 Notes: p 42-45Date/Block: _____________________Define Shock:Damage to ___________________, _____________________________, or _________________________ can deprive tissues of oxygen-rich blood and cause shock.The signs of shock include:To care for Shock:1.2.3.Define anaphylaxis:The most common causes of anaphylaxis are: The most common signs of anaphylaxis are:To care for anaphylaxis:1.2.3.Define Epinephrine Auto-injector (epi-pen): To use an epi-pen:1.2. First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 9 Notes: p 46-51Date/Block: _____________________Describe the three types of burns:Thermal (heat) burns: Chemical burns:Electrical burns:Burns are categorized based on the depth (degree) of the burn:First-degree (superficial) burns:Second-degree (partial-thickness) burns:Third-degree (full-thickness) burns:Severity of burns is partially determined by the amount of surface area of the body that is burned. Use the Rule of the Hand to estimate the size of a burn. The victim’s hand represents _______________ of the total Body Surface Area (BSA).Burn care aims to _____________________________, __________________________, and _________________________________. Most burns are minor and can be managed without medical care.To care for first-degree burns:1.2.3.To care for small second-degree burns (<10% BSA):1.2.3.4.5.To care for large second-degree (>20% BSA) and all third-degree burns:1.2.3.4.Chemical burns result when caustic or corrosive substances touch the skin and they will continue to burn as long as they are in contact with the skin. Specific information for handling a particular substance can be found in _________________________________.To care for a chemical burn:1.2.3.4.Electrical injuries are divided into:Thermal burns (flame):Arc burns (flash):True electrical injury (contact):To care for electrical burns:1.2.3.4.5.First Aid , CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 10 Notes: p 52-60Date/Block: _____________________ConditionWhat to Look ForWhat to DoHEAD INJURIES!Scalp Wound(may cause heavy bleeding, but does not affect blood supply to the brain)Bleeding scalp1.Apply sterile dressing and direct pressure.2.Keep head/shoulders elevated.3.Seek medical care.Skull Fracture(A break of part of the skull caused by significant force to the head)-Pain at point of injury-Deformity of the skull-Fluid drainage from nose/ears-Heavy scalp bleeding-Penetrating wound-Loss of responsiveness1. Check for responsiveness and breathing, provide care.2. Control bleeding.3. Stabilize head/neck.4. Call 9-1-1.Brain Injury(Concussion-a temporary disturbance of brain activity caused by a blow to the head that shakes the brain)-Vacant stare-Slow to answer questions-Amnesia-Slurred speech-Inability or difficulty walking-Loss of responsiveness-Headache, dizziness, nausea-Repetitive statements1. Check responsiveness and breathing.2. Stabilize head and neck.3. Control bleeding with dressing and apply pressure around the wound.4. If victim begins to vomit, roll them onto their side while keeping the head, neck and body as one unit.5. Call 9-1-1.EYE INJURIES!Eye injuries(can produce severe lifelong complications such as blindness if not treated promptly)Eye injuries-con’tLoose Foreign ObjectsPenetrating ObjectsBlow to the eyeEye AvulsionEye burns from lightCuts of eye or eyelid: careful repair may restore function and appearance.1.Look under both lids.2. Remove with wet gauze.1. Protect eye and stabilize object.2. Call 9-1-1.1. Apply ice or cold pack2. Seek medical care if vision is affected.1. Cover loosely with dressing-do not reinsert.2. Protect with a paper cup and tape it in place.3. Keep uninjured eye closed.4. Call 9-1-1.1. Cover both eyes with a wet dressing and cold packs.2. Seek medical care.1. Apply sterile dressing and slight pressure to eyelid, no pressure if eyeball is cut.2. Keep uninjured eye closed and call 9-1-1.Nose Injuries!Nosebleeds(A rupture of tiny blood vessels inside the nostrils caused by a blow to the nose, sneezing, or picking or blowing the nose)Anterior: front of nose, most common (90%), normally easily cared forPosterior: back of nose,massive bleeding backwards into the mouth or down the throat, SERIOUS, requires medical care1.Place victim in a seated position with head tilted forward.2. Pinch the soft part of the nose with the thumb and two fingers with steady pressure for 5-10 minutes.3. Seek medical care if bleeding in not controlled or you suspect a broken nose.Broken Nose-Pain, swelling or deformity-Bleeding and breathing difficulty through nostrils-Black eyes appearing one to two days after injury.1. If bleeding, provide care for a nosebleed.2. Apply ice or a cold pack to the nose. Do not try to straighten.3. Seek medical care.Mouth Injuries!Mouth Injuries(involves damage to the lips, tongue, and teeth-causes considerable pain and anxiety)Bitten lip or tongueKnocked-out toothBroken tooth1.Apply direct pressure.2. Apply ice or cold pack.3. If bleeding continues, seek medical care.1. Control bleeding with a rolled gauze pad.2. Preserve tooth in mouth saliva, milk or saltwater.3. Handle by the crown and not the root of the tooth.4. Seek dental care.1. Rinse mouth with warm water.2. Apply ice or a cold pack to the outside of the cheek.3. Seek dental care.Spinal Injuries!Spinal Injuries(often associated with head injuries, also vehicle crashes, direct blows, falls from heights, sports injuries, physical assaults)-Inability to move limbs-Numbness, tingling weakness or burning sensation of the limbs-Deformity and/or odd looking angle of the head and neck-Neck or back pain1.Stabilize the head and neck to prevent movement.2. Check responsiveness and breathing and provide care if necessary. Roll to side if vomiting, keeping head, neck and back as one unit.3. Call 9-1-1.First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 11 Notes: p 61-64Date/Block: _____________________Define closed chest injury: injury to the chest usually caused by blunt trauma that does not break the skin.Define open chest injury: injury to the chest usually caused by a fractured rib, knife or bullet that penetrates the chest wall.The condition where several ribs in the same area are broken in more than one place is called ___flail chest______.Signs of a rib fracture include: sharp pain, especially when the victim takes a deep breath, coughs or moves, shallow breathing, victim holds the injured area in attempt to reduce pain.To care for a rib fracture:1. Help victim find the most comfortable resting position to make breathing easier.2. Stabilize the ribs by having the victim hold a pillow or other similar soft object against the injured area, or use bandages to hold the pillow in place.3. Call 9-1-1.____Impaled Object Wounds _ are open chest injuries where an object, such as a knife is stuck in the chest.To care for an impaled object:1. DO NOT remove the object. Removing an embedded object can cause more damage.2. Use bulky dressings or cloth to stabilize the object.3. Call 9-1-1.What is a sucking chest wound? What are the signs to look for?A sucking chest wound results when a chest wound allows air to pass into and out of the chest cavity with each breath. Look for blood bubbling out of the chest wound and listen for the sound of air being sucked into and out of the chest wound.To care for a sucking chest wound:1. Seal the wound with plastic or aluminum foil to stop air from entering the chest cavity. Tape 3 sides of the plastic or foil in place. If neither item is available, you can use your gloved hand. This treatment prevents air from entering the chest but allows air to escape.2. If the victim has trouble breathing or seems to be getting worse, remove the cover (or your hand) to let air escape, and then reapply. 3. Lay the victim on the injured side.4. Call 9-1-1.Define closed abdominal injury: injury to the abdomen that occurs as a result of a direct blow from a blunt object.Define open abdominal injury: injury to the abdomen that includes penetrating wounds, impaled objects and protruding organs. Care is the same as an open chest wound.The signs of a closed abdominal injury include __bruises__, ___pain____, __tenderness___, and __muscle tightness_.To care for a closed abdominal injury:1. Place the victim in a comfortable resting position with the legs pulled up toward the abdomen.2. Care for shock.3. Call 9-1-1.A protruding organ injury is: a severe injury in which the internal organs escape or protrude from the wound.To care for a protruding organ injury:1. Place the victim in a comfortable position with the knees bent and legs pulled up toward the abdomen.2. Cover protruding organs loosely with a moist, sterile or clean dressing. Do not use materials that could come apart when wet, such as tissue. Clean plastic wrap or foil is a good choice if sterile gauze is not available.3. Care for shock.4. Call 9-1-1.First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 12 Notes: p 65-73Date/Block: _____________________Bone InjuriesA fracture is a break or crack in a bone. Fractures are classified as:Closed fractures: a fracture with no open would around the fracture site.Open fractures: a fracture with an open wound and possible protruding bone through the skin.To identify a possible fracture, see if the victim can use the injured body part normally. You may also hear or feel a grating or grinding sensation when broken bones rub together. Some victim’s will also hear or feel the bone snap. Also, you can use DOTS to identify possible signs of a broken bone:D: Deformity- compare the injured and uninjured sides of the body.O: Open wounds- possible indication of an underlying fracture.T: Tenderness- usually pin-pointed pain around the injury site.S: Swelling- caused by bleeding and happens rapidly after a fracture.To care for a bone injury:Allow the victim to support the injured area in the most comfortable position.Stabilize the injured part to prevent movement.If EMS will arrive soon, stabilize the injured part with your hands until they arrive.If EMS will be delayed, or if you are transporting the victim to medical care, stabilize the injured part with a splint: a device used to stabilize a bone or joint injury on an injured extremity.If the injury is an open fracture, do not push on any protruding bone. Cover the wound and exposed bone with a dressing.Apply an ice or cold pack if possible to help reduce the swelling and pain.Call 9-1-1 for any open fractures or large bone fractures (such as the thigh) or when transporting the victim would be difficult or would aggravate the injury.Types of SplintsAnatomic (self) splint: a splint where the injured body part is braced to/against an uninjured body part, such as two fingers taped together.Rigid Splint: an inflexible device such as a padded board long enough to stabilize the injured area as well as the area above and below the fractured site.Soft splint: usually a pillow or rolled blanket used to stabilize fractures of the wrist or ankle.*Applying a splint! We will have practice in class for this Joint InjuriesA sprain is an injury in which the ligaments and other tissues around a joint are damaged by violent stretching or twisting. Ankles, wrists, and knees are common injury sites. A dislocation is an injury in which the joint comes apart and stays apart, with the bone ends no longer in contact. Shoulders, elbows, fingers, hips, knees, and ankles are common injury sites.Signs of a joint sprain or dislocation are similar to bone fractures: pain, swelling, and inability to use the injured part normally. Dislocations are usually detected by looking for deformities.To care for a joint injury:If you suspect a dislocation, apply a splint if EMS will be delayed. Provide care as you would for a fracture. Do not try to put the dislocated part back into its normal position because nerve and blood vessel damage could result. If you suspect a sprain, use the RICE procedure.Seek medical care. Call 9-1-1 for any dislocations or injuries in which transporting the victim would be difficult or would aggravate the injury.RICE Procedure:Rest: stop activityIce: Place an ice pack on the injured area. Use an elastic bandage to secure it for 20-30 pression: Remove the ice and apply a pressure bandage, and leave it in place for 3 hours.Elevation: Raise the injured area while applying ice and compression.Muscle InjuriesA muscle strain, or pulled muscle, occurs when the muscle is overstretched or torn. A muscle contusion, or a bruise, results from a hemorrhage in or beneath the skin but does not break through the skin. A muscle cramp occurs when the muscle goes into a painful spasm.The signs of a muscle strain are: sharp pain, tenderness of injured area, weakness and loss of function of injured area, and stiffness and pain when the victim moves the muscle. The signs of a muscle contusion are: pain and tenderness, swelling, bruise appearing hours later.The signs of a muscle cramp are: spasm, pain and inability to use injured area.To care for muscle injuries:Muscle strains and contusions are cared for by the RICE procedure.Muscle cramps are cared for by stretching the affected muscle or applying direct pressure.First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 13 p. 74-79Date/Block: _____________________Medical Emergencies!A victim’s level of ________________________ indicates how well the brain is functioning. If you notice changes in consciousness, and you are not sure what is causing it, use the mnemonic __________ to assess the victim:S: Sugar, seizures, stroke, shock- blood glucose too low (i.e., insulin reaction)T: Temperature- too high (heatstroke) or too low (hypothermia)O: Oxygen- inadequate oxygenP: Poisoning- drug/alcohol overdose, carbon monoxide poisoning, head injuryTo care for changes in consciousness:Perform ___________ and ______________ checks and provide care as needed.If unresponsive and not breathing, perform ______.If unresponsive and _____________, roll victim to recovery position.Call 9-1-1.Causes of chest pain other than a heart attack include:____________________________ such as pneumonia or bronchitis, which should be treated with medical care __________________________________ due to increased physical activity and overexertion also causes chest pain and is relieved by rest and over-the-counter pain medication.Define asthma:Define hyperventilation:The signs of a breathing difficulty include:-Breathing abnormally fast or slow-Breathing abnormally deep (gasping) or shallow-Noisy breathing: wheezing (asthma), gurgling, snoring-Bluish lips-Need to pause while speaking to catch breathTo care for a breathing difficulty:1. Help the victim into the most comfortable resting position, usually seated upright.2. Call 9-1-1.3. If the victim has a prescribed asthma inhaler, assist them in using it.4. If the victim is hyperventilating due to anxiety, have him or her inhale through the nose, hold the breath for several seconds, and then exhale slowly.When blood flow to the brain is interrupted, sudden ________________ may occur. This may result from exhaustion, lack of food, reaction to pain or the sight of blood, hearing bad news, standing too long without moving, or problems with the heart.To care for fainting:1. Check for responsiveness and breathing and provide care as needed.2. Loosen any restrictive clothing.3. If the victim fell, check for injuries.4. Younger victims usually recover quickly. Seek medical care if: repeated fainting episodes, fainting for no reason, elderly victim, victim becomes unresponsive.What is a seizure? What are the common signs to look for?To care for a seizure:1. Move dangerous objects away.2. Loosen restrictive clothing.3. Roll victim to their side.4. Call 9-1-1 if there is no reason for the seizure.Describe the two types of diabetes.___________________________:___________________________: Define hypoglycemia:Define hyperglycemia:First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 14 p 80-84Date/Block: _____________________Define poison (toxin): any substance that impairs health or causes death by its chemical action when it enters the body or comes in contact with the skin.The signs of ingested poisoning (poisoning caused by swallowing a toxic substance) are:-Abdominal pain/cramping-Burns, odors or stains on the mouth-Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea-Drowsy or unresponsive victim-Poison container nearbyTo care for ingested poisonings:1. Determine: A) The _____ and ______ of the victim, B) _______ was swallowed, save the container labels C) _____________ was swallowed, i.e., # of tablets, D) _______ it was swallowed.2. If responsive, call 1-800-222-1222. Poison control center staff will advise you on diluting the poison, possibly inducing vomiting or giving activated charcoal.3. If unresponsive, call 9-1-1. If victim is not breathing, provide CPR until medical care arrives.Poisoning may also be caused by an overdose or abuse of medications and other substances. ___Alcohol___ is the most commonly abused drug in the U.S.The signs of alcohol intoxication may include: alcohol odor, unsteadiness, confusion, slurred speech, nausea/vomiting, and flushed faceThe signs of drug overdose may include: drowsiness, anxiety, agitation, hyperactivity, change in pupil size, confusion, and hallucinationsTo care for alcohol intoxication or drug overdose:1. If responsive, 1) check breathing, 2) call poison control center at 1-800-222-1222, 3) If you observe violent behavior, leave and call 9-1-1.2. If unresponsive and IS BREATHING, roll to recovery position. If NOT BREATHING, call 9-1-1 and start CPR._DO/DO NOT_ let an intoxicated person sleep on his or her back._DO/DO NOT_ leave an intoxicated person alone, unless he or she becomes violent._DO/DO NOT_ try to handle a hostile intoxicated person by yourself.The signs of inhaled poisoning include: headache, breathing difficulty, chest pain, nausea/vomiting, dizziness, vision changes, unresponsiveness.One example of an inhaled poison is _______________________, which is a colorless, odorless poisonous gas that is formed by incomplete burning of many organic materials such as gasoline, wood, paper, and coal.To care for an inhaled poison:1. Get victim out of the toxic environment and into fresh air.2. Check responsiveness and breathing and provide care as needed.3. Call 9-1-1.4. Try to determine the substance involved.The 3 most common examples of poisonous plants are: ______________________ _______________________ _____________________The signs of plant poisoning include: rash, itchiness, redness, blisters and swelling.To care for plant poisoning:1. Use medical exam gloves and wash affected area with soap and water.2. For a mild reaction, 1) soak in lukewarm bath with 1-2 cups of oatmeal; 2) apply calamine lotion.3.For a severe reaction, care for a mild reaction first then seek medical care. A corticosteroid to lessen inflammation and pain may be prescribed.First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 15 p 85-93Date/Block: _____________________Animal and Human BitesDefine Rabies: An acute viral infection of the central nervous system transmitted by the bite of an infected animal.To care for an animal or human bite:1. If not bleeding heavily, wash the area with soap and water under pressure.2. Flush thoroughly with running water.3. Control the bleeding and cover wound with a sterile or clean dressing.4. Seek medical care for further wound cleaning and closure and possible tetanus and/or rabies care.Snake BitesThe four venomous snakes native to the U.S. are ____________ _, __________________, ____________________, and ___________________.The signs of a _venomous snake bite_ include:Severe, burning pain.Puncture wounds ? to 1 ? inches apartSwellingDiscoloration and blood-filled blisters, possibly developing hours after the biteNausea, vomiting, sweating, and weaknessTo care for a venomous pit viper bite:1. Get the victim and bystanders away from the snake.2. Keep the victim calm and limit movement. Immobilize the affected limb.3. Gently wash the area with soap and water. Do not attempt to trap/kill the snake.4. If from a coral snake, apply mild pressure and an elastic bandage over the bite site and the entire limb.5. Seek medical care immediately.What is antivenin? Can the same antivenin be used on all species of snakes? An antivenin is an antiserum containing antibodies against reptile or insect venom. NOInsect StingsThe signs of an insect sting include _pain__, _itching_ and __swelling__. The signs of a severe allergic reaction to a sting include _difficulty breathing__, _tightness in the chest_, _swelling of the mouth, tongue or throat_, and _dizziness/nausea_.To care for an insect sting, you should:1. If the stinger is embedded, remove it as quickly as possible by brushing away with the hand, scraping with fingernail, or scraping with credit card. Do not use tweezers.2. Wash the area with soap and water.3. Apply ice or a cold pack over the area.4. Apply hydrocortisone cream to relieve swelling and itching. 5. Observe the victim for signs of a severe allergic reaction. Call 9-1-1 if signs develop. If the victim has a prescribed auto-injector, help them use it.Spider BitesBlack Widow spiders: females have a red hourglass shape on the abdomen, antivenin can provide relief.Brown Recluse spiders: have a violin shaped figure on their backs, results in a red blister and bull’s-eye pattern, leads to a scab and an ulcer.456057085090To care for ALL spider bites:1. If possible, catch the spider to confirm its identity.2. Wash the bitten area with soap and water.3. Apply ice or a cold pack over the bite to relieve pain.4. Seek medical care.To care for a tick bite:1. Remove the tick with tweezers or a specialized tick removal tool. Grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible and lift the tick with enough force to “tent” the skin’s surface. Hold it in this position until the tick lets go.2. Wash the area with soap and water or use an antiseptic.3. Apply ice or a cold pack to reduce pain.4. Seek medical care if the tick was attached for a few hours. Watch for signs of a transmitted disease such as a rash, fever, muscle and joint aches, or weakness.Marine Animal InjuriesThe three types of marine animals that bite, rip or puncture are:__sharks___ __barracudas___ __moray eels___To care for marine animal bites, rips and punctures:1. Control any bleeding.408432038102. Care for shock.3. Call 9-1-1.The two types of marine animals that sting are:__jellyfish__ __Portuguese man-of-war___To care for marine animal stings:1. Carefully pick off any tentacles remaining on the skin. Use gloves if available.2. Apply vinegar to jellyfish stings to neutralize nematocysts.3. Immerse the affected part in hot water as soon as possible.4. Seek medical care.How do stingrays inflict wounds on victims? What do the wounds look like?-Stingrays usually inflict injuries on the ankles or the feet of the victim when they get stepped on. There is a laceration caused by the large tail barb with intense burning pain.17145-3175 First Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 16 p. 94-97Date/Block: _____________________ConditionDefinitionWhat to look forSteps of careHeat __________Painful muscle spasms, often after physical exertion. Usually in the ________________________________, sometimes abdomen.Cramped musclesPainStop activity and rest in cool area.Stretch and massage muscle.Provide _________ or sports drink.Heat ____________Condition caused by the loss of the body’s water and salt through excessive sweating; usually affects those who do not drink enough fluids while ________________, and those not acclimated to hot, humid conditions.Heavy sweatingSevere ThirstWeaknessHeadacheNausea/VomitingSeek medical care for children and frail adults.DO/DO NOT place victim in an ice bath1. Stop activity and rest in cool area.2. Remove excess or tight clothing.3. Provide water or sports drink.4. Lay victim down.5. Apply cool packs to ______________________________.6. Seek medical care if no improvement after 30 minutes.Heat ___________Life-threatening condition where the body becomes dangerously overheated. Body’s heat regulating function does not work properly, and body cannot _____________.Extremely hot skinDry skin (maybe sweaty)ConfusionSeizuresUnresponsiveness1. Call 9-1-1.2. Cool the victim immediately by whatever means possible:---3. If unresponsive and not breathing, begin CPR.Heat EmergenciesCold EmergenciesConditionDefinitionWhat to look forSteps of care________________Tissue damage caused by extreme cold, only happens when temperatures drop below freezing (32oF)Usually affects:----White, waxy-looking skinSkin feels cold and numb (pain at first followed by numbness)_______________, which may appear after rewarming.1. Move the victim to a warm place.2. Remove wet/cold clothing and jewelry from the injured part.3. Seek medical care.DO/DO NOT rub or massage frostbitten area.________________Dangerous condition caused by severe exposure to cold in which the body temperature drops below 95oF.Can develop ___________ or ____________.Uncontrollable shiveringConfusion, sluggishnessCold skin even under clothing1. Get the victim out of the cold.2. Prevent heat loss by:---3. Have victim rest in comfortable position4. Give warm, sugary beverages if victim is alert and able to swallow.5. Seek medical care for severe cases.Prepare appropriately for hot and cold weather by following these guidelines:For a HOT environmentFor a COLD environmentFirst Aid, CPR and AEDName: _________________________Chapter 17 p. 98-103Date/Block: _____________________Water RescueTo attempt a water rescue, use “__________, ___________, __________, _______.”Ice RescueTrue/False: To rescue a victim who has fallen through ice, use a pole or throw a line with an inflatable object attached to it and pull the person towards the shore or edge of ice once they grab hold.Electrical Emergency RescueMost indoor electrocutions are caused by __________________________________ or ____________________________________________________________________. Before touching a victim, turn off the electricity at the __________________________, _______________________ or ___________________________________________.Hazardous Materials, Car Crashes, and FiresClues that indicate the presence of Hazardous Materials are:Signs on vehicles (see warning sign slide)Spilled liquids or solidsStrong, unusual odorsClouds of vaporWhen approaching a motor vehicle crash:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.To assist victims when a fire is present:1.2.3.4.What is a confined space? List 3 examples of confined spaces To assist a victim in a confined space:1. Call 9-1-1.2. Check motionless victims first. Do not enter without proper training and equipment.3. Once the victim is removed, provide care.TriageDefine triage:When identifying victims who need immediate care, start by asking all victims who can walk to get up and move to a specific area. Then, check all _____________________ victims for breathing and severe bleeding. Enlist bystanders to assist in opening airways or applying direct pressure to wounds. RAPIDLY move to the next victim. Do not spend more than ________ seconds at each victim. Once you have tended to the most severely wounded, go back and reassess for less serious injuries. Continue providing care until relieved by EMS. Classify victims according to the following care and transportation priorities:Immediate Care:Delayed Care:Walking Wounded:Dead:When should you attempt to move a victim? ................
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