TEXAS DUCATION GENCY Secondary School AUSTIN TEXAS ...

TEXAS EDUCATION

AGENCY

AUSTIN, TEXAS

Secondary School Completion and Dropouts

in Texas Public Schools 2009-10

DEPARTMENT OF ASSESSMENT,

ACCOUNTABILITY,

AND

DATA QUALITY

DIVISION OF ACCOUNTABILITY

RESEARCH

JULY 2011

Secondary School Completion and Dropouts

in Texas Public Schools 2009-10

Project Staff Robin McMillion Jason Ramirez Emily Swinkels

Kayan Lewis Editorial Staff Richard Kallus Christine Whalen Anthony Grasso

Division of Accountability Research Department of Assessment, Accountability, and Data Quality

Texas Education Agency July 2011

Texas Education Agency Robert Scott, Commissioner of Education Lizzette Reynolds, Deputy Commissioner for Statewide Policy and Programs

Department of Assessment, Accountability, and Data Quality Criss Cloudt, Associate Commissioner

Office of Data Development, Analysis, and Research Patricia Sullivan, Deputy Associate Commissioner

Division of Accountability Research Linda Roska, Director

Citation. Texas Education Agency. (2011). Secondary school completion and dropouts in Texas public schools, 2009-10 (Document No. GE11 601 08). Austin, TX: Author.

Abstract. The Texas Education Agency (TEA) prepares an annual report on graduates and dropouts in Texas public secondary schools. This report includes state summaries of the annual dropout rate, longitudinal graduation, completion, and dropout rates, and state attrition rates. In addition to statewide statistics, the report provides historical information about dropout policy in Texas and the evolution of the dropout definition used for accountability purposes. Common methods of measuring student progress through school are discussed, along with advantages and disadvantages associated with each measure. Extensive background information on TEA data collection, processing, and reporting is presented, and national requirements for dropout data are described.

Keywords. Secondary education, high school completion, dropouts, annual dropout rate, longitudinal dropout rate, completion rate, graduation rate, attrition rate, Grades 7-12, Grades 7-8, Grades 9-12.

Additional copies of this document may be purchased using the order form in the back of this publication. Also, the report is available in PDF format on the agency website at . Additional information about this report may be obtained by contacting the Texas Education Agency Division of Accountability Research by phone at (512) 475-3523 or by e-mail at research@tea.state.tx.us.

Copyright ? Notice. The materials are copyrighted ? and trademarked TM as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of TEA, except under the following conditions: (1) Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts' and schools' educational use without obtaining permission from TEA; (2) residents of the state of Texas may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for individual personal use only without obtaining written permission of TEA; (3) any portion reproduced must be reproduced in its entirety and remain unedited, unaltered and unchanged in any way; and (4) no monetary charge can be made for the reproduced materials or any document containing them; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged. Private entities or persons located in Texas that are not Texas public school districts, Texas Education Service Centers, or Texas charter schools or any entity, whether public or private, educational or non-educational, located outside the state of Texas MUST obtain written approval from TEA and will be required to enter into a license agreement that may involve the payment of a licensing fee or a royalty. For information contact: Office of Copyrights, Trademarks, License Agreements, and Royalties, Texas Education Agency, 1701 N. Congress Ave., Austin, TX 78701-1494; phone 512-463-9270 or 512-936-6060; email: copyrights@tea.state.tx.us.

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Secondary School Completion and Dropouts, 2009-10

Contents

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... ix Overview.......................................................................................................................................... x Highlights........................................................................................................................................ xi

Definitions and Calculations of High School Completion ..................................................................... 1 Measures of High School Completion ............................................................................................. 2 Definitions and Calculations for Accountability ........................................................................... 10

History of Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Reporting in Texas ................................................ 13 Chronology .................................................................................................................................... 14 Dropout Definition......................................................................................................................... 18 Annual Dropout Rates.................................................................................................................... 20 Longitudinal Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Rates ........................................................... 24

Data Used in Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Reporting .......................................................... 29 Public Education Information Management System Data ............................................................. 30 Creating the Roster of Students ..................................................................................................... 32 Accounting for Students by the Texas Education Agency ............................................................ 33 Accounting for Students by Districts ............................................................................................. 34 Processing Leaver Records ............................................................................................................ 36 Reporting of Race/Ethnicity .......................................................................................................... 39 District Results for Leaver Processing........................................................................................... 41 Data Quality in Dropout Reporting................................................................................................ 43

Results for Texas Public Schools ......................................................................................................... 47 Annual Dropout Rates.................................................................................................................... 48 Longitudinal Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Rates ........................................................... 67 Attrition Rates................................................................................................................................ 82 Data Quality Measures................................................................................................................... 85

Uses of Texas Annual Dropout Data and Longitudinal Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Data ...................................................................................................................................................... 89

State Accountability System .......................................................................................................... 90 Federal Accountability System ...................................................................................................... 94 Other National Reporting............................................................................................................... 95 Appendix A. Comparison of a Grade 9-12 Longitudinal Dropout Rate and a Grade 9-12

Attrition Rate ............................................................................................................... 101 Appendix B. Changes Resulting From Adoption of the National Center for Education Statistics

Dropout Definition ...................................................................................................... 103

Secondary School Completion and Dropouts, 2009-10

iii

Appendix C. Leaver Reason Codes and Documentation Requirements in the Public Education Information Management System................................................................................107

Appendix D. Supplemental Tables....................................................................................................119

Appendix E. Student Characteristic and Program Participation Data in Annual Dropout Rates and Longitudinal Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Rates...................................127

References ........................................................................................................................................... 133

List of Tables

Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. Table 17.

Common Methods of Measuring Student Progress Through School...............................3

Incorporation of the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Dropout Definition in Longitudinal Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Rates........................7

Chronology of Texas Education Agency Dropout Definition and Data Processing Enhancements ................................................................................................................21

Chronology of Texas Education Agency Longitudinal Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Rate Definitions and Data Processing Enhancements ..............................25

Leaver Reason Codes, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 .................................................35

Exit Reasons for District Leavers, Grades 7-12, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 .........42

Criteria for Investigation of Leaver Data, 2008-09........................................................45

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 7-8, by Race/Ethnicity, Economic Status, and Gender, Texas Public Schools, 2005-06 Through 2009-10........49

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 7-8, by Program Participation, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10................................................................51

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 7-8, by Student Characteristic, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10..............................................................51

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 9-12, by Race/Ethnicity, Economic Status, and Gender, Texas Public Schools, 2005-06 Through 2009-10........52

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 9-12, by Program Participation, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10................................................................54

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 9-12, by Student Characteristic, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10..............................................................54

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 7-12, by Race/Ethnicity, Economic Status, and Gender, Texas Public Schools, 2005-06 Through 2009-10........55

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 7-12, by Program Participation, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10................................................................57

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 7-12, by Student Characteristic, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10..............................................................57

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 7-12, by Student Age, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10......................................................................................58

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Secondary School Completion and Dropouts, 2009-10

Table 18. Table 19. Table 20. Table 21. Table 22.

Table 23.

Table 24. Table 25. Table 26. Table 27. Table 28. Table 29.

Table 30.

Table 31. Table 32.

Table 33. Table 34. Table 35.

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, by Grade and Gender, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 ................................................................................................ 58

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, by Grade, Race/Ethnicity, and Economic Status, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 ........................................................ 60

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, by Grade and Gender Within Racial/Ethnic Groups, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 ................................................. 62

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 7-12, Hispanic Students by Race, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 ...................................................................... 64

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 7-8 and Grades 9-12, Current and Former Limited English Proficient (LEP) Students, by Special Language Program Instructional Model, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 .................... 65

Grade 9 Longitudinal Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Rates, by Race/Ethnicity, Economic Status, and Gender, Texas Public Schools, Classes of 2006 Through 2010 ................................................................................................... 68

Grade 9 Longitudinal Graduation and Dropout Rates, by Program Participation, Texas Public Schools, Class of 2010............................................................................. 70

Grade 9 Longitudinal Graduation and Dropout Rates, by Student Characteristic, Texas Public Schools, Class of 2010............................................................................. 71

Graduates, by Diploma Program, Texas Public Schools, Class of 2010 Grade 9 Cohort ............................................................................................................................ 72

Dropouts, by Grade, Texas Public Schools, Class of 2010 Grade 9 Cohort ................. 72

Other Leavers, by Leaver Reason and On-Grade Status, Texas Public Schools, Class of 2010 Grade 9 Cohort ....................................................................................... 75

Grade 9 Five-Year Extended Longitudinal Graduation and Dropout Rates, by Race/Ethnicity, Economic Status, Gender, Limited English Proficiency Status, and Special Education Program Participation, Texas Public Schools, Class of 2009, Fall 2009 and Fall 2010 ................................................................................................. 76

Grade 9 Five-Year Extended Longitudinal Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Rates, by Race/Ethnicity, Economic Status, and Gender, Texas Public Schools, Class of 2008, Fall 2009, and Class of 2009, Fall 2010 ................................................ 78

Grade 9 Seven-Year Extended Longitudinal Graduation and Dropout Rates, Texas Public Schools, Class of 2007, Fall 2007 Through Fall 2010............................. 79

Grade 7 Longitudinal Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Rates, by Race/Ethnicity and Economic Status, Texas Public Schools, Classes of 2006 Through 2010 ................................................................................................................ 80

Enrollment and Attrition Rate, Grades 9-12, by Race/Ethnicity and Economic Status, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 ......................................................................... 82

Enrollment and Attrition Rate, Grades 7-12, by Race/Ethnicity and Economic Status, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 ......................................................................... 83

Comparison of Rates Based on Tracking Individual Students and Rates Based on Aggregate Numbers, Texas Public Schools, Class of 2010 .......................................... 84

Secondary School Completion and Dropouts, 2009-10

v

Table 36. Table 37. Table 38. Table 39. Table 40. Table 41.

Table 42. Table 43. Table 44. Table C-1. Table D-1.

Table D-2.

Table D-3. Table D-4. Table D-5. Table E-1.

Reported and Underreported Students, Grades 7-12, Texas Public Schools, 2005-06 Through 2009-10 .............................................................................................85

Reported and Underreported Students, Grades 7-12, by Race/Ethnicity, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 ................................................................................................86

Student Identification Errors on Leaver Records, Texas Public Schools, 1997-98 Through 2009-10 ...........................................................................................................86

Grade 9 Longitudinal Cohort, Texas Public Schools, Classes of 2006 Through 2010................................................................................................................................ 87

Completion and Annual Dropout Rate Standards Under Standard Accountability Procedures, Texas Public Education Accountability System, 2004 Through 2011.......92

Campuses Rated Academically Unacceptable Because of Annual Dropout or Four-Year Completion Rates, by Accountability Procedure, Texas Public Schools, 2004 Through 2010........................................................................................................93

National Center for Education Statistics Event Dropout Rates, Grades 9-12, by State, 2006-07 Through 2008-09 ...................................................................................96

National Center for Education Statistics Averaged Freshman Graduation Rates, by State, 2006-07 Through 2008-09 ..............................................................................97

Four-Year Graduation Rates, by Race/Ethnicity, Selected States Using the National Governors Association Compact Rate, Class of 2009 ....................................99

Leaver Reason Codes in the Public Education Information Management System......113

Grade 9 Longitudinal Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Rates, by Race/Ethnicity, Economic Status, and Gender, Texas Public Schools, Classes of 1996 Through 2005 .................................................................................................120

Grade 7 Longitudinal Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Rates, by Race/Ethnicity and Economic Status, Texas Public Schools, Classes of 1998 Through 2005...............................................................................................................123

Grade 9 Longitudinal Cohort, Texas Public Schools, Classes of 2001 Through 2005.............................................................................................................................. 125

Students, Dropouts, and Annual Dropout Rate, Grades 9-12, Charters and Traditional Districts, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10..................................................125

Grade 9 Longitudinal Graduation and Dropout Rates, Charters and Traditional Districts, Texas Public Schools, Class of 2010............................................................125

Student Characteristic and Program Participation Data in Annual Dropout Rate and Longitudinal Graduation, Completion, and Dropout Rate Calculations ...............130

List of Figures

Figure 1. Figure 2.

Year-to-Year Reporting of Students in Grades 7-12, Texas Public Schools, 2009-10 ..........................................................................................................................41

Grade 9 Longitudinal Graduation and Completion Rates, by Race/Ethnicity, Economic Status, and Gender, Texas Public Schools, Class of 2010............................70

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Secondary School Completion and Dropouts, 2009-10

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