Chapter 13 Section 1 Earth’s Oceans Chapter 13 Section 1 ... - BranchPike

Chapter 13 Section 1 Earth's Oceans

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List three things you KNOW about the ocean and three things you WANT to know about the ocean.

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Chapter 13 Section 1 Earth's Oceans

Divisions of the Global Ocean

? The largest ocean is the Pacific Ocean.

? The other oceans, listed from largest to smallest, are:

? the Atlantic Ocean ? the Indian Ocean ? the Arctic Ocean ? the Southern Ocean

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Chapter 13 Section 1 Earth's Oceans

Objectives

? List the major divisions of the global ocean. ? Describe the history of Earth's oceans. ? Identify the properties of ocean water. ? Describe the interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere.

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Chapter 13 Section 1 Earth's Oceans

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Chapter 13

Section 1 Earth's Oceans

How Did the Oceans Form?

? About 4.5 billion years ago, there were no oceans.

? Sometime before 4 billion years ago, water vapor in the atmosphere condensed and fell as rain.

? The rain filled the deeper levels of Earth's surface and the first oceans began to form.

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Chapter 13

Section 1 Earth's Oceans

Characteristics of Ocean Water

? Dissolved Gases Nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are the main gases dissolved in ocean water.

? Solids Sodium chloride, or table salt, is the most abundant dissolved solid in the ocean. Other solids are also found in ocean water.

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Chapter 13

Section 1 Earth's Oceans

How Did the Oceans Form?, continued

? The shape of the oceans has changed over time.

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Characteristics of Ocean Water, continued

? Salinity is a measure of the amount of dissolved solids in a given amount of liquid.

? Changes in Salinity Climate and water movement affect salinity. Costal water in cool, humid places has a low salinity. Slow-moving bodies of water have higher salinity than other parts of the ocean do.

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Chapter 13 Section 1 Earth's Oceans

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Chapter 13

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Characteristics of Ocean Water, continued

? Surface Temperature Changes Surface-zone temperatures vary with latitude and the time of year.

? Surface temperatures range from 1?C near the poles to about 24 ?C near the equator.

? The surface zone is heated more in the summer.

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Chapter 13

Section 1 Earth's Oceans

Characteristics of Ocean Water, continued

? Temperature Zones The temperature of ocean water decreases as depth increases.

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Chapter 13 Section 1 Earth's Oceans

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Chapter 13

Section 1 Earth's Oceans

The Ocean and the Water Cycle

? The water cycle is the continuous movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean.

? The ocean is an important part of the water cycle because nearly all of Earth's water is in the ocean.

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Chapter 13

Section 1 Earth's Oceans

A Global Thermostat

? The ocean regulates atmospheric temperatures.

? A Thermal Exchange The ocean absorbs and releases thermal energy much more slowly than dry land does.

? The circulation of warm water causes some coastal lands to have warmer climates than they would have with the currents.

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Chapter 13 Section 1 Earth's Oceans

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Chapter 13 Section 1 Earth's Oceans

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Chapter 13 Section 1 Earth's Oceans

Section Summary

? The global ocean is divided by the continents into five main oceans: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean.

? The five oceans as we know them today formed within the last 300 million years.

? Salts have been added to the ocean for billions of years. Salinity is a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given weight or mass of liquid.

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Chapter 13 Section 1 Earth's Oceans

Section Summary

? The three temperature zones of ocean water are the surface zone, the thermocline, and the deep zone.

? The water cycle is the continuous movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean. The ocean plays the largest role in the water cycle.

? The ocean stabilizes Earth's weather conditions by absorbing and holding thermal energy.

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