இலக்கணக் கு ற ிப்பற ிதல்



jkpo; ,yf;fzk; ,yf;fzk; Ie;J tifg;gLk;

1. vOj;jpyf;fzk; 2. nrhy;ypyf;fzk; 3. nghUspyf;fzk; 4. ahg;gpyf;fzk; 5. mzpapyf;fzk;

vOj;jpd; tiffs; vOj;Jf;fs; ,uz;L tifg;gLk; 1. capnuOj;Jfs; 2. rhh;ngOj;Jfs;

KjnyOj;Jfspd; tiffs; KjnyOj;Jf;fs; ,uz;L tifg;gLk; 1. capnuOj;Jfs; 2. nka;naOj;Jfs;

capnuOj;Jfspd; tiffs;

capnuOj;Jfs; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;

1. Fw;nwOj;Jfs; (m> ,> c> v> x)

2. nel;nlOj;Jfs; (M> C> V> I>

X>

xs)

nka;naOj;Jfspd; tiffs;

nka;naOj;Jfs; %d;W tifg;gLk;

1. ty;ypdk; (f;> r;> l;> j;> g;> w;)

2. nky;ypdk; (q;> Q;> z>; e;> k;> d;)

3. ,ilapdk; (a;> h;> y;> t;> o;> s;)

Ma;j vOj;J

Kg;Gs;sp> Kg;ghw;Gs;sp> jdpepiy>

Kw;wha;jk;

Mfpa

ngah;fshYk;

miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

rhh;ngOj;J mjd; tiffs;

Kjy; vOj;Jf;fshfpa caph;

vOj;Jf;fisAk;>

nka;naOj;JfisAk;

rhh;e;J ,aq;Fk; vOj;Jfs; rhh;ngOj;Jfs;

vdg;gLk;.

rhh;ngOj;J gj;J tifg;gLk;.

1. caph;nka;

2. Ma;jk;

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3. capusngil 4. xw;wsngil 5. Fw;wpaYfuk; 6. Fw;wpaypfuk; 7. Ifhuf;FWf;fk; 8. xsfhuf;FWf;fk; 9. kfuf;FWf;fk; 10. Ma;jf;FWf;fk;

"caph;nka; Maj; k; capus nghw;ws g/fpa ,cI xs k/fhd;

jdpepiy gj;Jk; rhh;ngOj;jhFk;"

ed;D}y; 1. vOj;Jfs;

KjnyOj;Jfs;(30) rhh;ngOj;Jfs;(10)

capnuOj;Jfs;(12) nka;naOj;Jfs;(18)

caph;f;Fw;nwOj;Jfs;(5)

caph;nel;nlOj;Jfs;7

(m> ,> c> v> x)

(M>C> V> I>

X> xs

ty;ypd nka;naOj;Jfs;(6) (f;> r;> l;> j;> g;> w;)

nky;ypd nka;naOj;Jfs;(6) (q;> Q;> z>; e;> k;> d;)

,ilapd nka;naOj;Jfs; (6) (a;> h;> y;> t;> o;> s;)

msngil

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"msngil" vd;gjw;F "ePz;L

xypj;jy;" vd;W nghUs;. nra;Aspy; Xir FiwAk; NghJ xU nrhy;ypd; KjypYk;>

,ilapYk;>

,WjpapYk;

epw;Fk;

nel;nlOj;Jfs; VOk; jkf;Fhpa ,uz;L khj;jpiuapypUe;J ePz;L xypg;gNj msngil

vdg;gLk;.

msT khj;jpiu> vil vLj;jy; vd;gJ nghUs;

vOj;jpd; khj;jpiu mstpy; ePl;b xypj;jy;

khj;jpiu msT: caph;f;Fwpy;> caph;nka;f;Fwpy; caph; neby;> caph;nka;neby; ,uz;L nka;> Ma;jk; capusngil ehd;F xw;wsngil

- xd;W -

- %d;W -

- Ie;J

msngilapd; tiffs;:

msngil ,uz;L tifg;gLk;.

1. capusngil

2. xw;wsngil

1. capusngil

caph; msngil capusngil

nra;Aspy; Xir FiwAk; NghJ me;j

Xiria

epiwT

nra;a

caph;nel;nlOj;Jfs; VOk; (M> C> V>

I> X> xs)

msngLf;Fk; mt;thW

msngLf;Fk; NghJ msngLj;jikia mwpa

nel;nlOj;JfSf;F ,dkhd Fw;nwOj;Jfs;

mtw;wpd; gf;fj;jpy; vOjg;gLk;.

capusngilapd; tiffs;: capusngil %d;W tifg;gLk;. I. nra;Aspirasngil (my;yJ) ,irepiwasngil II. ,dd; pirasngil III. nrhy;ypirasngil

I. nra;Aspirasngil

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nra;Aspy;

Xiria

epiwT

nra;jw;nghUl;L> nrhy;ypd; Kjy;> ,il>

filapYs;s

caph;

nel;nlOj;Jfs;

msngLj;J tUtijr; nra;Aspirasngil

vd;gh;. ,jw;F ,ir epiwasngil vd;w

NtW ngaUk; cz;L.

v.fh:

"Vhpd; cohmh; coth; ganyd;Dk;

thThhp tsq;Fd;wpf; fhy;"

,f;Fwl;ghtpy; "cohmh"; vd;Dk; nrhy;

msngLj;J te;Js;sJ. cohh; vd;gJ

,ay;ghd nrhy;

(v.fh) "nflhm topte;j Nfz;ikahh;

Nfz;ik

tplh mh; tpioAk; cyF"

,f;Fwl;ghtpy; nflh vd;gJ nflhm vd

,WjpapYk;> tplh vd;gJ tplhmh; vd

,ilapYk; msngLj;Jte;Js;sJ.

NkYk; rpy v.fh

1) cohmh; 2) glhmh; 3) njh*ck;

4) J}c

5) jUck; 6) MmJk;

7) Xxjy; 8) njhohmd; 9) cwhmik

10) ngwhm

msngil cwhmik ? nra;Aspir msngil

II. ,d;dpirasngil

nra;Aspy; Xir Fiwahj nghOJk;>

nrtpf;F ,dpa Xiriaj; jUk; nghUl;L

caph;f;Fwpy; nebyhfp> NkYk; msngLg;gJ

,d;dpirasngil MFk;.

v.fh:

nfLg;gJ}ck; nfl;lhh;f;Fr; rhh;tha;

khw;whq;Nf

vLg;gJ}ck; vy;yhk; kio.

nfLg;gJk;> vLg;gJk; vd;W xir Fiwahj

,lj;jpYk; ,dpa xir jUtjw;fhff; Fwpy;

nebyhf

khwp

msngLg;gJ

,d;dpirasngil vdg;gLk;.

NkYk; rpy v.fh:

1) cs;sJ}ck;

2) mjdpD}cq;F

III. nrhy;ypirasngil

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nra;Aspy; xir Fd;whj nghOJk;> ngah;r;nrhy; tpidnar;rg; nghUisj; jUtjw;fhf msngLg;gJ nrhy;ypir msngil vdg;gLk;. v.fh: Fbjop,f; NfhNyhr;Rk; khepy kd;dd;

mbjop, epw;Fk; cyF. ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; jop> vd;wpUg;gpDk; nra;Aspd;

xir Fiwtjpy;iy ,,joP vd;gJ jOTjy; vdg; nghUs; jUk;.

ngah;r;nrhy;yhFk; mr;nrhy; ,,jo;, vd

msngLj;jhy; ,,jOtp vd tpidnar;rr; nrhy;yhapw;W.

",irnfbd; nkhopKjy; ,ilfil epiy neby;

msngLk; mtw;wtw; epdf;Fws; FwpNa" ed;D}y; - 91

msngil

1. voP,

- nrhy;ypir msngil

2. flhm ahid> rhma; Njhs; - ,irepiw

msngilfs;

3. mjdpD}cq;F - ,d;dpir msngil

msngil

1. xhP,> joP,

-

nrhy;ypir

msngilfs;

2. joP,f;nfhs;s -

nrhy;ypir

msngil

3. cwP,

-

nrhy;ypir

msngil

4. jhq;FW}ck;> tsh;f;FW}ck; - ,d;dpir

msngilfs;

5. nra;Nfh

- ,,X fhuk; mir

epiy

6. Qhd;Nw

- ,,V fhuk; mir

epiy

7. jhNd

- Vfhuk; gphpepiy

8. fs;tNdh

- Xfhuk; gphpepiy

9. tpisnrak; MtNjh ? Xfhuk; vjph;kiw

10. Fd;wNkh NgaNjh> G+jNkh VNjh ?

Xfhuq;fs; tpdhg;nghUs;

Vfhuk; 1. ahNdh murd;

- Xfhuk; vjph;kiw

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2. mUtpid vd;g csNth ? Xfhuk;

vjph;kiw

3. ahNd fs;td; -

Vfhuk;

Njw;wg;nghUspy; te;jJ.

Vfhuk;

1. nry;th;f;Nf

- Vfhuk; gphpepiyg;

nghUspy; te;jJ

2. rPtfw;Nf

- Vfhuk; Njw;Nwfhuk;

3. fhaNk> fz;Nz -

Xfhuq;fs;

Njw;Nwfhuq;fs;

4. Gz;Nzh> ,fo; clk;Ngh nka; - Xfhuk;

vjph;kiwfs;

msngil 2. xw;wsngil

nra;Aspy; Xir FiwAk; NghJ mjid epiwT nra;tjw;Fr; nrhy;ypYs;s nka;naOj;J msngLj;jiy xw;wsngil vd;W miof;fpNwhk;. v.fh: vq;qfpiw tDs ndd;gha;.

nt//Fthh;f; fpy;iy tPL ,j;njhlhpy; tzz ; vOj;Jfshf cs;s q; vd;gJk; / vd;gJk; ,UKiw te;Js;sd. ,t;thW q;> Q;> z;> e;> k;> d;> t;> a;> y;> s; Mfpa gj;J nka;Ak;. / xd;Wk; Mfg; gjpNdhh; vOj;JfSk; xU Fwpiy mLj;Jk; ,UFwpy;fis mLj;Jk; nra;Aspy; ,dpa Xir Ntzb; msngLf;Fk;. ,t;thW msngLg;gjw;F xw;wsngil vdg;gLk;.

"qQz ekd tayd Ma;jk; msghk; Fwpypdz Fwpw;rpopilfil

kpfNy atw;wpd; Fwpahk; NtNw" ed;D}y; - 92

Fw;wpaYfuk;

Fw;wpaYfuk; - FWik ,ay; cfuk;

(F> R> L> J> G> W)

xU khj;jpiuasT xypf;f Ntzb; a

cfuk;

miu

khj;jpiuasthff;

Fiwe;njhypg;gJ Fw;wpaYfukhFk;.

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jdp nebYlNdh> gy vOj;Jfisj;

njhlh;e;Njh nrhy;Yf;F ,Wjpapy; ty;ypd

nka;NahL Nrh;e;J tUk; cfuk; jdf;Fhpa

xU khj;jpiuapypUe;J Fiwe;J miu

khj;jpiuasNt xypf;Fk;. ,jidNa

Fw;wpaYfuk; vd;gh;.

gR ? fhR> gL ? ghL> mJ ? ge;J

Nkw;fzl; nrhw;fspy; gR> gL> mJ

Nghd;w nrhw;fs; ,jo; Ftpe;J ed;F

xypf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,q;F F> R> L> J Nghd;w

vOj;Jf;fSf;F xU khj;jpiu msT.

Mdhy; fhR> ghL> ge;J Nghd;w

nrhw;fspy; F> R> L. J Nghd;w

vOj;Jf;fspd;

cfuk;

Fiwe;J

xypf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,JNt Fw;wpaYfuk; MFk;.

,q;F F> R> L. J Mfpa

vOj;Jf;fs; jdf;Fhpa xU khj;jpiu

mstpypUe;J Fiwe;J miu khj;jpiuahf

xypf;fpwJ.

1) jdp xU Fw;nwOj;ij mLj;J tUk;

cfuk; vOj;Jfs; jdf;Fhpa xU khj;jpiu

msthfNt xypf;fpwJ.

(v.fh) mJ> gR> gL> nghJ)

2) nrhy;Yf;F KjypYk;> ,ilapYk; tUk;

,,cfuk; jdf;Fhpa xU khj;jpiu mstpy;

Fiwe;J xypf;fhJ.

3) nrhy;Yf;F ,Wjpapy; tUk; ty;ypdk;

nka;fis (f;> r;> l;> j;> g;> w;) Ch;e;J

cfuk; (F> R> L> J> G> W) kl;LNk

jdf;Fhpa xU khj;jpiu mstpy; Fiwe;J

miu khj;jpiuahf xypf;Fk;.

nrhy;ypd; ,Wjp vOj;jhf epw;Fk;

Fw;wpaYfuj;jpw;F Kd; cs;s vOj;ij

Nehf;f Fw;wpaYfuk; MW tifahfg;

gphpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Fw;wpaYfuj;jpd; tiffs; Fw;wpaYfuk; MW tifg;gLk;

1) neby;njhlh;f; Fww; paYfuk; 2) Ma;jj;njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; 3) caph;j;njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; 4) td;njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; 5) nkd;njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; 6) ,ilj;njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;

? tamil.examsdaily.in

1) neby; njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; jdp nebiyj; njhlh;e;J tUk;

Fw;wpaYfuk; neby; njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; MFk;. (jdp neby; vd;gJ caph; nebyhfTk;> caph;nka; nebyhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;) v.fh: ghF> fhR> NjhL> fhJ> NrhW

2) Ma;jj; njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;: Ma;j vOj;ijj; njhlh;e;J tUk;

Fw;wpaYfuk; Ma;jj; njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; MFk;. v.fh: v/F> m/F> f/R

3) caph;njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;: capnuOj;ijj; njhlh;e;J tUk;

Fw;wpaYfuk; caph;j; njhlh;f;Fw;wpaYfuk; MFk;. v.fh: moF> KuR> gzg; hL> vUJ> kuG> ghyhW>

,r;nrhw;fspy; ty;ypd nka;fis Ch;e;J te;j cfuk; (F> R> L. J> G> W) capnuOj;ijj; njhlh;e;J (o ? o; m> u ? h; m> gh ? g; M> U ? h; c> yh ? y; M) jr;R> jl;L> gj;J> cg;G> Gw;W

5) nkd;njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;:

nky;ypd nka;naOj;ijj; njhlh;e;J

tUk;

Fw;wpaYfuk;

nkd;njhlh;f;

Fw;wpaYfuk; vdg;gLk;.

v.fh: ghq;F> gQ;R> tzL; > ge;J> mk;G>

fd;W

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6) ,ilj;njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;: ,ilapd nka;naOj;ijj; njhlh;e;J

tUk; Fw;wpaYfuk; ,ilj; njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; MFk;. v.fh: %o;F> nra;J> rhy;G> rhh;G

"nebNyhL Ma;jk; caph;typ nkyp ,ilj;

njhlh;nkhop ,Wjp td;ikA+ Ufuk;

m/Fk; gpwNky; njhluTk; ngWNk" ed;D}y; - 94

Fw;wpaypfuk;

FWik ,ay; ,fuk; Fw;wpaypfuk; (FWfpa XiriaAila ,fuk;) ,fuk; jdf;Fhpa xU khj;jpiu

mstpy; ,Ue;J miu khj;jpiuahff;

Fiwe;njhypg;gJ Fw;wpaypfukhFk;.

tPL ahJ? tPbahJ? xU Fw;wpaYfur; nrhy;ypd; (tPL)

Kd; "ah" vd;Dk; vOj;ij Kjyhf cila

nrhy;

(ahJ)

te;J

NrUk;NghJ>

mf;Fw;wpaYfur; nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; cs;s

cfuk; ,fukhf khWk; (l;, b) (tPbahJ) ,JNt Fw;wpaYfuk; vdg;gLk;. ,jw;Ff; fhy msT miu khj;jpiu MFk;.

epiynkhopapd;

it> ij. Ifhuk; jdpj;J xypf;Fk;NghJ ,uz;L khj;jpiu mstpy; xypf;fpd;wJ.

Ifhuk; nkhopf;F Kjy;> ,il> fil Mfpa ,lq;fspy; tUk;NghJ> nkhopf;F Kjypy; xd;wiu khj;jpiuasTk;> Vida ,lq;fspy; xU khj;jpiuasTk; xypf;Fk; Ifhuk; ,t;thW Fiwe;J xypg;gNj Ifhuf; FWf;fk; MFk;.

Ie;J Ifhuk; nkhopf;F Kjypy; 1? khj;jpiu

,isQh; Ifhuk; nkhopf;F ,ilapy; 1

khj;jpiu

Gwit Ifhuk; nkhopf;F filapy; 1 khj;jpiu

xsfhuf; FWf;fk;

xsfhuk;

FWf;fk;

xsfhuf;FWf;fk;

xsfhuk;

jdf;Fhpa

,uz;L

khj;jpiuapypUe;J

Fiwe;J

xd;wiu

khj;jpiuahfTk; xU khj;jpiuahfTk;

xypg;gJ xsfhuf; FWf;Fk; MFk;.

xsfhuk; jdpj;j xypf;Fk; NghJ

kl;Lk; jdf;Fhpa ,uz;L khj;jpiu msT

xypf;Fk;.

nkhopf;F Kjypy; tUk;nghOJ

xd;wiu khj;jpiu msNt xypf;Fk;. xsfhuk;

nkhopf;F ,ilapYk;> filapYk; tuhJ.

v.fh: xsit ? nkhopf;F Kjypy; xd;wiu

khj;jpiu

"jw; Rl; ls nkhop Ik;% topAk;

ieAk; xsTk; Kjy; mw;whFk;"

ed;D}y; - 95

kfuf;FWf;fk;

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