Foundations



AP World Essay PromptsFoundations In what ways did geography and climate affect the development of human society?What were the economic and social results of the agricultural revolution?What are the issues involved in using “civilization” as an organizing principle in world history?What is the most common source of change: connection/diffusion or independent invention?How do agricultural, pastoral and foraging societies differ? Use evidence from Africa, the Americas and Southeast Asia.What was the impact of agriculture on the environment?What was the importance of the introduction of bronze and iron?Compare the basic features of two early civilizations? Choose two of the following: Mesopotamia, Mesoamerica, Shang, IndusCompare the development of political structures in China with those in India.How did social and gender structures in India differ from the Mediterranean?Which regions were favored as areas of human settlement, given the technology available during the Classic period?Describe the major classical period trading patters within and among China, India, and the Mediterranean?What were the scientific and technological contributions of China, India, and the Mediterranean?What were the artistic contributions of China, India, and the Mediterranean?What were the basic features of the major world belief systems?PolytheismHinduismDaoismJudaismChristianityBuddhismWhat were the main emphases and the main changes in organized religion during the Classic period?What interactions among regions favored changes in human society?What changes in population and culture were brought about by migrations?What were the Greek approaches to science and philosophy? Explain the role of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.What led to the diffusion of the major religions?Why was the collapse of empire more severe in western Europe than it was in the eastern Mediterranean or in China?600 to 1450Analyze the changes and continuities in the Arabic world’s acceptance of ONE of the following items between 700 and 1400. Be sure to discuss the causes of the changes as well as the reasons for the continuities.ArtsTechnologySciencesDescribe and analyze the cultural, economic, and political impact of Islam on ONE of the following regions between 700 C.E. and 1450 C.E. Be sure to discuss the causes of the changes as well as the reasons for the continuities.West AfricaSouth AsiaEuropeDescribe the developments and shifts in trade in ONE of the following regions between 600 and 1450 CE. Be sure to discuss the causes of the changes as well as the reasons for the continuities.Indian OceanTrans-SaharaSilk RoadCompare and contrast the economic and political choices made during the Tang/Song Era with those made during the first century of the Ming dynasty.Describe and analyze the changing political structure of China between 600 and 1450 CE. Be sure to discuss the causes of the changes as well as the reasons for the pare and contrast the economic and political effects of China on TWO of the following neighboring regions.KoreaJapanVietnamCompare and contrast the economic and political systems of two of the following regions between 700 and 1300 CE.RussiaByzantine EmpireWestern EuropeCompare and contrast the Greek Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church using TWO of the following criteria:Religious dogmaRole and responsibilities of clergyOrganizational structureArt used in places of worshipCompare and contrast the social, political and economic patterns of the TWO of the following civilizationsMayansAztecsIncasCompare and contrast Japanese and European feudalism using TWO of the following criteria:Warrior classArchitectureRole of king/emperorCompare and contrast the impact of TWO of the following migrations:BantuVikingsAztecsCompare and contrast Islam and Christianity using TWO of the following criteria:DogmaRelation to the stateReligious prophetsRole of womenDescribe the developments and shifts in the role of women in TWO of the following regions between 600 and 1450 CE:ChinaDar al-IslamWestern EuropeCompare and contrast the short and long-term effects of the Crusades on Western Europe and the Middle pare and contrast the role and function of cities in TWO of the following regions:Dar al-IslamWestern EuropeChinaCompare and contrast European and sub-Saharan contacts with the Islamic world using TWO of the following criteria:Degree of adoption of IslamMilitary conflictEconomic relationshipTreatment of minority/indigenous religions1450-1750Compare and contrast American slavery with one of the following coercive systems of labor - Russian serfdom or the encomienda system. Describe and analyze the impact of the Columbian Exchange on one of the following regions between 1400 and 1700. Be sure to discuss the causes of the changes as well as reasons for the pare and contrast the exploration and colonization practices of the Portuguese and Spanish with one of the following:FrenchBritishDutchDescribe the developments and shifts in thought in Europe between 1450 and 1750. Use two of the following cultural movements to discuss the causes of the changes as well as the reasons for the continuities.ReformationRenaissanceEnlightenmentScientific RevolutionHow did the international role of Europe change from the Post-Classical Period to the Early Modern Period?Compare Russia’s interaction with the West with the interaction of two of the following:Ottoman EmpireChinaTokugawa JapanMughal IndiaHow does the world economic network of 1750 compare with that of 1000?Compare the intellectual and artistic developments of Europe to one of the following:Mughal IndiaTokugawa JapanMing ChinaWhat were the demographic and environmental changes caused by the following:diseasesanimalsnew cropspopulation trendsCompare the role of women under the Tokugawa Shogunate with two of the following:Western EuropeOttoman EmpireMing ChinaCompare the Portuguese method of creating and maintaining empire with that of one of the following land-based empires Safavid PersiaOttoman EmpireMughal India1450-1750Analyze the changes in global commerce from 1750 to 1914 due to changes in technology, communication and economic theory.Analyze the demographic changes between 1750 and 1914 due to three of the following:industrializationfood supplyimmigrationbirth rate patternshealthslave tradeAnalyze the social, economic and political changes and continuities facing women between 1750 and 1914 in the industrialized world.Choose TWO of the areas listed below and analyze how each area’s relationship to global trade patterns changed from 1750 to the present. Be sure to describe each area’s involvement in global patterns around 1750 as your starting point.Latin AmericaEast AsiaSub-Saharan AfricaThe Middle EastEastern EuropeNorth AmericaSouth and Southeast AsiaCompare and contrast the causes and results of two of the following revolutions?Haitian RevolutionFrench RevolutionAmerican RevolutionCompare and contrast the causes and results of two of the following independence movements?Latin AmericanChineseEgyptianAnalyze the changes and continuities in labor systems between 1750 and 1914 in ONE of the following areas. In your analysis, be sure to discuss the causes of the changes and the reasons for the continuities.Latin America and the CaribbeanRussiaSub-Saharan AfricaCompare and contrast the economic, political and social impact of Western imperialism on TWO of the following regions:IndiaChinaSub-Saharan AfricaCompare and contrast the cultural and political reactions to Western imperialism in TWO of the following regions:Ottoman EmpireChinaIndiaJapanCompare the causes and early phases of the Industrial Revolution in TWO of the following regions:JapanWestern EuropeIndiaCompare and contrast the role of nationalism in both creating nation-states and defining foreign policy in TWO of the following regionsGermanyChinaJapanEgyptCompare and contrast forms of Western intervention in TWO of the following regions:Sub-Saharan AfricaLatin AmericaNorthern AfricaChinaCompare and contrast the roles and conditions of women in the upper/middle classes with the peasantry/working class in western Europe.Analyze changes and continuities in the environment due to the Industrial Revolution. Compare and contrast the debates over the utility of modernization theory as a framework for interpreting events in this period and the next?1914-PresentCompare and contrast the causes of World War I and World War II?Compare and contrast the resolutions of World War I and World War II. Consider the following:Peace agreements – major players, ideology, geographic boundariesEconomic/political effectsRole in creating future confrontationAnalyze the impact of war on civilians. Choose either World War I or World War II and compare it with one of the following conflicts:Korean WarVietnam WarBiafra WarAngola WarNicaragua WarBosnia/Kosovo WarCambodiaCompare and contrast European nationalism during the Interwar Period with that of the independence movements in those nations that decolonized following World War II.Analyze the changing role of the United States in the twentieth century. Consider its role economically, diplomatically and pare and contrast the impact of globalization in the 21st century with that of European colonialism in the 19th pare and contrast the patterns and results of decolonization in Africa and South pare and contrast two of the following revolutions’ effects on the roles of women:Russian Revolution 1917Chinese Revolution 1949Cuban Revolution 1959Iranian Revolution 1979Compare the effects of the World Wars on two of the following regions:IndiaAsiaAfricaLatin AmericaCompare and contrast why developing nations chose to align with either the USSR or the United States during the Cold pare the legacies of colonialism and the patterns of economic development in two of the three areas below:Latin AmericaAfricaAsiaCompare and contrast the independence struggles of Africa. Why were some nations more successful than others in diversifying their economies, developing a stable political system, and social equality?Compare and contrast the methods and effectiveness of guerilla warfare with that of high-tech warfare. Use specific examples from two of the following military conflicts of the 20th century.Israel-PalestineVietnam WarThe Iraq WarCompare and contrast the methods and results of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the Cuban Revolution of Fidel Castro.Analyze the demographic changes of 20th century considering three of the following:MigrationBirth ratesUrbanizationDeath ratesAnalyze the changes and continuities in threats to the environment and resulting environmental movements in the 20th century.Is cultural convergence or diversity the best model for understanding increased intercultural contact in the 20th century?Analyze the impact of economic philosophy on both the Cold War and on the decolonization movement.Analyze the political and social changes and continuities in one of the following nations during the twentieth century:RussiaMexicoJapanSouth AfricaAnalyze the role of religious belief and secular ideologies in the contemporary world.MiscCompare and contrast the political, social, and economic effects of Mongol rule on TWO of the following regions (choose only two).ChinaMiddle EastRussiaCompare and contrast the impact of Buddhism on India and China from the Mauryan Empire through the Song Dynasty with the impact of Catholicism on Western Europe from the Decline of the Roman Empire through the RenaissanceCompare and contrast the political economic and social systems of the Aztecs and the pare and contrast the impact of the spread of Islam into the Middle East, Africa, and Asia with the impact of the spread of Orthodox Christianity into Russia and Eastern pare and contrast the social, political, and economic impact of Confucianism in China with the Brahmin Caste System in India through the Post-Classical Period. ................
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