Introduction to Health - Home



Final Exam Review

Wellness:

1. What is wellness?

A: The overall health of the body and mind

2. Know what the difference between each dimension of wellness is:

a.Social b. Emotional c. Spiritual d. Environmental E. Intellectual F. Physical

A: Social - the ability to create and maintain positive relationships with others

B: Emotional - the ability to express and manage feelings

C: Spiritual - the ability to feel purpose and peace in life

D: Environmental - the ability to recognize and contribute to the importance of helping the earth.

E: Intellectual - the ability to have an open mind, and the desire to learn and improve

F: Physical - the ability to maintain a quality of life that allows for everyday tasks to be completed without physical stress

3. What is the criteria for positive communication?

• Treats the other person with respect

• Communication using “I” messages and including feelings

• Clear and to the point

• Does not compromise personal values... sticks with their beliefs

• Avoids risky situations

4. What is mental illness?

A: an illness that affects the mind’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, often preventing a person from living a healthy, happy, productive life.

5. Depression is a prolonged feeling of what?

A: helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness

6. What are symptoms of depression?

A: - Persistent sad or irritable moody

- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed

- Significant change in appetite or body weight

- Difficulty sleeping or oversleeping

- Physical signs of nervousness

- Loss of energy

- Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt

- Difficulty concentrating

- Recurrent thought of death or suicide

7. How can depression be treated and how long does it take to treat?

A: Depression can be treated with medication, therapy, or lifestyle changes. It takes time and persistence, and cannot be expected to be better immediately

8. What are 2 major risk factors of suicide?

A: Mental illness, and drug/alcohol abuse

9. What is a risk factor?

A: A risk factor is something that increases one’s likelihood of developing a disease or injury

10. What is a symptom?

A: A symptom is a sign that a person has a particular illness or injury; like a warning sign

11. Who are some people that can help if you are someone you know are struggling with depression or suicide?

A: Parents, teachers, counselors, friends, trusted adults, crisis hotline

12. What form of bullying is hate crime?

A: Bullying because of sexual orientation, race, or religion

13. What is cyberbullying?

A: Posting information about a person (truthful or untruthful) which could knowingly result in unwanted contact or make that victim feel frightened or harassed.

14. What is hazing?

A: Making others perform tasks to join a group

15. Where can you report bullying at MPHS?

A: School website, trusted adult

16. Who are bystanders?

A: Those who watch bullying happen and do nothing about it

17. Why do people bully?

A: People bully to fit in, have low self esteem, or experienced verbal or physical abuse in their lifetime

Diseases- Cardiovascular/ Cancer

18. What is a healthy blood pressure range?

A: 110/70

19. What are the 3 parts of the cardiovascular system?

A: Heart, blood vessels, blood

20. What are the top 2 chambers of the heart?

A: Atria (atriums)

21. What are the bottom 2 chambers of the heart?

A: Ventricles

22. The ABCDE of skin cancer

A: Asymmetry

B: Border

C: Color

D: Diameter

E: Evolving

23. Is getting a base tan at a at an indoor tanning salon safer or more dangerous than getting a sunburn on vacation?

A: No, much more dangerous

24. What is the most deadly form of skin cancer?

A: Melanoma

25. Cancer is the uncontrollable growth of what type of cells?

A: Abnormal

26. What is angina pectoris?

A: Chest pain

27. What is atherosclerosis?

A: Plaque or cholesterol buildup on the arteries which causes partial blockage

28. What is hypertension?

A: High blood pressure

29. What is benign?

A: Non-cancerous

30. What is malignant?

A: Cancerous

31. What is biopsy?

A: Removing a part of the skin or mole and then testing it for cancerous cells

Nutrition:

32. What is a whole food?

A: A food that has nothing added to it or taken from it. A food in the form which nature intended it to be

33. What is a processed food?

A: Altering the food from the form it is found in nature

34. A person should try and keep their sodium intake to less than 2400 mg a day

35. What is the worst type of fat for the body?

A: Trans Fat

36. A serving size of meat is how many ounces, and what does that look like?

A: 3 oz and the size of a deck of cards

37. Which types of fats are healthy fats?

A: Unsaturated fats

38. Which types of fats are unhealthy fats?

A: Saturated fats and trans fats

39. What 5 food groups are incorporated in MyPlate?

A: Dairy, proteins, fruits, vegetables, carbohydrates

Body Image/Eating Disorders:

40. What body type characterizes endomorph?

- Soft and round body

- gains muscle and fat easily

- generally short and stocky

- round physique

- finds it hard to lose fat

- slow metabolism

41. What body type characterizes ectomorph?

- small slender frame and bone structure

- flat chest

- small shoulders

- thin

- lean muscle mass

- find it hard to gain weight

- fast metabolism

42. What body type characterizes mesomorph?

- athletic

- hard body with well defined muscles

- rectangular shaped body

- strong

- gains muscle easily

- gains fat more easily than ectomorphs

43. What is the difference between body image and self-esteem?

A: Body image is how you see your physical self, self-esteem is how you feel about your self and your self worth

44. What are 3 examples of internal qualities?

A: kind, considerate, cometic

45. What are 3 examples of external qualities?

A: tall, skinny, short

46. How do advertisements represent women?

A: perfect, photoshop, tall, thin, white, nice skin, shiny hair, white teeth

47. What is the average size woman?

A: 5’4 140 pounds

48. What is the average size model?

A: 5’11 117 pounds

49. What are the eating habits of someone struggling with anorexia?

A: Eats very little, restricts calories, moves food around on plate but never really eats it

50. What is the average weight of someone struggling with anorexia?

A: Underweight

51. What are the eating habits of someone struggling with bulimia?

A: Binge or eat a large amount of food in one sitting then purges the food by throwing up, using laxatives, or through excessive exercise

52. What is the average weight of someone struggling with bulimia?

A: A person struggling with bulimia looks as though their weight would fall into the healthy weight range

53. What are the eating habits of someone struggling with binge eating disorder?

A: The will restrict their calories in between binges, but once they binge they eat thousands of calories in one sitting. The binges are frequent and repetitive.

54. What is the average weight of someone struggling with binge eating disorder?

A: They are often overweight

55. Know ways to gain weight in a healthy way

A: Eat a high protein diet, lift high weights and low reps, don’t add calories with junk food, increase portion sizes

56. Know ways to lose weight in a healthy way

A: Eat lean proteins, control and measure portion sizes, drink water daily, avoid processed foods, exercise

57. Know ways to maintain weight in a healthy way

A: Eat balanced, healthy portions, avoid eating late at night, limit intake of sodium, alcohol, cholesterol, sugar

Tobacco:

58. What type of drug is nicotine? (hallucinogen, stimulant, depressant)

A: Stimulant

59. What are 3 side effects of smoking?

A: Wrinkles, ashtray breath, hacking cough, sore throat, phlegm in lungs and throat, dry skin, trouble exercising and playing sports, stained nails and teeth, hairy tongue

60. What is the addicting chemical in cigarettes?

A: Nicotine

61. What types of cancer does smokeless tobacco cause?

A: Mouth, throat, esophagus, and larynx

62. How soon after a person begins using smokeless tobacco can a dentist spot damage?

A: After 3 months

63. What is secondhand smoke?

A: Inhaling smoke indirectly; someone else smoking and a person inhaling that smoke

64. What is thirdhand smoke?

A: Smoke that has absorbed into others clothing, materials, or skin

65. What percent of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking; meaning firsthand or secondhand

A: 90%

66. How many years earlier does an average smoker die than a nonsmoker?

A: 14 years earlier

67. What are illnesses that children and babies can get from secondhand smoke?

A: Asthma, bronchitis, various respiratory issues

Drugs:

68. What is addiction?

A: is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences to the addicted individual and to those around him or her

69. What is a stimulant?

A: speeds up communication between the brain and the central nervous system; gives user a sense of increased energy

70. What is a depressant?

A: slows down communication between the brain and the central nervous system; makes a person drowsy, calms nerves, relaxes muscles

71. What is a hallucinogen?

A: causes a distortion of reality; experiences images, sounds, perceptions that do not actually exist

72. What is drug abuse?

A: Drug abuse is using a drug for something other than its intended medical use

73. What is drug dependence?

A: Having a physical or mental need for the drug in order to function and complete daily tasks; addiction

74. What are mental effects of marijuana?

A: Impairs memory, brain function, concentration, coordination, increases risk of developing psychotic disorders

75. What are physical effects of marijuana?

A: blood shot eyes, increased heart rate, coughing from lung irritation, increased appetite, and decreased blood pressure, bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchial asthma, risk of cancer of the head, neck, lungs and respiratory track

76. What are mental effects of heroine?

A: Heroin abusers report feeling a surge of euphoria or “rush,” followed by a twilight state of sleep and wakefulness

77. What are physical effects of heroine?

A: Physical symptoms of heroin use include: drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea, a warm flushing of the skin, dry mouth, and heavy extremities

78. What are mental effects of cocaine?

A: Rapid onset, intense euphoric onset, alertness and excitation, as well as restlessness, irritability, and anxiety, paranoia

79. What are physical effects of cocaine?

A: increased blood pressure and heart rate, dilated pupils, insomnia, and loss of appetite, cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic heart conditions, sudden cardiac arrest, convulsions, strokes, and death. In some users, the long-term use of inhaled cocaine has led to a unique respiratory syndrome, and chronic snorting of cocaine has led to the erosion of the upper nasal cavity.

80. What are mind effects of rophynol?

A: slows down the functioning of the CNS producing drowsiness (sedation), sleep (pharmacological hypnosis), decreased anxiety, and amnesia (no memory of events while under the influence of the substance). Rohypnol® can also cause increased or decreased reaction time, impaired mental functioning and judgement, confusion, aggression, and excitability.

81. What are physical effects of rophynol?

A: muscle relaxation, slurred speech, loss of motor coordination, weakness, headache, and respiratory depression

82. What are legal consequences of driving under the influence of drugs?

A: Equivalent to driving under the influence of alcohol, jail time, fines, probation

83. Drugs are a substance people take to change the way they feel, think, and behave.

84. What does a drug being characterized as schedule 1 mean?

A: It has no medical use, and has a high risk for abuse and dependence

Alcohol:

85. What is the alcohol percentage in beer?

A: 4-6%

86. What is the alcohol percentage in wine?

A: 12%

87. What is the alcohol percentage in liquor?

A: 40-50%

88. What is a MIP?

A: A minor in possession of alcohol or under the influence of alcohol

89. What is the BAC that is considered drunk?

A: Over 21 is .08 and under 21 is .02

90. What is the medical amnesty law?

A: Anyone who receives medical help for themselves or another person because of drugs or alcohol abuse or poisoning will not receive into any legal consequences

91. What are consequences of drinking and driving?

A: Death, death of someone else, 93 days jail time, probation, $500 fines, 180 days license suspension, 360 hours of community service

92. What are factors contributing to a person’s blood alcohol content?

A: Amount of food in stomach, rate of alcohol consumption, rate at which person burns alcohol, proof of alcohol consumed, tolerance, person’s weight

93. If the proof of a beverage is 100 what would the alcohol content be?

A: 50 percent

94. What are signs of alcohol poisoning?

A: Vomiting, passing out, difficult to awaken, slow, shallow breathing

95. What blood alcohol contents have the potential to be fatal?

A: .26 - .40

96. What should you do if you believe someone has alcohol poisoning?

- Do not leave them alone

- Turn them on their side to avoid choking on vomit

- Check skin: if pale or bluish, cold or clammy, call 911

- Check breathing: less than 10 breaths a minute or irregular breathing call 911

- CALL 911

97. What is fetal alcohol syndrome?

A: Prenatal exposure caused by women drinking alcohol during pregnancy, characterized by physical and mental deformities

98. Which is more dangerous for the fetus; alcohol or drugs?

A: Alcohol

99. What will happen if a person refuses a breathalyzer test?

A: Automatic one year drivers license suspension

100.What is the open intox law?

A: Possessing open alcohol on sidewalks, parking lots, public places

Reproduction:

101. Know the function of each reproductive part:

• Seminal vesicles - Adds sugary and sticky substance to sperm to produce semen

• Penis- Soft, spongy tissue which deposits sperm cells into the vagina

• Urethra- Passage for both urine and semen

• Epididymus- Stores sperm while waiting for sexual activity

• Scrotum- External organ which holds the testes and epididymus

• Prostate gland- Adds fluid to sperm to produce semen. Also called Cowper’s gland.

• Vas Deferens- Passageway for sperm

• Testes- Produces sperm and testosterone

• Fallopian tubes- Passageway for ova (egg). Fertilization occurs here

• Labia- Offers external protection for the vagina.

• Cervix- Thick mucus plug which keep bacteria out of uterus. Dilates during labor

• Ovary- Produces the egg and female hormones

• Uterus- “Womb” holds the embryo during pregnancy

• Vagina- Muscular tube in which sperm is deposited

• Fimbria- Fingerlike structure which sweeps egg through

102. What is circumcision?

A: cutting away of the forsekin surrounding the penis

103. What is erection?

A: when penis becomes hard and erect

104. What is insemination?

A: act of depositing sperm into female

105. Are pregnant teens more or less likely to have complications during pregnancy and why?

A: More likely because they are still growing and developing themselves, they are less likely to be knowledgable about the importance prenatal vitamins

106. At what month does movement start in the womb?

A: Month 4

107. What is the average weight of an infant when born?

A: 6-8 pounds

108. What is the average height of an infant when born?

A: 19-20 inches long

109. What are the 3 stages of embryonic development?

A: Zygote (fertilization - week 3), Embryo (week 3 - month 3), Fetus (month 3-birth)

110. What percent of teen moms graduate college before age 30?

A: 2%

111. Label each part of the reproductive system

ovary 2. Fimbria 3. Fallopian tube 4. Uterus 5. Cervix

6. Vagina 7. Seminal vesicle 8. Epididymis 9. Testicles 10. Penis 11.Scrotum 12. Urethra 13. Vas Deferens 14. Prostate

Birth Control:

112. What is 100% effective in preventing pregnancy?

A: Abstinence

113. What is the legal age of consent in Michigan?

A: 16

114. Who can purchase Plan B?

A: Anyone can purchase plan B regardless of age, it can be purchased at most stores that sell pharmaceuticals

115. Where can you go to get information regarding your sexual health here in Mt. Pleasant?

A: Foust Hall Health Services CMU, Central Michigan Pregnancy Services, McLaren Health Care

116. What are the effectiveness rates of the following birth controls?

• Condoms

• Male: 85-98%

• Female: 79-95%

• Pill- 91-99%

• Shot- 99%

• IUD- 99+%

117. Why might Plan B not work to prevent pregnancy?

A: It does not work if fertilization has already occurred

118. Know how each birth control method is implemented:

• Pill = ingested daily, hormones prevent pregnancy

• IUD = inserted into uterus, blocks sperm from fertilizing egg. Can last between 3-10 years

• Vaginal ring = self insert into vagina for 3 weeks, hormone prevents pregnancy

• Condom

• Male = places on male penis, blocks sperm from entering vagina

• Female = inserted deep into vagina, blocks sperm from entering cervix

• Shot = injected every 3 months, hormones prevent pregnancy

• Implant = inserted under skin, hormones prevent pregnancy

• Emergency Contraceptive = taken in doses as soon after unprotected sex as possible, up to 72 hours. High hormone doses prevent pregnancy if not already present

• Sterility

• Male = Cuts/ blocks/ ties vas deferens

• Female = Cuts/ blocks/ ties fallopian tubes

STI:

119. What STI is most common?

A: HPV

120. Which STI’s are curable?

• Syphilis

• Gonorrhea

• Chlamydia

• Public Lice

• Scabies

• Trichomoniasis

121. Which STI’s are not curable?

• Herpes

• HPV

• HIV/AIDS

• Hepatitis A,B,C

122. What are 4 common symptoms of STI’s?

• Discharge

• Painful urination

• Discomfort

• Sores

• Pain during intercourse

123. What are 5 ways STI’s can be transmitted?

• Vaginal sex

• Anal sex

• Oral sex

• Breast feeding

• Sharing needles

124. What can happen if STI’s are left untreated?

• Infertility

• Weakened immune system

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

• Liver cancer

• Death

• Heart disease

• Blindness

• Brain damage

• Complications with pregnancy

• Increase risk of developing cervical cancer

• Chronic pain

• Ectopic pregnancy

• Infection of the joints

125. What is a Healthy relationship?

When two people develop a connection based on: Mutual respect and Trust. (see equality wheel)

126. What is an Unhealthy relationship?

Relationships in which physical, sexual, psychological, or emotional violence take place. (see power and control wheel)

127. What is abstinence?

Refraining from indulging in a substance or an act

128. List five strategies to saying “no”

Polite Refusal

Give a Reason

Repeating one’s self

Walk Away

Cold Shoulder

Give an Alternative

Reverse the Pressure

Avoid the Situation

Strength in Numbers

129. What are the consequences of sexting?

Legal consequences, school consequences, home consequences.

Felony charges possible (examples: production, distribution, possession) Considered child pornography, sex offender list, jail time, fines, etc.

130. 4 examples of being assertive

Use “I statements”- Use body language- Stay calm- Don’t give in to pressure

131. What is the age of consent?

In Michigan the age of consent is 16

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