Unit 2: ASTRONOMY



centercenterUnit 2: ASTRONOMYSTUDENT NOTES PACKETAbstractThis unit covers the origin of the universe, stars and galaxies, the solar system, and the Earth, Moon, and Sun as an interacting system. STUDENT NAME:____________________________________________9410077300Unit 2: ASTRONOMYSTUDENT NOTES PACKETAbstractThis unit covers the origin of the universe, stars and galaxies, the solar system, and the Earth, Moon, and Sun as an interacting system. STUDENT NAME:____________________________________________After Unit 2 you should be able to:Understand scaling: solar system, galaxy, universeUnderstand that we are a part of a spiral galaxy known as the Milky WayKnow the approximate age of the universe and solar systemUnderstand the Big Bang theory and supporting evidence such as cosmic background radiation and red-shift of lightUnderstand the process of fusion taking place in the SunUnderstand how the solar system formed, what layered the planets, and how they were separated into two distinct groups: Jovian and TerrestrialDifferentiate between a comet and an asteroidUnderstand how moon phases are observedUnderstand the difference between the sidereal period and synodic period of the moonUnderstand what impacts the formation of high and low tidesDifferentiate between lunar and solar eclipsesUse the Electromagnetic Spectrum, Characteristics of Stars, and Solar System Data charts in the ESRTUnit 2 vocabulary you should be able to use and understand: UniverseStarSunSolar systemGalaxyMilky Way galaxySpiral galaxySingularityBig Bang theoryCosmic background radiationRadiationVisible light WavelengthElectromagnetic spectrumRed-shiftBlue-shiftDoppler EffectLuminositySupernovaMassiveGiant starWhite dwarfMain sequence starFusionAtomsGravityDensityTerrestrial planetJovian planetGas giantPeriod of revolutionPeriod of rotationEquatorial diameterEccentricityMassMoonCometAsteroidImpact craterCelestial objectSidereal periodSynodic periodWaxingWaningCrescentGibbousTidesHigh tideLow tideSpring tideNeap tideSolar eclipseLunar eclipseThe universe is vast. Incredibly, incredibly vast. Even with modern technology, humans are unable to leave even our solar system within the timeframe of their lives. Astronomy is therefore much more abstract and theoretical than other disciplines here on Earth.Scaling the Universe5360670889000The true dimensions of the universe are unknown, but it has been said (in an expression) that there are as many stars as grains of sand on all the beaches of the world._____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ many solar systems that make up ______________________________________________________________________________________5705475000GalaxiesGalaxies take on a variety of shapes (spiral, elliptical, irregular)The Milky Way is known as a _________________________________________________________, with our solar system located in one of the outer armsThere are ______________________________________________ of galaxies that make up the visible universeAge of the UniverseOur universe is estimated to be about _______________________________________________________________________This estimate is based on the projected expansion from a singularity (single point) based on current evidence45612053683000The Big BangThe Big Bang is the current accepted _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________55397409207500Approximately __________________________________________________________________ there was a rapid expansion and differentiation of matter that created the universeEvidence for the Big BangThe Big Bang is supported by two pieces of evidence: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________49453229842500To understand the evidence supporting the Big Bang, you must first understand radiation traveling through space.Electromagnetic radiation travels in ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________Cosmic Background Radiation___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________, believed to be from a time period following the Big Bang480334614996800Red Shift of Visible LightLight from distant sources that _________________________________________________________ from an observer experiences ____________________________ in the wavelength towards the ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________This phenomenon of wavelength alteration is known as the ____________________________________________________________________________When an object is moving ___________________________________ an observer, the waves are ______________________________ and it is _______________________________This is evidence that this matter was once together at a singularityStars43129202603500________________________________________________________________________Stars are classified by ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________Larger stars have a short lifespan and can explode in a violent ______________________579374020828000We see stars in the night sky that have burned out long ago but their light is still traveling towards usFusion______________________________________________ unites lighter elements and produces heavier ones ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ heating Earth 93 million miles away50102456877900The Beginnings of Our Solar SystemOur solar system is approximately ___________________________________________________________________The force of _____________________________ caused fragments of debris to begin clumping together within a spinning discOur ______________________ would later begin the process of ___________________________ in the center of the spinning disc8 Planets4824095133350008 planets would form within this spinning discThe ______________________________________ material was _______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________482409536679300This formed ______________________________________________________________ known as the ___________________________________________planetsThe ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ formed beyond the asteroid beltTerrestrial Planets________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Jovian Planets____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________604841021219400____________________________________________________4196184431800057526173364500Other Components of Our Solar System_________________________________________ (primarily ice and dust)_________________________________________ (rocky and metallic)Impact evidence is recorded in the geologic record (__________________________) along with mass extinctions but __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________33640221961800Additional Solar System Data____________________________________________________Our moon is critically important to life here on Earth. In addition to our tides, the moon is responsible for maintaining Earth’s rate of rotation.The MoonThe Moon _____________________________________________ ________________________________________ (sidereal period) Coincidentally, the moon’s period of rotation is equal to its period of revolution meaning that we will only ever see one side of the moon Moon PhasesThe Moon enters ________________________________ as it orbits Earth ________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ is slightly longer (________________________________________________________________) than its orbit due to Earth’s revolution around the Sun. 435292516129000TidesThe Moon exhibits _______________________________________________ on the EarthThis pull ___________________________________________________________ as well as on the opposite side of the Earth (____________________________)_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ and the lowest on Earth (spring tides)The __________________ has a more significant influence on _____________ even though it is smaller than the Sun because _______________________________________Tides are ______________________________________________________ (high to low)EclipsesEclipses are named for the ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________483870021312330048389395403850060564153403500 ................
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