DNA - Mrs. Lamp's Biology Corner
DNA
Early Evidence
1. _________- Bacteria transformed from one type of ___________ bacteria into a ___________causing bacteria that was carried in genes. (1928)
2.________- 1944 uses a ______________ to see DNA stores and transmits genetic info
3._____________- Used ________________ elements to prove that DNA is found in _______ living cells.
DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA is a 2 Stranded molecule made of chains of ________________
3 Parts of a Nucleotide
1. ____________ sugar
2. ___________ group
Sugar and Phosphate held together with covalent bonds
3. ___________ base (1of 4)
Sugar and Nitrogen base held together with hydrogen bonds
Nucleotide Structure Diagram: Label parts
[pic]
Nitrogen Bases
Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T)
[pic][pic][pic][pic]
2 types of Nitrogen bases
1. Purines-have double rings
--___________
--___________
2. Pyrimidines-have single ring
--___________
--___________
Purines bond with pyrimidines with weak ___________ bonds.
This holds the 2 strands of DNA together
[pic]
The shape is called a Double Helix
Discovered by ___________ and _____________
[pic]
Very Important
Adenine always bonds with __________
2 H-bonds
Cytosine always bonds with __________
3 H-bonds
Replication: the _____________ of DNA
-forms an exact copy
1. Enzyme ___________ unzips the strands of DNA
2. Enzyme __________ matches new nucleotides to the old Strands
3. Forms complimentary strands of identical DNA
[pic]
RNA= Ribonucleic acid (almost like DNA)
Both are made of nucleotides
RNA -has one strand
-ribose sugar (not deoxyribose)
-________ replaces thymine as nitrogen base
3 forms of RNA
1. mRNA= ___________ RNA
-takes info from DNA to the ribosome
2. tRNA=___________ RNA
-brings amino acids to ribosome
3. rRNA= __________ RNA
-is a ribosome makes proteins
Ribosomes
-make proteins
-proteins are made of ___________
-enzymes are made of ___________
-enzymes control body and cell _________
Transcription—RNA is produced from DNA
Like replication
Differences -one strand
-uses Uracil in place of Thymine
Translation- _________ and _______ make chains of amino acids (proteins)
-This is where the Genetic code is used
Codons- ___ base pairs of mRNA that code for specific amino acids (64 possible codons)
Table on page 292
[pic]
_____________-complimentary base pairs on tRNA
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