DNA - Mrs. Lamp's Biology Corner



DNA

Early Evidence

1. _________- Bacteria transformed from one type of ___________ bacteria into a ___________causing bacteria that was carried in genes. (1928)

2.________- 1944 uses a ______________ to see DNA stores and transmits genetic info

3._____________- Used ________________ elements to prove that DNA is found in _______ living cells.

DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA is a 2 Stranded molecule made of chains of ________________

3 Parts of a Nucleotide

1. ____________ sugar

2. ___________ group

Sugar and Phosphate held together with covalent bonds

3. ___________ base (1of 4)

Sugar and Nitrogen base held together with hydrogen bonds

Nucleotide Structure Diagram: Label parts

[pic]

Nitrogen Bases

Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T)

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2 types of Nitrogen bases

1. Purines-have double rings

--___________

--___________

2. Pyrimidines-have single ring

--___________

--___________

Purines bond with pyrimidines with weak ___________ bonds.

This holds the 2 strands of DNA together

[pic]

The shape is called a Double Helix

Discovered by ___________ and _____________

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Very Important

Adenine always bonds with __________

2 H-bonds

Cytosine always bonds with __________

3 H-bonds

Replication: the _____________ of DNA

-forms an exact copy

1. Enzyme ___________ unzips the strands of DNA

2. Enzyme __________ matches new nucleotides to the old Strands

3. Forms complimentary strands of identical DNA

[pic]

RNA= Ribonucleic acid (almost like DNA)

Both are made of nucleotides

RNA -has one strand

-ribose sugar (not deoxyribose)

-________ replaces thymine as nitrogen base

3 forms of RNA

1. mRNA= ___________ RNA

-takes info from DNA to the ribosome

2. tRNA=___________ RNA

-brings amino acids to ribosome

3. rRNA= __________ RNA

-is a ribosome makes proteins

Ribosomes

-make proteins

-proteins are made of ___________

-enzymes are made of ___________

-enzymes control body and cell _________

Transcription—RNA is produced from DNA

Like replication

Differences -one strand

-uses Uracil in place of Thymine

Translation- _________ and _______ make chains of amino acids (proteins)

-This is where the Genetic code is used

Codons- ___ base pairs of mRNA that code for specific amino acids (64 possible codons)

Table on page 292

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_____________-complimentary base pairs on tRNA

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