TRANSFORMATION LAB
GENETICS
TRANSFORMATION LAB
Discussion
Please read carefully:
Start by recalling your experiment and the purpose of the various steps (heat shock, recovery in shaking incubator) and reagents (CaCl2 , LB, ice, plasmids). (If necessary, do some research on the details of the protocol we used---“Google it”. Take some time to review the nature of the media plates on which you plated your bacteria last week.
Then begin observing your 6 plates. Keep in mind that you placed the same number—Maybe 100,000 + of potentially viable bacteria on each plate. Using what you know about the starter E. coli’s sensitivity to ampicillin, and basic growth characteristics describe any physical changes in the starter E. coli. Note any growth or lack of growth on the plates. Compare growth on plates---is it massive growth (like a lawn) or restricted to spaced out colonies on the plate? Colonies represent clones/offspring of a single bacterium that survived on the plate. Sketch the look of your plates on the template provided below.
In addition to looking for growth, use the hand held UV light (to the right of the refrigerator) to check for any visible changes in the bacteria. UV light will reveal fluorescence. You may have to find a dark place to see any fluorescence. (slip your plates in an unused drawer, or cabinet and take a peek).
Recall and examine the starter bacteria plates for comparison.
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USE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AS A GUIDE TO UNDERSTANDING THE EXPERIMENT
1. In what way(s) are the bacteria that underwent the transformation experiment different than the starter bacteria? What observable trait(s) were changed?
2. Did all the bacteria in the +DNA tube get transformed? (Was the transformation 100% efficient?) Explain.
3. Can you say with confidence that the plasmid DNA is the transforming principle? Why?
4. Speculate on what kinds of genes are present on the plasmid.
5. Is it evident that the plasmid contains a signal for replication? (Did the plasmid replicate after it entered the bacteria that took it up? Explain.
6. How would you repeat the experiment to determine the importance of the transformation solution? (CaCl2). The heat shock? The recovery period (15-minute incubation following the heat shock)?
7. What types of macromolecules might be present in the transformed E. coli that are not present in the starter E.coli before transformation? (think gene expression!) Which of the new molecules is fluorescent? Which is passed to daughter cells when the bacteria divide?
6. How is this experiment similar to Griffith’s experiment?
Sketch the growth, if any, on each plate.
[pic]
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+ DNA
- DNA
LB
LB-A
LB-A-A
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