PHYS 1220/1320: Physics II – Electricity, Magnetism & Light



PHYS 2320: Physics IV – Modern Physicsterm: S20General InformationInstructors:R MichalakPS 215email: rudim@uwyo.eduGrader:Aylin Peker-McGoughamcgough@uwyo.eduOffice hours:W 10-11 pm, F 12-1:30, or by appointment Course webpage: physics.uwyo.edu/~rudimLecture:MWF 11:00 - 11:50 pm, CR 105 Required Text: ‘Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers’ 2nd/3rd edition, Taylor/ZafiratosRecommended text: ‘Atomic Physics’, Max BornA slightly older version of Born’s book is available for free as pdf file on You can find many older books here for free. It is not illegal, a conglomerate of libraries offers out of copyright texts.The course is recorded with Wyocast. You may appear on tape. Course pre-requisite: Phys 1220. In order to make the course accessible as an elective for the largest possible number of students, we have kept the pre-requisite low. That said, you should expect that math and physics beyond the formal expectation is used sparingly, that all of physics is inter-connected, and that all of math is going to be used in physics at some point or another. One cannot delay taking physics courses until one has gone through all math courses, consequently, there may be a few rough edges. The same holds true for the content of Phys 1210 (Dynamics and Statics do formally deal with the same material, but they do usually not put the same focus on modeling and deriving) and 2310 (Optics and Waves). Generally, our course is more concept heavy than math intensive, but there are a few exceptions. If you have any concerns feel free to approach me with your questions.Whenever we will reach such a cross road, I will try to ease you into any material that the average student has not yet mastered, but from a certain point onward, you will have to do remedial work to catch up on your own. It is perfectly fine to carry any remedial questions into office hours. It is not a bother when students come by with questions about the material.All following information is tentative and subject to revision at my discretion. Any changes will be announced during lecture and will be made to keep the class average on course. It is your responsibility to keep up to date with such announcements:Course Content:This course is an introduction to modern physics. The transition from Classical Physics to Modern Physics occurred between 1875 and 1915, so “modern” is a bit of a misnomer. Today, in the 21st century ever more of the concepts of modern physics have begun to affect technology. Computers, electronics, quantum computing, nuclear power – all of these would not be imaginable without the discoveries of Modern Physics.I often say jokingly: “Be careful when the Austrians are showing up in physics”. Well, in this course we will meet an unprecedented number of Austrians: Schroedinger, Pauli, Doppler, Meitner and by implication Mach, Boltzmann, and Stefan. So you know that you are in for a treat We cover the fields of Relativity, basic Quantum Mechanics, Atomic and Nuclear Physics, fundamental concepts of Solid State Physics, and Particle Physics (sub-nuclear), leading to the Standard Model of Physics.Key concepts:Inertial Frames of Reference and Lorentz Transformation, Simultaneity, Space-timeMichelson-Morley Experiment, Young double-slit Interference ExperimentMass/Energy RelationDynamics in RelativityGeometry and General RelativityAtomic Nature of MatterPhotoelectric Effect, Millikan, Rutherford, Compton, Franck-Hertz, and Thomson e/m etc. landmark experimentsQuantization of Light and Atomic Energy Levels, the Hydrogen AtomWave Nature of Matter, de Broglie waves, and Uncertainty RelationSchroedinger EquationSpin and Angular Momentum of Elementary ParticlesZeeman Effect, Pauli PrincipleHow to create the Periodic Table of ElementsNuclear modelsNuclear decay law, half-life timeRadioactivity and radiation penetration into matterThe Particle Zoo & the Standard Model of PhysicsElectrons in Metals and SemiconductorsBand Theory of SolidsLectureThe lecture will roughly follow the required book. Some chapters will be left out and others will be expanded on beyond what the book presents. Thus, taking lecture notes is important. Announcements pertaining to the course will be made in lecture. If you cannot attend any particular lecture, make sure to catch up with your peers on announcements that have been made.This term, I have decided to offer a recommended text in addition to a standard textbook. The additional text is comparatively cheap and it has been written by a scientist who was eminent in the field when it was new. I hope that you will find, too, that no one can tell a story better than someone who has lived through it! This author knew why work was done and why it was done in a certain sequence or with certain methods and his writing reflects it. The author also describes developments in Relativity, Atomic, and Nuclear Physics as they interrelate and motivate each other. That cannot be found in a standard textbook. The recommended text will serve you for a variety of upper level physics courses (Quantum Mechanics, StatMech, Solid State); so hold on to it.I often find that students get utterly fascinated by the topic of Relativity. Our course only gives you an introduction to Special Relativity and less than that for General Relativity. If you find that you want to know more here are some book suggestions (you can get them cheap used on amazon):A.P. French “Special Relativity”, MIT Introductory Physics SeriesThis text is out of print but many copies circulate. It gives many practical applications of Special Relativity and some of my lecture material comes from here.Robert Geroch “General Relativity From A to B”, a very readable introduction to GR with many visualizations and little mathFor those who can’t get enough, there is a transitional book that leads you to the advanced material and math: W. Rindler “Essential Relativity” – important: the OLD 1969 1st edition, the new edition is mathematically dense and the beauty of Rindler’s writing has been lost. My pole & garage problem comes from here.In lecture, I plan to build on some pre-reading that you will have done before lecture. Check the tentative schedule at the end of the syllabus for what is up next and the detailed chapter reference for each text, and come prepared enough so that we can deal with the more complicated aspects of a topic in lecture, and can lead you to your post-reading, which must be done with these difficult concepts to get a lasting understanding. I show a variety of video excerpts during lecture time for the Relativity topic. You find them on the course webpage, not on Wyocourses, and you can review these at home in your own time, but you may have to download a free player that can display the material.Let’s not forget the most important aspect of our course: For a physics and astronomy major this should be pure fun! It is the stuff that made you want to become one of us in the first place! No more boxes sliding down inclines – let’s find out about the more interesting things!And if you are taking this course as an elective in your major, let us find out whether a double major in physics can possibly interest you – this course will definitely tell you! Try to keep an open mind when I will tell you that mass is not mass, space is not space, and time is not time; at least not in the way how our trusty Newtonian Mechanics and Maxwellian Electromagnetism have always told us. And while we’re at it: Let’s convince ourselves why those older fields are not completely obsolete either. We just need to find out when thy can be used and when not.How physics courses are different from what you may be used to:In physics, we are at least as interested in the evaluation of core conceptual questions, and the evaluation of landmark experiments and their consequences for theory, as we are interested in solving numerical problems. And we do also hold stakes in our students being able to derive (prove from scratch) why certain equations hold true and to discuss the range of validity for which they are true. This lecture and the tasks I will set in hw and exam will reflect that interest. There will be certain points, especially in Relativity and in the basic Quantum Mechanics of the hydrogen atom, where this will ring particularly true. GradingDetails of grading (subject to revision):Exams:2 60 %Homework:640 %Bonus assignmentstbdtbd_____ 100%Scale: A ≥ 90.0%GPA 4.0B ≥80.0%3.0C ≥70.0%2.0D ≥60.0%1.0F < 60%0.0I reserve the right to curve the exams and the final grade.ExamsThe exams will contain both quantitative and conceptual problems. The exams will be closed book and closed notes. I will provide certain formulas, but will expect that you can derive certain others from them.Expect to find questions about landmark experiments and conceptual aspects of the material in the exams.None of the grades will be dropped or replaced. The exams will be held at the following times and cover the following topics:Exam 1 – midterm R 12 Mar tbd 5:00 pm topics: Relativity, Atomic PhysicsExam 2 – final F 15 May CR105 10:15 pm topics: cumulative HomeworkA typical homework will consist of four to six problems. Students are allowed to work in hw groups of up to three students. A group hands in one solution and every student is only allowed to put their name on the hw if they actually participated actively in all tasks. No student can be part of more than one hw group. Students can change groups from hw to hw. All hw problems will require a certain amount of explanation or discussion of the result, even when not explicitly stated in the problem. In particular, you are expected to explain what the result actually means as that is not always obvious in Modern Physics.The deadlines are indicated for each homework in the tentative schedule below. To receive full credit, your homework must be legible, on time, and the logic must be easy to follow. The deadlines are on Friday by 5pm but extend to 8pm if you hand them in via email. Emailed hw has to be condensed into a single file. It is your responsibility to make sure that the file is readable and that it was actually attached and send out by checking your sent box.Incomplete work will receive reduced credit. A penalty of 10% per every 12 hours late applies, if homework is turned in after the deadline. The late penalty stays at 30% after 36 hours. Late hw is accepted not later than two weeks after the deadline. After this extended deadline, no late submissions will be accepted.Academic honestyIn short: Don’t cheat. In the long run you are only hurting your chances at succeeding in college because, within the required courses of a major, courses tend to build onto each other. Finally, cheating is of course dishonorable behavior.The actual university rules:Academic dishonesty is defined in University Regulation 802, Revision 2 as “an act attempted or performed which misrepresents one’s involvement in an academic task in any way, or permits another student to misrepresent the latter’s involvement in an academic task by assisting the misrepresentation.” and there is a well-defined procedure to judge such cases and serious penalties may be assessed. A shorter common sense interpretation could sound something like this: If it’s not your work, don’t pretend that it is.A student who writes his or her name on a hw without appropriately participating in the work commits academic dishonesty. The students who allow that student to write the name on the hw also commit academic dishonesty. The penalty for academic dishonesty is a F grade for the course.Various help is available to all students here: Class Schedule Spring 2020 – Phys 2320WeekMWFNotesdeadlines1 Jan 27 – Jan 31 IntroR1R2 2 Feb 3 – Feb 7R3R4R5Homework #1: F 5pm Rel.1 3 Feb 10 – Feb 14R6R7R8 4 Feb17 – Feb 21R9R10R11Homework #2: F 5pm Rel.2 5 Feb 24 – Feb 28R12R13A1 6 Mar 2 – Mar 6A2A3A4 Homework #3: F 5pm At 1 7 Mar 9 – Mar 13A5A6A7 Mid semester: Mar 13 (grades due on the 19th) Exam 1 CR ### R Mar 12, 5pm 8 Mar16 – Mar 20--- Midterm grades due 3/19 Spring break 9 Mar23 – Mar27A8A9A10 Homework #4: F 5pm At 2 10 Mar 30– Apr 3A11A12A13 3/30Advising week – get your Perc 4/1 Fall enr. 11 Apr 6 – Apr 10A14A15A16 Last day of withdrawal from courses: 10th 12 Apr 13 – Apr17N1N2N3 Homework #5: F 5pm At.3 /Nuc.1 13 Apr20 – Apr24N4N5N6 14 Apr 27 – May 1Sol1Sol2Sol3 Homework #6: F 5pm Nuc2/Sol 15 May 4 – May8Sub1Sub2Sub3 Dead week: last day of classes 8th May 11 – May 15 F 10:15- 12:15Finals weekAll final exams are in the regular class rooms unless otherwise arranged 14M 14W 14F= 42Tentative material list per lecture: with future relevance commentary for majorsText reference: T = Taylor, B = Born, F = French (supplementary, files on webpage)IntroT 1.1-1.4 review classical physics, scope of RelativityR1T 1.5-1.6suppl: B: very dense overview app. V Michelson-Morley & Postulates R2T 1.7-1.9 Time dilation and Length contraction, skateboard videos 1R3spacetime diagrams , skateboard videos 2R4proof of time dilation, meson videoR5T1.10-1.12Lorentz TransformationR6Lorentz Transformation clocks, light-clock videoR7T 1.13-1.14velocity addition formulaR8T 1.14Doppler Effect R9T 2.1-2.2mass in Relativitysuppl: F chapter 1 p.16-29 rel: radioactive decay, nuclear processesspace billiard suppl: F p.167- 176rel: atomic and nuclear experimentsR10T 2.3collisions and momentum conservationR11T 2.4-2.6E = mc2 derivation, meaning, applicationsR12T 2.7forces and accelerationssuppl: F p.214-219, GR motivationR13T 2.10-2.11GR overview (after Rindler): 4-vectors, curved spacetime, field eqn rel, GPS T 3.1-3.7 Leave basics of the atom to student reading, suppl.: B 1.1-5 ~ should all be remedial remindersA1T 3.8.-3.9Overview atomic physics, Browniansuppl: B1.5-8, app.IV, B 2.1, 2.3, 4.1, p.167+171A2T 3.10,.11Thomson e/m, MillikanA3T 4.1-.3Photoelectric Effect, Blackbody Radiation suppl: B4.2, B8.8, B 7.1+3, app. XXVIII A4T 4.4-4.6Compton Effect, suppl: B 4.4, app. X, 4.5-7 A5T 4.4-4.5x-rays, Bremsstrahlung, pair creation/annihilation, wave – particle duality, A6T6.1-6.5Matter waves I deBroglie particle waves, double-slit expt. A7T 6.6-6.9(Matter waves II,) basic quantum language: uncertainty relation, suppl: B 4.1, 4.5-7, 5.4 w/o the mathA9T 5.2-5.5Bohr model basics, Quantization of the atom, suppl: B 4.3, B 4.3, 5.1A10T 5.6-5.8Bohr model details, suppl: B 5.2, app. XIV A11T 7.1-8 (in excerpts) examples of quantum wells, B 5.4 with math ,app. XVI, XXV (for a taste)A12T 7.9-11 Schrodinger eqn, B see above, app. XVIIIA13T 8.1-5 toward 3-dim wells, B 5.5, app. XIXA14T 8.6-10 angular momentum, hydrogen atom, atomic shells, B 5.7+8A15T 9.1-6 spin, B 6.1-3, app. XIXA16T 10.1-8 building the periodic table, Pauli principle, B 6.5-8Don’t use Born’s book for nuclear physics because it is too dated.N1T 3.12, 3.13Rutherford experiment and formula B 1.8, 3.3, app. IXN2T 16.2, .3nuclear properties and forceN3T 16.4- 16.7nuclear properties and binding energyN4T 16.8three major modelsN5T 17.2, .3radioactivity; general, natural decay seriesN6T 17.5, .7, .8nuclear reactions, fission, fusionFor the remaining two topics I will stay only loosely with our textSol1T 13.2- 13.4Structures, electrons and phonons in solidsSol2T 13.5 ishMetalsSol3SemiconductorsSub1T 18.1-.7Sub-nuclear (from here not exam material except conceptually)Sub2Anti-matter, Quarks, New Conservation LawsSub3 The Standard Model ................
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