Texas in the Age of Reform



Texas in the Age of ReformChapter 24 Section 1Name: ____________________________________________ Per____Date_______________________1. What does it mean to REFORM something? _________________________________________ (glossary)2. Describe something you think needs to be REFORMED in our school. Tell why it should be REFORMED. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Reform MovementsFarmers Demand ReformSolution 1: The GrangeSolution 2: The Southern Farmers’ AllianceSolution 3: The Populists Farmers and Reform1. What caused a boom (increase) in farm production in the late 1800s? (pg 498)Movement of farmers and railroads into the plains.2. What happened to the price farmers could charge for crops when their supply (how many they had) outpaced (was more than) the demand? (pg 498) Prices fell.(Continued on back)Farmers Demand Reform Continued1. As farmers’ problems mounted, many joined together to work on solutions. (499)2. How did cooperative stores work? (499)They purchased in large amounts to buy at a lower price.3. What were railroads doing that the Grange tried to end? (499)Charging more for long hauls than for short ones.(Continued on back)The GrangeContinued1. The SFA was more politically active than the Grange. (500)2. Merchants who did not participate in the Alliance system would often dropped prices to compete with the Alliance co-ops. (500)3. What else caused Alliance stores to struggle? (500)Sold goods for cash not credit.(Continued on back)Southern Farmers’ Alliance Continued1. The Democrats failure to back the Sub Treasury Plan prompted Alliance members to form the People’s Party commonly called the Populist Party. (501)2. What 3 things did the Populists want? (502)a. reduce influence of big business on government.b. Government ownership of railroads and the telephone and telegraph systems. (Continued on back)The PopulistsContinued3. In the 1880s how much could a cotton farmer expect to make for each pound of cotton? (His profit=cost-selling price) (pg 498)10-8=2 cents per pound4. When farmers tried to overcome foreign competition, high interest rates and droughts by growing more crops, the result was overproduction and prices fell. (pg 499)5. Even as they earned less, farmers had to pay more for goods and services they needed to operate. (pg 499)6. When crop prices continued to drop, farmers struggled to meet ends.4. Because of pressure from the Grange, the state passed laws to regulate or control railroads. (500)4. What was pooling? (500) Combining efforts to prevent competition between companies.3. An 8 hour workday and an increase in the money supply.5. In spite of the different groups efforts, farmers continued to face problems.(502)Texas in the Age of ReformChapter 24 Section 2Name: _______________________________ Read pages 503-5061. What does it mean to REFORM something? _________________________________________(glossary)2. Describe something you think needs to be REFORMED in the state of Texas. Tell why it should be REFORMED. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Government and ReformGovernment & Big BusinessHogg As GovernorFarmerJim1. By the late 1800’s many railroad companies, oil companies and other businesses provided new jobs, products and services but some Texans worried that (503) might have become to powerful.2. What is a monopoly? (503)Sole economic control of a field in business.3. A monopoly eliminates competition, giving a corporation the ability to control prices.(503)(continued on back)Government & BB Continued1. What position was Hogg elected to in 1890? (505)Governor2. His administration pushed for laws regulation business which became known as Hogg Laws. (505)3. Under the leadership of Hogg and other party leaders, which party dominated Texas politics? (505)Democrats1. Ferguson gained the support of the state’s poor particularly its tenant farmers by working for reform. (506)2. Name the important reforms that were passed while he was governor. (506)a. limit rents charged to tenet farmers.b. aid to rural schools and more funds to colleges.c. established a highway department in 1917 to improve railroads.(continued on back)Farmer JimContinued4. Because of monopolies, Texans often (503-504) paid more for goods.5. James Hogg was elected Attorney General of Texas in 1886. (504)6. He brought lawsuits against companies for unfair business practices. (504)7. He forced many insurance companies that were engaged in illegal activities to stop (504) operating in Texas.3. As governor, Ferguson developed some powerful enemies who accused him of misusing state funds.(506)4. In his second term as governor he vetoed most of the funding for the University of Texas because school officials did not fire certain faculty members. (506) 5. Many Texans disapproved of the veto, and some wanted him removed from office. (506)6. The Texas House of Rep. impeached the governor in 1917, filing 21 charges against him. (506)7. The Senate found the governor guilty of 10 charges. (506)Texas in the Age of ReformChapter 24 Section 3Name: _______________________________ Read pages 507-5101. What does it mean to REFORM something? __________________________________________(glossary)2. Describe something you think needs to be REFORMED in the United States of America. Tell why it should be REFORMED. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Progressives and ReformGovernmentReformsWorkplace and Health ReformsEducationReform1. What were reformers called in the 1900s? (507)Progressives2. What does progressive mean? (507) Forward looking.3. Progressives tackled a variety of issues, including election reform. (507)4. The Terrell Election Law attacked election fraud by requiring the use of official ballots.(507)5. What did the Seventeenth Amendment do? (507)Vote directly for U.S. Senators. (continued on back)GovernmentReforms Continued1. Progressives fought for: (509) a. higher wages.b. better working conditions.c. shorter work week.2. Progressives also opposed child labor. (509)3. List the conditions children worked under. (509)a. long work hours. b. little education. c. little exercise. d________________________ e. _______________________ 4. When did Texas pass its first child labor law? (509) 1903(continued on back)Workplace & Health Reforms Continued1. Texas ranked near the bottom of the nation in education. (509)2. Teachers were often untrained and schools lacked the proper resources and facilities. (509)3. In the late 1800s the state established several schools to train teachers.(509)4. In 1915 the legislature passed a law requiring school attendance which led to more children going to school. (510)5. How did the reforms change the lives of Texas women? (510)The gained access to education and could attend college.(continued on back)EducationReform Continued6. Another of the progressives’ goals was to make local government more efficient.(507)7. After the Galveston hurricane many people felt that the government could not cope with the disaster.508)8. To rebuild the city, a new form of local government called the commission plan was established. (508)9. Under the commission plan, each commissioner supervises different city services.(508)10. Emphasis was placed more on knowledge of city services and less on politics. (508)5. Progressives also worried about unregulated food and drugs because eating poorly processed food or taking unsafe medications made people sick. (509)6. These laws led to increased cost for businesses that had to meet the higher standards but most Texans agreed that the benefits outweighed the costs because the laws helped improve the lives and health of many in the state. (509)6. As educational opportunities for women increased, so too did their job prospects.(510)7. Which 2 groups did not benefit from education reform? (510)a. African Americansb. Mexican Americans8. Because of separate funding based on race many AA’s and MA’s did not have equal educational opportunities. (510)9. AA’s seeking to earn law or medical degrees had to attend out of state schools.(510)Texas in the Age of ReformChapter 24 Section 4Name: _______________________________ Read pages 511-5131. What does it mean to REFORM something? _______________________________________(glossary)2. Pick one of the REFORMS you thought about on the other pages and tell how you would go about making it happen. For example: If the REFORM you wanted to see was more time for lunch each day, how would you get that to happen? Organize the students, appeal to the parents, petition, write your legislators?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Women and the Progressive MovementThe Temperance MovementThe Suffrage MovementLimitsOf Reform1. What was the Temperance Movement?(511)People needed to drink less alcohol.2. What was Prohibition? (511)Banning of the manufacture, distribution and sale of alcohol.3. The 18th Amendment won the support of enough state legislatures to be ratified in 1919. (512)(continued on back)Temperance Movement Continued1. Besides prohibition list the other things women fought for: (512) a. working mothers’ rights.b. limit child labor. c. food safetyd. school attendance2. An overriding issue for women of the time was the effort to gain the right to vote.(512)(continued on back)Suffrage MovementContinued1. Which group of women were also fighting for reforms but not always welcomed by white reformers? (513)African Americans and Mexican Americans.2. Who was Christia Adair? (513)A black women who worked for suffrage and equal rights.3.Who was Jovita Idar? (513) A Mexican American woman who worked for Mexican American rights.(continued on back)Limits of Reform Continued4. The manufacture and sale of alcohol became illegal throughout the nation in 1920. (512).3. What did the Nineteenth Amendment say? (512)Gave women the right to vote (suffrage.)4. When was the 19th Amendment passed? 1920(512)5. What issues did the Women’s Joint Legislative Council focus on? (512)a. educationb. prison reformc. child labor issues4. Voting in local Democratic primary elections was restricted to white Texans only.(513)5. In 1902 Texas began to require a poll tax or a tax on voting. (513)6. This resulted in poor Texans, many of whom were African American and Mexican American not being able to afford to vote. (513)7. The state passed more Jim Crow laws during the early 1900s. List the areas that were segregated, separating African Americans and whites. (513)a. public facilitiesb. restaurantsc. hotelsd. drinking fountationse. housing8. Increased racial hostility sometimes led to the lynching or hanging-of black citizens. (513)9. Many years would go by before the laws were passed to help protect the rights of African Americans in Texas. (513) ................
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