Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Study Guide



Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Study Guide

The Causes of the Scientific Revolution

The Middle Ages The Renaissance The Age of Exploration

The Main Theories and Thinkers of the Scientific Revolution

Natural Philosophy Speculation Aristotle’s View of the Universe

Nicolaus Copernicus Tycho Brahe Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei

Law of Inertia Law of Universal Gravitation Isaac Newton

Deductive Vs. Inductive

Francis Bacon René Descartes Dualism Empiricism

Inductive Reasoning Deductive Reasoning

The Enlightenment

Inspiration Reason Social Science Progress Idea of Truth

Anti-Religion Pierre Bayle John Locke Montesquieu Voltaire

Immanuel Kant Jean-Jaque Rosseau

The Political Effects of the Enlightenment

Enlightened Absolutism Frederick the Great Seven Years War

Frederick’s Social and Political Change Frederick’s Downfalls

Maria Theresa Joseph II Catherine the Great

Catherine’s Change Effects of the Serf Rebellion

The Enlightenment and the French Revolution

Ancien Regime The First Estate The Second Estate The Third Estate

Philosophes The Nobility of the Sword The Nobility of the Robe

The French Revolution

Louis Capet/Louis XVI Marie Antoinette Maximilien Robespierre

Estates General Tennis Court Oath Bastille Jean Paul Marat

The Guillotine The Fearsome Fish Ladies Georges Danton

September Massacre Reign of Terror Jacque Rene Herbert The Great Terror

The Big Ideas

• Understand how the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and the Age of Exploration affected Scientific Revolution, which in turn affected the Enlightenment, which in turn affected the French Revolution

• Understand how the foundations of science today (reasoning, observation, research, method) were created during the Scientific Revolution

• Look at the main theories of the Enlightenment (reason, progress, happiness, equality, liberty, social science) and understand their implications for the future

• See how rulers accepted the ideas of the Enlightenment and started changing their land for the better

• Understand the causes, events, and implications of the French Revolution

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