DNA and Protein Synthesis Test Review



DNA and Protein Synthesis Test Review

1. The sugar present in DNA is: Deoxyribose

2. DNA stands for: Deoxyribonucleic Acid

3. The structure of DNA was discovered by: Watson and Crick

4. Who used X-Ray diffractions to see the structure of DNA? Rosalind Franklin

5. What is the shape of DNA? Double Helix

6. A nucleotide is made up of what three parts? A nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

7. What are the FOUR nitrogenous bases in DNA? Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Guanine

8. What is the base pairing rule in DNA? Adenine with Thymine and Cytosine with Guanine

9. DNA replication occurs in what direction? 5’ to 3'

10. What is the complementary strand to the DNA strand below?

5’ATGCTAAGGCATGCTATTAAGCCC3’

3’TACGATTCCGTACGATAATTCGGG5’

11. What does semi-conservative mean? Draw a picture if it helps!

Each new copy of DNA has one strand from the original and one strand that is new.

12. Where is DNA located in a Euakaryotic cell? Nucleus

13. What does RNA stand for?

Ribonucleic Acid

14. What is the sugar in RNA?

Ribose

15. What are the four nitrogenous bases in RNA?

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine

16. In RNA Thymine is replaced by Uracil.

17. What is the shape of RNA?

Single-Stranded Helix

18. What are the 3 types of RNA?

Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, and Ribosomal RNA

19. Messenger RNA does what?

Codes the DNA sequence and leaves the nucleus. Goes to the ribosome. U replaces T! Carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

18. What are the two parts to protein synthesis? Transcription and Translation

19. Where does transcription occur?

Nucleus

20. Explain the process of transcription. DNA is unzipped. RNA nucleotides bind to exposed DNA bases (U replaces T). Introns are removed and Exons are spliced together. mRNA leaves the nucleus.

21. Given the following DNA sequence what is the correct mRNA sequence?

5’ATGCTTGCCAATCG3’

3’UACGAACGGUUAGC5’

22. Translation occurs in the Cytoplasm on the RIBOSOME!

23. mRNA binds to the ribosome before translation begins.

24. What is a codon?

Three bases in mRNA that code for ONE amino acid.

25. Draw the structure of a tRNA.

26. What is an anticodon?

The complement of a codon located on the tRNA.

27. The codon and the anticodon are complementary to each other.

28. Given the following mRNA sequence, how many codons are present, and identify the anticodons.

5 codons

AUG CUA CCG AAU UAA

UAC GAU GGC UUA AUU

29.Using the amino acid table, what is the correct amino acid sequence that the mRNA molecule above codes for?

MET-LEU-PRO-ASN-STOP

30. Using the BELOW chart, what is the amino acid sequence of the following mRNA strands?

5’AUG UAC CCG AAU UUU UGA 3’

MET-TYR-PRO-ASN-PHE-STOP

5’AUG GUA GAU GGU AGU CGU UAA 3’

MET-VAL-ASP-GLY-SER-ARG-STOP

31. How many total amino acids are there? 20

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